人工林小径柚木物理力学性质研究
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摘要
以20年生人工林小径柚木为试验对象,测量小径柚木的物理力学性质。试验测得小径柚木的基本密度、气干密度以及绝干密度分别为0. 460 g/cm~3、0. 541 g/cm~3、0. 500 g/cm~3,接近中等;端面硬度、弦面硬度和径面硬度分别为3 690 N、3 270 N、2 950 N,端面硬度接近中等;顺纹抗压强度为50. 9 MPa,属于中等;顺纹抗拉强度为124. 0 MPa;弦向顺纹抗剪强度为9. 8 MPa,径向顺纹抗剪强度为9. 2 MPa,属于中等;冲击韧性为174 kJ/m~2,属于高等;横纹局部弦向、径向抗压强度分别为16. 4 MPa,19. 1 MPa;横纹全部弦向、径向抗压强度分别为9. 3 MPa,12. 5 MPa;木材综合强度中等。整体来看人工林小径柚木密度比成熟柚木低,干缩性偏大,木材尺寸稳定性一般。主要物理力学性质与其他地区柚木相比没有显著性差距,一些力学性质甚至优于其他地区柚木。可以通过合适的营林措施获得更优质的人工林小径柚木,作为对力学强度要求不高的建筑以及室内家具用材。
With 20-year-old plantation small-diameter teak as the test object,the physical and mechanical properties of small-diameter teak were measured,with the basic density,air-dry density and oven-dried density being0. 460 g/cm~3,0. 541 g/cm~3 and 0. 500 g/cm~3 respectively,approaching the middle level; the end face hardness,chord hardness and diametric plane hardness being 3 690 N,3 270 N and 2 950 N respectively,nearing the middle level,the compressive strength parallel to grain being 50. 9 MPa,belonging to the middle level,the tensile strength parallel to grain being 124. 0 MPa,the chordwise shear strength parallel to grain being 9. 8 MPa,radial shear strength parallel to grain being 9. 2 MPa,belonging to the middle level; impact toughness being 174 kJ/m~2,belonging to the high level; the local chordwise and radial compressive strength perpendicular to grain being 16. 4 MPa and19. 1 MPa respectively,the overall chordwise and radial compressive strength perpendicular to grain being 9. 3 MPa and 12. 5 MPa respectively; he dimensional stability of the wood is fairly good. Overall,the density of plantation small-diameter teak is lower than that of mature teak,with large dry shrinkage and ordinary dimensional stability,with no significant difference compared with teak in other areas in terms of main physical and mechanical properties,even superior to the teak in other areas in terms of some mechanical properties. Appropriate forest management measures can be taken to obtain higher-quality plantation small-diameter teak,which can be used as building and interior furniture with low mechanical strength requirements.
With 20-year-old plantation small-diameter teak as the test object,the physical and mechanical properties of small-diameter teak were measured,with the basic density,air-dry density and oven-dried density being0. 460 g/cm~3,0. 541 g/cm~3 and 0. 500 g/cm~3 respectively,approaching the middle level; the end face hardness,chord hardness and diametric plane hardness being 3 690 N,3 270 N and 2 950 N respectively,nearing the middle level,the compressive strength parallel to grain being 50. 9 MPa,belonging to the middle level,the tensile strength parallel to grain being 124. 0 MPa,the chordwise shear strength parallel to grain being 9. 8 MPa,radial shear strength parallel to grain being 9. 2 MPa,belonging to the middle level; impact toughness being 174 kJ/m~2,belonging to the high level; the local chordwise and radial compressive strength perpendicular to grain being 16. 4 MPa and19. 1 MPa respectively,the overall chordwise and radial compressive strength perpendicular to grain being 9. 3 MPa and 12. 5 MPa respectively; he dimensional stability of the wood is fairly good. Overall,the density of plantation small-diameter teak is lower than that of mature teak,with large dry shrinkage and ordinary dimensional stability,with no significant difference compared with teak in other areas in terms of main physical and mechanical properties,even superior to the teak in other areas in terms of some mechanical properties. Appropriate forest management measures can be taken to obtain higher-quality plantation small-diameter teak,which can be used as building and interior furniture with low mechanical strength requirements.
引文
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[24]姜笑梅,张立菲,刘鹏.拉丁美洲热带木材[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
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[27]罗良才.云南主要树种木材的物理力学性质和用途[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1987:120-121.
[2]刘燕吉,王怀军,张立非.椰子木、柚木、橡胶木等热带木材加工利用的考察报告[J].福建热作科技,1991(3):10-13.
[3] Keogh R M. Does teak have a future in tropical America? A survey of Tectona grandis in the Caribbean,Central America,Venezuela and Colombia.[J]. Unasylva,1979,31(126):13-19.
[4]邝炳朝.我国柚木栽培的回顾和展望[A].广州:中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所建所三十周年纪念文集,1992:69-72.
[5]王达明,杨绍增.云南柚木的引种和发展[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1996:37-40.
[6]杨民权.我国柚木引种及其发展前景[J].热带林业,1986(4):15-22.
[7] Global data on forest plantations resources[J]. Forest Genetic Resources,2002.
[8]方晓阳,徐伟.小径材应用研究概况[J].林产工业,2018,45(11):42-46.
[9]国家技术监督局. GB/T 1929———2009,木材物理力学试件锯解及试样截取方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[10]国家技术监督局. GB/T 1928-1941———2009,木材物理及力学性质测试方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[11]张东北,周成敏.细柄阿丁枫木材物理力学性质研究[J].湖南林业科技,2018,45(5):86-89.
[12]刘一星,赵广杰.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012:146-147.
[13]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所.中国主要树种的木材物理力学性质[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1982.
[14]尹思慈.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996.
[15]成俊卿,何定华,陈嘉宝.中国重要树种的木材鉴别及其工艺性质和用途[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1960.
[16]徐有明.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006:138-139.
[17]于书贤,吴智慧,王雪花.实木家具常用硬阔叶材中高温热处理物理性能研究[J].家具,2018,39(2):28-30.
[18]黄腾华,符韵林,李宁.擎天树木材物理力学性质研究[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(5):160-163.
[19]成俊卿.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1985.
[20]李坚.木材科学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[21]梁善庆,罗建举.人工林米老排木材的物理力学性质[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2007,27(5).
[22]李坚.木材科学[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[23]鲍甫成,江泽慧.中国主要人工林树种木材性质[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1998.
[24]姜笑梅,张立菲,刘鹏.拉丁美洲热带木材[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
[25]刘鹏,姜笑梅,张立菲.非洲热带木材[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
[26]刘鹏,杨家驹,卢鸿俊.东南亚热带木材[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
[27]罗良才.云南主要树种木材的物理力学性质和用途[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1987:120-121.