苏丹草及高丹草幼苗对干旱胁迫的生理响应与抗旱性比较
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摘要
采用沙培植物育苗法,以聚乙二醇6000(PEG-6000)模拟自然干旱,研究9份苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)及3份高丹草(S. bicolor×S. sudanense)幼苗期对干旱胁迫的生理响应,并利用隶属函数法对其抗旱性进行综合比较。结果表明,抗旱性强的材料在干旱胁迫下保水能力强、叶绿素持有率高、能维持较高的光合性能和细胞膜结构的完整性。依据叶片相对含水量、相对电导率、丙二醛含量、叶绿素含量、光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、净光合速率和水分利用效率7项抗逆相关指标,对12份材料的抗旱隶属值进行计算,其综合抗旱适应性鉴定结果为,材料编号1、2和3的苏丹草与10(‘蜀草2号’高丹草)、11(‘蜀草1号’高丹草)及12(‘海狮’苏丹草)抗旱性较强,编号为7、8的两份苏丹草和9号高丹草抗旱性较差。本研究为高梁属作物抗旱新品种选育和优质牧草栽培利用提供了试验依据。
The physiological responses of nine cultivars of Sorghum sudanense and three cultivars of S. bicolor × S.sudanense were studied under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000) based on a sand culture experiment. The results show that materials with better drought tolerance have better water retaining capacity, higher chlorophyll content, and better photosynthesis and membrane integrity under drought stress. The drought tolerance of the 12 cultivars were evaluated by subordinate function values analysis according to seven physiological parameters(leaf relative water content, electrolyte leakage, malondialdebyde content, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency). Three S. sudanense cultivars(No. 1, 2, and 3) and cultivar No. 10(‘Shucao No. 2' S. bicolor × S. sudanense), cultivar No. 11(‘Shucao No. 1' S. bicolor × S. sudanense), and cultivar No. 12(‘HayKing ' S. sudanense) had higher drought tolerance, and two S. sudanense cultivars(No. 7 and 8) and a S. bicolor × S.sudanense cultivar(No. 9) had lower drought tolerance. This study provides basal data for the cultivation and utilization of forages and selection of new cultivars with higher drought tolerance.
The physiological responses of nine cultivars of Sorghum sudanense and three cultivars of S. bicolor × S.sudanense were studied under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000) based on a sand culture experiment. The results show that materials with better drought tolerance have better water retaining capacity, higher chlorophyll content, and better photosynthesis and membrane integrity under drought stress. The drought tolerance of the 12 cultivars were evaluated by subordinate function values analysis according to seven physiological parameters(leaf relative water content, electrolyte leakage, malondialdebyde content, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, net photosynthetic rate, and water use efficiency). Three S. sudanense cultivars(No. 1, 2, and 3) and cultivar No. 10(‘Shucao No. 2' S. bicolor × S. sudanense), cultivar No. 11(‘Shucao No. 1' S. bicolor × S. sudanense), and cultivar No. 12(‘HayKing ' S. sudanense) had higher drought tolerance, and two S. sudanense cultivars(No. 7 and 8) and a S. bicolor × S.sudanense cultivar(No. 9) had lower drought tolerance. This study provides basal data for the cultivation and utilization of forages and selection of new cultivars with higher drought tolerance.
引文
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[3]彭丹丹,王晓娟,李州,李亚萍,彭燕.亚精胺对PEG渗透胁迫下白三叶种子萌发及幼苗抗旱效应的影响.草业科学,2016,33(9):1739-1746.PENG D D, WANG X J, LI Z, LI Y P, PENG Y. Effects of spermidine on seed germination and seedling drought resistance of white clover under osmotic stress induced by PEG. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(9):1739-1746.
[4]赵波,杨秀云,沈向群.PEG与低温对法国百里香种子萌发的影响.草业科学,2015, 32(11):1808-1814.ZHAO B, YANG X Y, SHEN X Q. Effects of drought and cold stress on seeds germination of Thymus vulgari. Pratacultural Science, 2015,32(11):1808-1814.
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[11]毛培春,孟林,高洪文,张国芳,田小霞.20份无芒雀麦种质材料苗期抗旱性综合评价及光合特性分析.草地学报,2011,19(4):619-624,630.MAO P C,MENG L,GAO H W,ZHANG G F,TIAN X X. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance and photosynthetic characteristic of 20 Bromus inermis Leyss. accessions at seedling stage. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(4):619-624, 630.
[12]盛业龙,王莎莎,许美玲,黄国宾,马文广,杨双龙,段胜智,王丽特,杨利云,赵静,肖炳光,龚明.24个烤烟品种田间抗旱性的比较筛选与综合评价.热带作物学报,2014, 35(12):2340-2348.SHENG Y L,WANG S S,XU M L,HUANG G B,MA W G,YANG S L,DU AN S Z,WANG L T,YANG L Y,ZHAO J,XIAO B G, GONG M. Comparative screening and comprehensive evaluation of 24 flue-cured tobacco varieties drought-resistantce under field condition. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2014, 35(12):2340-2348.
[13] ZHAO X X,HUANG L K,ZHANG X Q, LI Z,PENG Y. Effects of heat acclimation on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities, and gene expression in orchardgrass under heat stress. Molecules, 2014, 19(9):13564-13576.
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[16] STRAIN H H, SVEC W A. Extraction, separation, estimation and isolation of the chlorophylls. The Chlorophylls, 1966, 1:22-66.
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[20] SMIRNOFF N. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist, 2010, 125(1):27-58.
[21]刘艳,蔡贵芳,陈贵林.干旱胁迫对甘草幼苗活性氧代谢的影响.中国草地学报,2012, 34(5):93-98.LIU Y, CAI G F, CHEN G L. Effects of drought stress on active oxygen metabolism in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2012, 34(5):93-98.
[22] UPADHYAYA H, PANDA S K, DUTTA B K. Variation of physiological and antioxidative responses in tea cultivars subjected to elevated water stress followed by rehydration recovery. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2008, 30(4):457-468.
[23] ABRAHAM A E M, HUANG B R, BONOSB S A, MEYERB W A. Evaluation of drought resistance for Texas bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and their hybrids. Crop science, 2004, 44(5):1746-1753.
[24] SHI H T, WANG Y Y, CHENG Z G, YE T T, CHAN Z L. Analysis of natural variation in bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon)reveals physiological responses underlying drought tolerance. PLoS One, 2012, 7(12):e53422.
[25]余玲,王彦荣,GARNETT T,AURICHT G,韩德梁.紫花苜蓿不同品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应.草业学报,2006, 15(3):75-85.YU L, WANG Y R, GARNETT T, AURICHT G, HAN D L. Physiological responses to drought stress among different Medicago sativa varieties. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006, 15(3):75-85.
[26] RISTIC Z, DAVID D. Chloroplast structure after water and high temperature stress in two lines of maize that differ in endogenous levels of abscises acid. International Journal Plant Science, 1992, 153:186-196.
[27]李威.六种裸燕麦品种苗期抗旱性比较.青海大学学报(自然科学版),2008, 26(4):44-48.LI W. Comparison of drought resistance on 6 naked oatsat seedling stage. Journal of Qinghai University(Nature Science), 2008,26(4):44-48.
[28]郑敏娜,李向林,万里强,何峰,席翠玲.水分胁迫对6种禾草叶绿体、线粒体超微结构及光合作用的影响.草地学报,2009,17(5):643-649.ZHEN M N, LI X L, WAN L Q, HE F, XI C L. Effect of water stress on ultrastructures of chloroplast and mitochondria and photosynthesis in six gramineous species. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2009, 17(5):643-649.
[29]王建程,严昌荣,卜玉山.不同水分与养分水平对玉米叶绿素荧光特性的影响.中国农业气象,2005, 26(2):95-98.WANG J C, YAN C R, PU Y S. Effect of vary soil moisture and fertility levels on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in maize.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2005, 26(2):95-98.
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[2]詹秋文,钱章强.高粱与苏丹草杂种优势利用的研究.作物学报,2004, 30(1):73-77.ZHAN Q W, QIAN Z Q. Heterosis utilization of hybrid between sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench] and sudangrass[Sorghum sudanense(Piper)Stapf]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 30(1):73-77.
[3]彭丹丹,王晓娟,李州,李亚萍,彭燕.亚精胺对PEG渗透胁迫下白三叶种子萌发及幼苗抗旱效应的影响.草业科学,2016,33(9):1739-1746.PENG D D, WANG X J, LI Z, LI Y P, PENG Y. Effects of spermidine on seed germination and seedling drought resistance of white clover under osmotic stress induced by PEG. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(9):1739-1746.
[4]赵波,杨秀云,沈向群.PEG与低温对法国百里香种子萌发的影响.草业科学,2015, 32(11):1808-1814.ZHAO B, YANG X Y, SHEN X Q. Effects of drought and cold stress on seeds germination of Thymus vulgari. Pratacultural Science, 2015,32(11):1808-1814.
[5]路贵和,安海润.作物抗旱性鉴定方法与指标研究进展.山西农业科学,1999, 27(4):39-43.LU G H, AN H R. Advances in studies on methods and indexes for identification of crop drought resistance. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 1999, 27(4):39-43.
[6]赵娜,于卓,马艳红,李小雷,周亚星.高丹草幼苗抗旱和耐盐性的品种间差异.中国草地学报,2007, 29(3):39-44.ZHAO N, YU Z, MA Y H, LI X L, ZHOU Y X. Differences in drought and salt tolerance among varieties of Sorghum bicolor×sorghum sudanense. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2007, 29(3):39-44.
[7]李源,谢楠,赵海明,刘贵波.不同高丹草品种对干旱胁迫的响应及抗旱性评价.草地学报,2010, 18(6):891-896.LI Y, XIE N, ZHAO H M, LIU G B. Evaluations of drought resistance among different sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense varieties.Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2010, 18(6):891-896.
[8] BIBI A, SADAQAT H A, AKRAM H M, KHAN T M, USMAN B F. Physiological and agronomic responses of sudangrass to water stress. Journal of Agricultural Research, 2010, 48(3):369-380.
[9]何雪银,文仁来,吴翠荣,周锦国.模糊隶属函数法对玉米苗期抗旱性的分析.西南农业学报,2008, 21(1):52-56.HE X Y, WEN R L, WU C R, ZHOU J G. Analysis of maize drought resistance at seeding stage by fuzzy subordination method.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 21(1):52-56.
[10]魏永胜,梁宗锁,山仑,张辰露.利用隶属函数值法评价苜蓿抗旱性.草业科学,2005, 22(6):33-36.WEI Y S, LIANG Z S, SHAN L, ZHANG C L. Comprehensive evaluation on alfalfa drought-resistance traits by subordinate function values analysis. Pratacultural Science, 2005, 22(6):33-36.
[11]毛培春,孟林,高洪文,张国芳,田小霞.20份无芒雀麦种质材料苗期抗旱性综合评价及光合特性分析.草地学报,2011,19(4):619-624,630.MAO P C,MENG L,GAO H W,ZHANG G F,TIAN X X. Comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance and photosynthetic characteristic of 20 Bromus inermis Leyss. accessions at seedling stage. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(4):619-624, 630.
[12]盛业龙,王莎莎,许美玲,黄国宾,马文广,杨双龙,段胜智,王丽特,杨利云,赵静,肖炳光,龚明.24个烤烟品种田间抗旱性的比较筛选与综合评价.热带作物学报,2014, 35(12):2340-2348.SHENG Y L,WANG S S,XU M L,HUANG G B,MA W G,YANG S L,DU AN S Z,WANG L T,YANG L Y,ZHAO J,XIAO B G, GONG M. Comparative screening and comprehensive evaluation of 24 flue-cured tobacco varieties drought-resistantce under field condition. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2014, 35(12):2340-2348.
[13] ZHAO X X,HUANG L K,ZHANG X Q, LI Z,PENG Y. Effects of heat acclimation on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities, and gene expression in orchardgrass under heat stress. Molecules, 2014, 19(9):13564-13576.
[14] BARRS H, WEATHERLEY P. A re-examination of the relative turgidity technique for estimating water deficits in leaves.Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 1962, 15:413-428.
[15] BLUM A, EBERCON A. Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Science, 1981, 21:43-47.
[16] STRAIN H H, SVEC W A. Extraction, separation, estimation and isolation of the chlorophylls. The Chlorophylls, 1966, 1:22-66.
[17] DHINDSA R S, DHINDSA P P, THORPE T A. Leaf senescence:correlated with increased leaves of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Journal of Experimental Botany, 1981, 32:93-101.
[18]龚明.作物抗旱性鉴定方法与指标及其综合评价.云南农业大学学报,1989, 4(1):73-81.GONG M. Kinds of index and methods for crop drought resistance identification and comprehensive evaluation. Journal of Yunnan University,1989, 4(1):73-81.
[19]郑敏娜,李向林,万里强,何峰,席翠玲,陈瑞祥.四种暖季型禾草对水分胁迫的生理响应.中国农学通报,2009, 25(9):114-119.ZHEN M N, LI X L, WAN L Q, HE F, XI C L, CHEN R X. Physiological responses to drought stress of warm-season forage grasses. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2009, 25(9):114-119.
[20] SMIRNOFF N. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist, 2010, 125(1):27-58.
[21]刘艳,蔡贵芳,陈贵林.干旱胁迫对甘草幼苗活性氧代谢的影响.中国草地学报,2012, 34(5):93-98.LIU Y, CAI G F, CHEN G L. Effects of drought stress on active oxygen metabolism in Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2012, 34(5):93-98.
[22] UPADHYAYA H, PANDA S K, DUTTA B K. Variation of physiological and antioxidative responses in tea cultivars subjected to elevated water stress followed by rehydration recovery. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2008, 30(4):457-468.
[23] ABRAHAM A E M, HUANG B R, BONOSB S A, MEYERB W A. Evaluation of drought resistance for Texas bluegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and their hybrids. Crop science, 2004, 44(5):1746-1753.
[24] SHI H T, WANG Y Y, CHENG Z G, YE T T, CHAN Z L. Analysis of natural variation in bermudagrass(Cynodon dactylon)reveals physiological responses underlying drought tolerance. PLoS One, 2012, 7(12):e53422.
[25]余玲,王彦荣,GARNETT T,AURICHT G,韩德梁.紫花苜蓿不同品种对干旱胁迫的生理响应.草业学报,2006, 15(3):75-85.YU L, WANG Y R, GARNETT T, AURICHT G, HAN D L. Physiological responses to drought stress among different Medicago sativa varieties. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2006, 15(3):75-85.
[26] RISTIC Z, DAVID D. Chloroplast structure after water and high temperature stress in two lines of maize that differ in endogenous levels of abscises acid. International Journal Plant Science, 1992, 153:186-196.
[27]李威.六种裸燕麦品种苗期抗旱性比较.青海大学学报(自然科学版),2008, 26(4):44-48.LI W. Comparison of drought resistance on 6 naked oatsat seedling stage. Journal of Qinghai University(Nature Science), 2008,26(4):44-48.
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