普通小麦品种陕农33矮秆突变体的矮化效应分析
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摘要
为了解普通小麦品种陕农33矮秆突变体的矮化原因,通过农艺性状调查、茎秆细胞学观察、苗期赤霉素(GA)反应试验、内源激素含量测定和矮秆基因检测,分析了陕农33的13个矮秆突变体植株生长发育、茎秆解剖特征及对GA的敏感性。结果表明,与野生型陕农33相比,矮秆突变体的株高都显著下降,株高的下降与节间数无关,主要是由于节间长度的缩短,其中穗下节和第四节间的降秆效应较大。经进一步细胞学观察,突变体变矮是由茎秆细胞长度减少和细胞变小共同引起的,其中细胞长度减少是主因。从苗期植株对GA3的反应看,13个矮秆突变体属于赤霉素不敏感型或弱敏感型,说明赤霉素转导途径存在问题,即矮秆突变位点可能在赤霉素转导途径上。从内源激素测定结果看,13个矮秆材料中只有1个材料的茎秆GA3含量较陕农33略降,其余均增加,而CTK含量均减少,10个材料的IAA含量增加,说明这些材料的株高下降与赤霉素等内源激素代谢变化密切相关。通过矮秆基因检测,13个矮秆突变体和陕农33均含有目前应用范围较广的Rht-D1b基因,只有两个矮化材料含有Rht-B1b,因而推测矮秆突变体可能还含有其他致矮相关的基因。
In order to understand the dwarfing mechanism of dwarf mutants of common wheat variety Shaannong 33,agronomic traits,stem cell cytology,GA3 reaction of seedling,endogenous hormone,and dwarf gene were analysed.The reasons for dwarfing were analyzed from plant growth and development,stem anatomical characteristics,and the effects of hormones.The results showed that compared with the wild-type Shaannong 33,the plant height of dwarf mutants was significantly decreased.The decline in plant height was not related to the number of internodes,but mainly due to the shortening of the internode length,among which,the dwarfing effects of peduncle and the fourth internode were obvious.Microscopic observation of the cells showed that the reduction in plant height was caused by the shortening of the cell length and the decrease in the size of the cells,of which,theshortening of the cell is the main factor.GA3 reaction at the seedling stage showed that 13 dwarf mutants were GA-insensitive or weak-sensitive,indicating that there is a problem with the GA transduction pathway,the mutation site may be in the GA transduction pathway.From the results of endogenous hormone determination,the content of endogenous GA3 in 12 dwarfing materials was increased compared with that in Shaannong 33.Only one material was decreased slightly,while the content of endogenous CTK was decreased compared with that in Shaannong 33.It can be speculated that the accumulation of GA3 and the decrease of CTK affected the growth and development of the plants.By dwarf gene detection,13 dwarf mutants and Shaannong 33 all contained Rht-D1b gene with a wide range of applications.It is inferred that dwarf mutants may also contain other dwarfing genes.
In order to understand the dwarfing mechanism of dwarf mutants of common wheat variety Shaannong 33,agronomic traits,stem cell cytology,GA3 reaction of seedling,endogenous hormone,and dwarf gene were analysed.The reasons for dwarfing were analyzed from plant growth and development,stem anatomical characteristics,and the effects of hormones.The results showed that compared with the wild-type Shaannong 33,the plant height of dwarf mutants was significantly decreased.The decline in plant height was not related to the number of internodes,but mainly due to the shortening of the internode length,among which,the dwarfing effects of peduncle and the fourth internode were obvious.Microscopic observation of the cells showed that the reduction in plant height was caused by the shortening of the cell length and the decrease in the size of the cells,of which,theshortening of the cell is the main factor.GA3 reaction at the seedling stage showed that 13 dwarf mutants were GA-insensitive or weak-sensitive,indicating that there is a problem with the GA transduction pathway,the mutation site may be in the GA transduction pathway.From the results of endogenous hormone determination,the content of endogenous GA3 in 12 dwarfing materials was increased compared with that in Shaannong 33.Only one material was decreased slightly,while the content of endogenous CTK was decreased compared with that in Shaannong 33.It can be speculated that the accumulation of GA3 and the decrease of CTK affected the growth and development of the plants.By dwarf gene detection,13 dwarf mutants and Shaannong 33 all contained Rht-D1b gene with a wide range of applications.It is inferred that dwarf mutants may also contain other dwarfing genes.
引文
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[2]肖世和,张秀英,阎长生,等.再论超级麦育种[J].麦类作物学报,2002,22(3):72.XIAO S H,ZHANG X Y,YAN C S,et al.On the breeding of the super wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2002,22(3):72.
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[10]杨松杰,张晓科,何中虎,等.用STS标记检测矮秆基因RhtB1b和Rht-D1b在中国小麦中的分布[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(8):1680.YANG S J,ZHANG X K,HE Z H,et al.Distribution of dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in Chinese bread wheats detected by STS marker[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2006,39(8):1680.
[11]周阳,何中虎,张改生,等.用微卫星标记鉴定中国小麦品种中Rht8矮秆基因的分布[J].作物学报,2003,29(6):811.ZHOU Y,HE Z H,ZHANG G S,et al.Rht8 dwarf gene distribution in Chinese wheats identified by microsatellite marker[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2003,29(6):811.
[12]杨芳萍,夏先春,张勇,等.春化、光周期和矮秆基因在不同国家小麦品种中的分布及其效应[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1155.YANG F P,XIA X C,ZHANG Y,et al.Distribution of allelic variation for vernalization,photoperiod,and dwarfing genes and their effects on growth period and plant height among cultivars from major wheat producing countries[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(7):1155.
[13]GUEDIRA M,BROWNGUEDIRA G,SANFORD D V,et al.Distribution of Rht genes in modern and historic winter wheat cultivars from the eastern and central USA[J].Crop Science,2010,50(5):1811.
[14]孙树贵,李艳丽,鲁敏,等.67份美国小麦品种矮秆基因的分子标记检测[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(6):1087.SUN S G,LI Y L,LU M,et al.Distribution of dwarfing genes in 67American wheat cultivars detected by molecular markers[J].Asian Journal of Plant Sciences,2013,33(6):1087.
[15]杨德卫,卢礼斌,郑向华,等.水稻矮秆突变体MU101的诱发及鉴定[J].核农学报,2011,25(2):202.YANG D W,LU L B,ZHENG X H,et al.Induction and identification of a dwarf mutant MU101in rice[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2011,25(2):202.
[16]邱正高,杨华,祁志云,等.航空诱变的糯玉米矮秆突变体株高与叶片生长分析[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(4):901.QIU Z G,YANG H,QI Z Y,et al.Analysis of plant height and leaves on dwarf wax maize line mutated by aviation[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2009,22(4):901.
[17]杨秋平,杨阳,王鑫,等.小麦矮秆种质山农11069-5矮秆基因的遗传分析及分子定位[J].分子植物育种,2015,13(1):72.YANG Q P,YANG Y,WANG X,et al.Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of the Rht gene in dwarf germplasm Shaannong 11069-5[J].Molecular Plant Breeding,2015,13(1):72.
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[21]曹丽,钱鹏,张紫晋,等.航天搭载小麦矮秆突变体DMR88-1矮化效应分析[J].核农学报,2015,29(11):2049.CAO L,QIAN P,ZHANG Z,et al.Analysis of the dwarfing mutagenic effect on a wheat mutant line DMR88-1by space mutation[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2015,29(11):2049.
[22]张祥池,郝燕冉,魏凡,等.小麦矮秆突变体矮秆基因的遗传分析[J].河北农业大学学报,2017,40(2):1.ZHANG X C,HAO Y R,WEI F,et al.Characterization of the Rht gene in one dwarfing mutant of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2017,40(2):1.
[23]卢媛,崔超凡,胡平,等.矮秆基因Rht_NM9在小麦株高建成中对内源激素含量的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(9):1272.LU Y,CUI C F,HU P,et al.Effects of dwarf gene Rht_NM9 on contents of endogenous hormone regulating plant height of common wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017,43(9):1272.
[24]林廷安,朱湄,李春兰.小麦矮秆突变体的遗传分析[J].作物学报,1982,8(4):256.LIN Y A,ZHU M,LI CH L.Studies on the inheritance of short-culm mutants in wheat[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,1982,8(4):256.
[25]李明飞,谢彦周,刘录祥,等.叠氮化钠诱变普通小麦陕农33突变体库的构建和初步评估[J].麦类作物学报,2015,(1):22.LI M F,XIE Y Z,LIU L X,et al.Construction and preliminary assessment of a mutant library of common wheat cultivar Shaannong 33mutated with sodium azide[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2015,(1):22.
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