阿什河流域地下水脆弱性分区
|
摘要
为识别阿什河流域地下水易污区,基于DRASTIC模型,结合研究区水文地质特点和地下水源地特质,舍弃土壤类型和水力传导系数指标,新增抽水井群影响范围评价指标,得到适用于阿什河流域的DRATIE脆弱性评价体系.借助OpenGeoSys(OGS)软件,模拟研究区抽水与不抽水时的地下水流场,圈划出抽水时流场的变化区域,划分抽水井群影响范围.运用DRATIE模型对研究区进行脆弱性评价,绘制研究区地下水脆弱性分区图,并根据用水趋势进行脆弱性情景分析.结果表明:研究区地下水脆弱性主要为较低、中、较高3个级别;河漫滩和阶地区域较易受到污染,抽水井群影响范围内脆弱性为中等,1号井群每口井抽水量不宜超过3.23×10~(-2)m~3/s,2号井群每口井抽水量不宜超过4.00×10~(-2)m~3/s;其余地区较不易受到污染.研究显示,应严格控制水源地抽水量,以防阿什河水体倒灌;合理分配1、2号井群抽水量,可减小水源地脆弱性范围和等级.
In order to identify the vulnerable areas of groundwater in Ashi River Basinto provide scientific basis for groundwater protection,a DRATIE model suitable for vulnerability assessment of the area was proposed. The indicator system of DRATIE was composed by the scope of effect of pumping well group and the five factors of DRASTIC( excluding the difference soil types and hydraulic conductivity),while considering the characteristics of Ashi River Basin. The scope of effect of the pumping well group could be determined by between the simulated groundwater flow fields with and without pumping. The DRATIE model was applied to the study area,and a groundwater vulnerability zoning map was developed by the evaluation results. Groundwater vulnerability with increasing pump discharge was also analyzed under different scenarios. The results demonstrated that the groundwater vulnerability mainly ranked as relatively low,medium and relatively high in the area. The vulnerability grade in the scope of effect of pumping well group was medium,and pumping rate per well in the No. 1 and No. 2 well groups should not be more than 3. 23 × 10- 2and 4. 00 × 10- 2m3/s respectively. The flood plain and terrace area were easily polluted,while the remaining areas were not. The results indicated that pumping rate should be strictly controlled in case water in Ashi River flows backwards; and vulnerable range and level of groundwater source area could be reduced by appropriately allocating the pumping rate of the No. 1 and No. 2well groups.
In order to identify the vulnerable areas of groundwater in Ashi River Basinto provide scientific basis for groundwater protection,a DRATIE model suitable for vulnerability assessment of the area was proposed. The indicator system of DRATIE was composed by the scope of effect of pumping well group and the five factors of DRASTIC( excluding the difference soil types and hydraulic conductivity),while considering the characteristics of Ashi River Basin. The scope of effect of the pumping well group could be determined by between the simulated groundwater flow fields with and without pumping. The DRATIE model was applied to the study area,and a groundwater vulnerability zoning map was developed by the evaluation results. Groundwater vulnerability with increasing pump discharge was also analyzed under different scenarios. The results demonstrated that the groundwater vulnerability mainly ranked as relatively low,medium and relatively high in the area. The vulnerability grade in the scope of effect of pumping well group was medium,and pumping rate per well in the No. 1 and No. 2 well groups should not be more than 3. 23 × 10- 2and 4. 00 × 10- 2m3/s respectively. The flood plain and terrace area were easily polluted,while the remaining areas were not. The results indicated that pumping rate should be strictly controlled in case water in Ashi River flows backwards; and vulnerable range and level of groundwater source area could be reduced by appropriately allocating the pumping rate of the No. 1 and No. 2well groups.
引文
[1]NOURI J,MALMASI S.The role of groundwater vulnerability in urban development planning[J].American Journal of Environmental Sciences,2005,1(1):16-21.
[2]RUPERT M G.Improvements to the DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability mapping method[R].Idaho:U.S.Geological Survey Contributing Office,1999.
[3]ROSIN K G,KAUR R,SINGH S D,et al.Groundwater vulnerability to contaminated irrigation waters:a case of peri-urban agricultural lands around an industrial district of Haryana,India[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2013,18:200-210.
[4]GEMITZI A,PETALAS C,TSIHRINTZIS V A,et al.Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution:a combination of GIS,fuzzy logic and decision making techniques[J].Environmental Geology,2006,49(5):653-673.
[5]MURRAY K S,ROGERS D T.Groundwater vulnerability,brownfield redevelopment and land use planning[J].Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1999,42(42):801-810.
[6]张昕,蒋晓东,张龙.地下水脆弱性评价方法与研究进展[J].地质与资源,2010,19(3):253-258.ZHANG Xin,JIANG Xiaodong,ZHANG Long.Methods and research progress of groundwater vulnerability assessment[J].Geology and Resources,2010,19(3):253-258.
[7]魏兴萍,蒲俊兵,赵纯勇.基于修正RISKE模型的重庆岩溶地区地下水脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):589-596.WEI Xingping,PU Junbing,ZHAO Chunyong.Assessment of karst groundwater vulnerability in Chongqing based on revised RISKE model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(3):589-596.
[8]马金珠,高前兆.干旱区地下水脆弱性特征及评价方法探讨[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(1):44-49.MA Jinzhu,GAO Qianzhao.Groundwater vulnerability and its assessment method in the arid land of NW China[J].Arid Land Geography,2003,26(1):44-49.
[9]蒋方媛,郭清海.大型新生代断陷盆地的浅层地下水的脆弱性评价:以山西太原盆地为例[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(2):97-102.JIANG Fangyuan,GUO Qinghai.Vulnerability of shallow groundwater of large-scale cenozoicfaulted basin:acase study at Taiyuan Basin,Shanxi Province,Northern China[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2008,27(2):97-102.
[10]付素蓉,王焰新,蔡鹤生,等.城市地下水污染敏感性分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(5):482-486.FU Surong,WANG Yanxin,CAI Hesheng,et al.Vulnerability to contamination of groundwater in urban regions[J].Earth ScienceJournal of China University of Geosciences,2000,25(5):482-486.
[11]王丽红,王开章,李晓,等.地下水水源地脆弱性评价研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(11):22-25.WANG Lihong,WANG Kaizhang,LI Xiao,et al.Research on the assessment of groundwater source vulnerability[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2008(11):22-25.
[12]王红旗,陈美阳,李仙波.顺义区地下水水源地脆弱性评价[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(4):755-758.WANG Hongqi,CHEN Meiyang,LI Xianbo.Vulnerability evaluation of groundwater source in Shunyi County[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2009,3(4):755-758.
[13]赵丰昌.傍河型水源区地下水脆弱性评价方法研究:以浑河冲洪积扇沈阳段为例[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013:34-51.
[14]VISSER A,BROERS H P,PURTSCHERT R,et al.Groundwater age distributions at a public drinking water supply well field derived from multiple age tracers(Kr-85,H-3/He-3,and Ar-39)[J].Water Resources Research,2013,49(11):7778-7796.
[15]YU Cheng,YAO Yingying,CAO Guoliang,et al.A field demonstration of groundwater vulnerability assessment using transport modeling and groundwater age modeling,Beijing Plain,China[J].Environmental Earth Science,2015,73(9):5245-5253.
[16]FRIND E O,MOLSON J W,RUDOLPH D L.Well vulnerability:a quantitative approach for source water protection[J].Ground Water,2006,44(5):732-742.
[17]HUAN Huan,WANG Jinsheng,TENG Yanguo.Assessment and validation of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate based on a modified DRASTIC model:a case study in Jilin City of northeast China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,440(3):14-23.
[18]SHIRAZI S M,IMRAN H M,AKIB S.GIS-based DRASTIC method for groundwater vulnerability assessment:a review[J].Journal of Risk Research,2012,15(8):1-21.
[19]WANG Rui,BIAN Jianmin,GAO Yue.Research on hydrochemical spatio-temporal characteristics of groundwater quality of different aquifer systems in Songhua River Basin,eastern Songnen Plain,Northeast China[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2014,7(12):5081-5092.
[20]BAI Liping,WANG Yeyao,MENG Fansheng.Application of DRASTIC and extension theory in the groundwater vulnerability evaluation[J].Water and Environment Journal,2012,26(3):381-391.
[21]ALRAWABDEH A M,ALANSARI N A,ALTAANI A A,et al.A GIS-based drastic model for assessing aquifer vulnerability in Amman-Zerqa Groundwater Basin,Jordan[J].Engineering,2013,5(5):490-504.
[22]BABIKER I S,MOHAMED M A A,HIYAMA T,et al.A GIS-based DRASTIC model for assessing aquifer vulnerability in Kakamigahara Heights,Gifu Prefecture,central Japan[J].Science of the Total Environment,2005,345(1/2/3):127-140.
[23]鄂建,孙爱荣,钟新永.DRASTIC模型的缺陷与改进方法探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(1):102-107.E Jian,SUN Airong,ZHONG Xinyong.Inadequacies of DRASTIC model and discussion of improvement[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2010,37(1):102-107.
[24]刘香,王洁,邵传青,等.城市地下水脆弱性评价方法及应用[J].地下水,2007,29(5):90-92.LIU Xiang,WANG Jie,SHAO Chuanqing,et al.Groundwater vulnerability assessment in urban area[J].Ground Water(China),2007,29(5):90-92.
[25]LEHRJ H.An empirical model study of cones of depression produced by pumping wells[J].Ground Water,1964,2(3):10-15.
[26]KOLDITZ O,BAUER S,BILKE L,et al.Open Geo Sys:an opensource initiative for numerical simulation of thermo-hydro-mechanical/chemical(THM/C)processesin porous media[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(2):589-599.
[27]SENER E,DAVRAZ A.Assessment of groundwater vulnerability based on a modied DRASTIC model,GIS and an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method:the case of Egirdir Lake basin(Isparta,Turkey)[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2013,21(3):701-714.
[28]HALLAQ A H A,ELAISH B S A.Assessment of aquifer vulnerability to contamination in Khanyounis Governorate,Gaza Strip:palestine,using the DRASTIC model within GIS environment[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2012,5(4):833-847.
[29]吴晓娟,孙根年,薛亮.西安市地下水污染敏感性分析研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(8):31-36.WU Xiaojuan,SUN Gennian,XUE Liang.Analysis on groundwater vulnerability:a case study in Xi'an City,China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(8):31-36.
[30]闫雅妮,王妍妍,郑倩琳,等.地下水硝酸盐特殊脆弱性评价:以沙颍河流域为例[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(8):234-243.YAN Yani,WANG Yanyan,ZHENG Qianlin,et al.Assessment of groundwater nitrate specific vulnerability:acase study in Shaying River Basin[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2015,38(8):234-243.
[31]RAHMAN A.A GIS based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in shallow aquifer in Aligarh,India[J].Applied Geography,2008,28(1):32-53.
[2]RUPERT M G.Improvements to the DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability mapping method[R].Idaho:U.S.Geological Survey Contributing Office,1999.
[3]ROSIN K G,KAUR R,SINGH S D,et al.Groundwater vulnerability to contaminated irrigation waters:a case of peri-urban agricultural lands around an industrial district of Haryana,India[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2013,18:200-210.
[4]GEMITZI A,PETALAS C,TSIHRINTZIS V A,et al.Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution:a combination of GIS,fuzzy logic and decision making techniques[J].Environmental Geology,2006,49(5):653-673.
[5]MURRAY K S,ROGERS D T.Groundwater vulnerability,brownfield redevelopment and land use planning[J].Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,1999,42(42):801-810.
[6]张昕,蒋晓东,张龙.地下水脆弱性评价方法与研究进展[J].地质与资源,2010,19(3):253-258.ZHANG Xin,JIANG Xiaodong,ZHANG Long.Methods and research progress of groundwater vulnerability assessment[J].Geology and Resources,2010,19(3):253-258.
[7]魏兴萍,蒲俊兵,赵纯勇.基于修正RISKE模型的重庆岩溶地区地下水脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):589-596.WEI Xingping,PU Junbing,ZHAO Chunyong.Assessment of karst groundwater vulnerability in Chongqing based on revised RISKE model[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(3):589-596.
[8]马金珠,高前兆.干旱区地下水脆弱性特征及评价方法探讨[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(1):44-49.MA Jinzhu,GAO Qianzhao.Groundwater vulnerability and its assessment method in the arid land of NW China[J].Arid Land Geography,2003,26(1):44-49.
[9]蒋方媛,郭清海.大型新生代断陷盆地的浅层地下水的脆弱性评价:以山西太原盆地为例[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(2):97-102.JIANG Fangyuan,GUO Qinghai.Vulnerability of shallow groundwater of large-scale cenozoicfaulted basin:acase study at Taiyuan Basin,Shanxi Province,Northern China[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2008,27(2):97-102.
[10]付素蓉,王焰新,蔡鹤生,等.城市地下水污染敏感性分析[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(5):482-486.FU Surong,WANG Yanxin,CAI Hesheng,et al.Vulnerability to contamination of groundwater in urban regions[J].Earth ScienceJournal of China University of Geosciences,2000,25(5):482-486.
[11]王丽红,王开章,李晓,等.地下水水源地脆弱性评价研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(11):22-25.WANG Lihong,WANG Kaizhang,LI Xiao,et al.Research on the assessment of groundwater source vulnerability[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2008(11):22-25.
[12]王红旗,陈美阳,李仙波.顺义区地下水水源地脆弱性评价[J].环境工程学报,2009,3(4):755-758.WANG Hongqi,CHEN Meiyang,LI Xianbo.Vulnerability evaluation of groundwater source in Shunyi County[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2009,3(4):755-758.
[13]赵丰昌.傍河型水源区地下水脆弱性评价方法研究:以浑河冲洪积扇沈阳段为例[D].北京:中国地质大学,2013:34-51.
[14]VISSER A,BROERS H P,PURTSCHERT R,et al.Groundwater age distributions at a public drinking water supply well field derived from multiple age tracers(Kr-85,H-3/He-3,and Ar-39)[J].Water Resources Research,2013,49(11):7778-7796.
[15]YU Cheng,YAO Yingying,CAO Guoliang,et al.A field demonstration of groundwater vulnerability assessment using transport modeling and groundwater age modeling,Beijing Plain,China[J].Environmental Earth Science,2015,73(9):5245-5253.
[16]FRIND E O,MOLSON J W,RUDOLPH D L.Well vulnerability:a quantitative approach for source water protection[J].Ground Water,2006,44(5):732-742.
[17]HUAN Huan,WANG Jinsheng,TENG Yanguo.Assessment and validation of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate based on a modified DRASTIC model:a case study in Jilin City of northeast China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,440(3):14-23.
[18]SHIRAZI S M,IMRAN H M,AKIB S.GIS-based DRASTIC method for groundwater vulnerability assessment:a review[J].Journal of Risk Research,2012,15(8):1-21.
[19]WANG Rui,BIAN Jianmin,GAO Yue.Research on hydrochemical spatio-temporal characteristics of groundwater quality of different aquifer systems in Songhua River Basin,eastern Songnen Plain,Northeast China[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2014,7(12):5081-5092.
[20]BAI Liping,WANG Yeyao,MENG Fansheng.Application of DRASTIC and extension theory in the groundwater vulnerability evaluation[J].Water and Environment Journal,2012,26(3):381-391.
[21]ALRAWABDEH A M,ALANSARI N A,ALTAANI A A,et al.A GIS-based drastic model for assessing aquifer vulnerability in Amman-Zerqa Groundwater Basin,Jordan[J].Engineering,2013,5(5):490-504.
[22]BABIKER I S,MOHAMED M A A,HIYAMA T,et al.A GIS-based DRASTIC model for assessing aquifer vulnerability in Kakamigahara Heights,Gifu Prefecture,central Japan[J].Science of the Total Environment,2005,345(1/2/3):127-140.
[23]鄂建,孙爱荣,钟新永.DRASTIC模型的缺陷与改进方法探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2010,37(1):102-107.E Jian,SUN Airong,ZHONG Xinyong.Inadequacies of DRASTIC model and discussion of improvement[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2010,37(1):102-107.
[24]刘香,王洁,邵传青,等.城市地下水脆弱性评价方法及应用[J].地下水,2007,29(5):90-92.LIU Xiang,WANG Jie,SHAO Chuanqing,et al.Groundwater vulnerability assessment in urban area[J].Ground Water(China),2007,29(5):90-92.
[25]LEHRJ H.An empirical model study of cones of depression produced by pumping wells[J].Ground Water,1964,2(3):10-15.
[26]KOLDITZ O,BAUER S,BILKE L,et al.Open Geo Sys:an opensource initiative for numerical simulation of thermo-hydro-mechanical/chemical(THM/C)processesin porous media[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2012,67(2):589-599.
[27]SENER E,DAVRAZ A.Assessment of groundwater vulnerability based on a modied DRASTIC model,GIS and an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)method:the case of Egirdir Lake basin(Isparta,Turkey)[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2013,21(3):701-714.
[28]HALLAQ A H A,ELAISH B S A.Assessment of aquifer vulnerability to contamination in Khanyounis Governorate,Gaza Strip:palestine,using the DRASTIC model within GIS environment[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2012,5(4):833-847.
[29]吴晓娟,孙根年,薛亮.西安市地下水污染敏感性分析研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(8):31-36.WU Xiaojuan,SUN Gennian,XUE Liang.Analysis on groundwater vulnerability:a case study in Xi'an City,China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(8):31-36.
[30]闫雅妮,王妍妍,郑倩琳,等.地下水硝酸盐特殊脆弱性评价:以沙颍河流域为例[J].环境科学与技术,2015,38(8):234-243.YAN Yani,WANG Yanyan,ZHENG Qianlin,et al.Assessment of groundwater nitrate specific vulnerability:acase study in Shaying River Basin[J].Environmental Science&Technology(China),2015,38(8):234-243.
[31]RAHMAN A.A GIS based DRASTIC model for assessing groundwater vulnerability in shallow aquifer in Aligarh,India[J].Applied Geography,2008,28(1):32-53.