垃圾填埋场地下水污染风险分级评价
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摘要
为了更有针对性地解决垃圾填埋场造成的地下水污染问题,有利于分级管理及合理安排资源,构建包括垃圾填埋场特征、含水层脆弱性和受体暴露情况的风险评价指标体系,使用AHP(层次分析法)确定各指标的权重,采用加权求和的方法计算垃圾填埋场地下水污染风险指数,并将垃圾填埋场的地下水风险分为"低""中""高"三级,针对不同风险等级提出相应的管理建议.以北天堂垃圾填埋场的4个填埋地块为例,运用所构建的风险评价模型对其进行风险评价.结果表明:4个填埋地块的风险指数分别为5.307、5.845、7.001和7.413.位于东北部和北部的填埋地块1和2风险等级为"中",位于西北部和南部的地块3和4风险等级为"高".研究显示,通过垃圾填埋场地下水污染风险评价体系,可以识别出填埋场污染的关键环节,对风险等级为高、已经造成污染的填埋场污染提出有针对性的治理和修复措施,对风险等级为低和中的填埋场,制订相应的监测和管理方案,防止污染发生.
Landfills could cause serious groundwater pollution. Groundwater risk assessment for waste landfills could recognize the hazard status of groundwater and surroundings,and benefits level-to-level administration and intelligently resources usage. It could help solving the groundwater pollution caused by waste landfills specifically. Based on the factors of groundwater pollution,a risk assessment index system including landfill characteristic,aquifer vulnerability and exposure of evaluation objects was established. Analytical hierarchy process( AHP) was used to determine weights of each evaluation index,and sum operation with confident was used to calculate the risk index of groundwater pollution for landfills. According to the calculation results,risk of groundwater pollution was graded in low,medium and high levels,and management suggestions was put forward according to the different levels. Four landfills in Beitiantang were studied to evaluate the pollution risk using risk assessment. The four landfills' risk indexes are 5. 307,5. 845,7. 001 and 7. 413. The result showed that the risk level of the northeast landfill 1 and northern landfill 2 were medium,and the northwest landfill 3 and the south landfill 4 were high.
Landfills could cause serious groundwater pollution. Groundwater risk assessment for waste landfills could recognize the hazard status of groundwater and surroundings,and benefits level-to-level administration and intelligently resources usage. It could help solving the groundwater pollution caused by waste landfills specifically. Based on the factors of groundwater pollution,a risk assessment index system including landfill characteristic,aquifer vulnerability and exposure of evaluation objects was established. Analytical hierarchy process( AHP) was used to determine weights of each evaluation index,and sum operation with confident was used to calculate the risk index of groundwater pollution for landfills. According to the calculation results,risk of groundwater pollution was graded in low,medium and high levels,and management suggestions was put forward according to the different levels. Four landfills in Beitiantang were studied to evaluate the pollution risk using risk assessment. The four landfills' risk indexes are 5. 307,5. 845,7. 001 and 7. 413. The result showed that the risk level of the northeast landfill 1 and northern landfill 2 were medium,and the northwest landfill 3 and the south landfill 4 were high.
引文
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[25]Petra Radeljak Kaufmann.Integrating factor analysis and the delphi method in scenario development:a case study of Dalmatia,Croatia[J].Applied Geography,2016,71:56-68.
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[27]李连香,许迪,程先军,等.基于分层构权主成分分析的皖北地下水水质评价研究[J].资源科学,2015,37(1):61-67.LI Lianxiang,XU Di,CHENG Xianjun,et al.Groundwater quality assessment in northern anhui based on multi-layer weighted principal component analysis[J].Resources Science,2015,37(1):61-67.
[28]ZOU Zhihong,YUN Yi,SUN Jingnan.Entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating indicators in fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2006,18(5):1020-1023.
[29]李艳萍,乔琦,柴发合,等.基于层次分析法的工业园区环境风险评价指标权重分析[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(3):334-340.LI Yanping,QIAO Qi,CHAI Fahe,et al.Study on environmental risk assessment index weight of industrial park based on the analytic hierarchy process[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(3):334-340.
[30]卢仲达,张江山.层次分析法在环境风险评价中的应用[J].环境科学导刊,2007,26(3):79-81.LU Zhongda,ZHANG Jiangshan.Application of analytic hierarchy process on environmental risk assessment[J].Environmental Science Survey,2007,26(3):79-81.
[31]李崧,邱微,赵庆良,等.层次分析法应用于黑龙江省生态环境质量评价研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(5):1031-1034.LI Song,QIU Wei,ZHAO Qingliang,et al.Applying analytical hierarchy process to assess eco-environment quality of heilongjiang province[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(5):1031-1034.
[32]黄栋.北京市平原区地下水脆弱性研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2009.
[2]NAS.Risk assessment in the federal government:managing the process[M].Washington DC:Nation Academy Press,1983.
[3]MOONJIN L,JUNG Y J.Pollution risk assessment of oil spill accidents in garorim bay of Korea[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,100(1):297-303.
[4]GLENN W S ll,THEO V,WAYNE R M,et al.Framework for the integration of health and ecological risk assessment[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2003,9(1):281-301.
[5]李志萍,谢振华,林健.地下水污染风险评价指标体系及方法探讨[J].黑龙江水专学报,2010,37(3):115-117.LI Zhiping,XIE Zhenhua,LIN Jian.A discussion of groundwater pollution risk assessment index system and methods[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Hydraulic Engineering College,2010,37(3):115-117.
[6]洪梅,张博,李卉,等.生活垃圾填埋场对地下水污染的风险评价:以北京北天堂垃圾填埋场为例[J].环境污染与防治,2011,33(3):88-91.
[7]张云龙,何佼.垃圾填埋场地下水污染风险评价研究[J].资源节约与环保,2016(2):144-145.
[8]张泰丽,冯小铭,刘红樱,等.基于DRASTIC的丽水市地下水防污性能评价[J].地球与环境,2012,40(1):115-120.ZHANG Taili,FENG Xiaoming,LIU Hongying,et al.Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in lishui city based on DRASTIC[J].Earth and Environment,2012,40(1):115-120.
[9]MUHEEB M A,RASHEED A J.Evaluation of aquifer vulnerability to contamination in the Yarmouk River basin,Jordan,based on DRASTIC method[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2010,3:273-282.
[10]刘增超.简易垃圾填埋场地下水污染风险评价方法研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.
[11]张伯强,高柏,安达.基于跌置指数法的危险废物填埋场地下水污染风险评价[J].广东化工,2016,43(9):167-170.ZHANG Boqiang,GAO Bai,AN Da.Contamination risk assessment of groundwater in the landfill of hazardous waste based on the overlay and i Index methods[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2016,43(9):167-170.
[12]杨彦,于云江,王宗庆,等.区域地下水污染风险评价方法研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):653-661.YANG Yan,YU Yunjiang,WANG Zongqing,et al.Study on the risk assessment method of regional groundwater pollution[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(2):653-661.
[13]RAPTI C,FRANCESCO S,SALVATORE M.Pollution risk assessment based on hydrogeological data and management of solid waste landfills[J].Engineering Geology,2006,85:122-131.
[14]赵丽娜,张丹,朱帅,等.简易垃圾填埋场对地下水污染风险的影响因子分析和评价指标构建[C]//中国环境科学学会.中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014:3363-3371.
[15]建设部.ZBBZH/CS/1城市生活垃圾卫生填埋处理工程项目建设标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.
[16]住房和城乡建设部.GB 50869—2013城市生活垃圾卫生填埋处理技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[17]环境保护部.GB 16889—2008生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008.
[18]寇文杰,陈忠荣,林健.不同垃圾场地类型地下水污染风险评价[J].人民黄河,2013,35(1):42-44.KOU Wenjie,CHEN Zhongrong,LIN Jian.Pollution risk assessment of groundwater below different types of garbage site[J].Yellow River,2013,35(1):42-44.
[19]ALLER L,BENNET T,LEHR J H,et al.DRASTIC:A standardized system for evaluating ground water pollution potential using hydrogeological settings[M].Ada(Oklahoma):US EPA,1987.
[20]ERHAN S,SEHNAZ S,AYSEN D.Assessment of aquifer vulnerability based on GIS and DRASTIC methods:a case study of the Senirkent-Uluborlu Basin(Isparta,Turkey)[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2009,17(8):2023-2035.
[21]杨国民,祁福利.DRASTIC地下水脆弱性评价方法及其应用:以阜新盆地为例[J].黑龙江水专学报,2010,37(2):45-47.YANG Guomin,DENG Fuli.Groundwater vulnerability assessment with DRASTIC method and its application in fuxin basin[J].Journal of Heilongjiang Hydraulic Engineering College,2010,37(2):45-47.
[22]杨庆,栾茂田.地下水易污性评价方法:DRASTIC指标体系[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,(26)2:4-9.YANG Qing,LUAN Maotian.An assessment method of groundwater vulnerability to potlution DRASTIC index system[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1999,26(2):4-9.
[23]钟秀,马腾,刘林,等.地下水饮用水源地污染源风险等级评价方法研究[J].安全与环境工程,2014,(21)2:104-108.ZHONG Xiu,MA Teng,LIU Lin,et al.Method research on the risk level evaluation of contamination sources for drinking groundwater wellhead[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2014,(21)2:104-108.
[24]李春萍,李国学,罗一鸣,等.北京市6座垃圾填埋场地下水环境质量的模糊评价[J].环境科学,2008,29(10):2729-2735.LI Chunping,LI Guoxue,LUO Yiming,et al.Fuzzy mathematicsbased groundwater quality evaluation of six MSW landfills in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(10):2729-2735.
[25]Petra Radeljak Kaufmann.Integrating factor analysis and the delphi method in scenario development:a case study of Dalmatia,Croatia[J].Applied Geography,2016,71:56-68.
[26]王力敏.北方垃圾填埋场渗漏对地下水污染的风险评价研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2013.
[27]李连香,许迪,程先军,等.基于分层构权主成分分析的皖北地下水水质评价研究[J].资源科学,2015,37(1):61-67.LI Lianxiang,XU Di,CHENG Xianjun,et al.Groundwater quality assessment in northern anhui based on multi-layer weighted principal component analysis[J].Resources Science,2015,37(1):61-67.
[28]ZOU Zhihong,YUN Yi,SUN Jingnan.Entropy method for determination of weight of evaluating indicators in fuzzy synthetic evaluation for water quality assessment[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2006,18(5):1020-1023.
[29]李艳萍,乔琦,柴发合,等.基于层次分析法的工业园区环境风险评价指标权重分析[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(3):334-340.LI Yanping,QIAO Qi,CHAI Fahe,et al.Study on environmental risk assessment index weight of industrial park based on the analytic hierarchy process[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(3):334-340.
[30]卢仲达,张江山.层次分析法在环境风险评价中的应用[J].环境科学导刊,2007,26(3):79-81.LU Zhongda,ZHANG Jiangshan.Application of analytic hierarchy process on environmental risk assessment[J].Environmental Science Survey,2007,26(3):79-81.
[31]李崧,邱微,赵庆良,等.层次分析法应用于黑龙江省生态环境质量评价研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(5):1031-1034.LI Song,QIU Wei,ZHAO Qingliang,et al.Applying analytical hierarchy process to assess eco-environment quality of heilongjiang province[J].Environmental Science,2006,27(5):1031-1034.
[32]黄栋.北京市平原区地下水脆弱性研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2009.