渗透性反应墙技术修复地下水硝酸盐污染的研究进展
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摘要
论述了渗透性反应墙(permeable reactive barrier,PRB)技术的原理及其在地下水硝酸盐污染修复中的应用现状。针对PRB技术类型进行了回顾,介绍了PRB技术中常用的还原型、吸附型、沉淀型和降解型4类介质材料以及PRB技术修复地下水硝酸盐污染的效果。着重讨论了降解型PRB技术在修复地下水硝酸盐污染时所添加的有机碳源、微生物种类对修复效果的影响;分析了PRB运行过程中存在的问题及未来可能的发展方向;指出了应用PRB技术修复地下水硝酸盐污染时要注意的问题,如碳源和细菌易导致地下水二次污染,修复过程中介质易堵塞,碳源释放速率不易控制,硝酸盐向PRB底部沉积不易去除。提出在加强PRB反应机理研究的基础上,可通过PRB与植物修复技术结合,解决PRB运行中存在的问题。
The principle of permeable reactive barrier( PRB) and its application status in the process of groundwater nitrate pollution remediation were reviewed. Four frequently-used types of PRB,including reducing,absorbing,precipitating and degradable PRBs,were reviewed,and the effect of PRB technique on nitrate pollution in groundwater was discussed. The impact of organic carbon sources types and microorganism species which were added to the degradable PRB on the remediation effect of ground water nitrate pollution was especially discussed,and the problems existing in the operation and the future possible development direction of PRB was analyzed.Problems that should be noticed when applying PRB technology to groundwater nitrate pollution remediation,such as the secondary pollution caused by the employ of carbon sources and bacteria,the filter medium clogging in the repairing process,the uncontrollability of carbon source release rate,and the nitrate deposition to the bottom of the PRB that was difficult to remove,were pointed out. On the basis of strengthening reaction mechanism research,combining phytoremediation with PRB technology could solve the above problems.
The principle of permeable reactive barrier( PRB) and its application status in the process of groundwater nitrate pollution remediation were reviewed. Four frequently-used types of PRB,including reducing,absorbing,precipitating and degradable PRBs,were reviewed,and the effect of PRB technique on nitrate pollution in groundwater was discussed. The impact of organic carbon sources types and microorganism species which were added to the degradable PRB on the remediation effect of ground water nitrate pollution was especially discussed,and the problems existing in the operation and the future possible development direction of PRB was analyzed.Problems that should be noticed when applying PRB technology to groundwater nitrate pollution remediation,such as the secondary pollution caused by the employ of carbon sources and bacteria,the filter medium clogging in the repairing process,the uncontrollability of carbon source release rate,and the nitrate deposition to the bottom of the PRB that was difficult to remove,were pointed out. On the basis of strengthening reaction mechanism research,combining phytoremediation with PRB technology could solve the above problems.
引文
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[2]蓝梅,董萌,吴宏举.地下水硝酸盐氮污染原位修复研究进展[J].工业水处理,2015,35(8):15-17.LAN M,DONG M,WU H J.Research progress in-situ remediation technology of groundwater nitrate nitrogen pollution[J].Industrial Water Treatment,2015,35(8):15-17.
[3]GU B,PHELPS T J,DICKEY M J,et al.Biogeochemical dynamics in zero-valent iron columns:implications for permeable reactive barriers[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1999,33(13):2170-2177.
[4]HOSSEINI S M,ATAIE-ASHTIANI B,KHOLGHI M.Benchscaled nano-Fe0permeable reactive barrier for nitrate removal[J].Ground Water Monitoring&Remediation,2011,31(4):82-94.
[5]骆其金,谌建宇,黄荣新,等.可渗透反应墙材料除氮实验研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(增刊1):98-102.LUO Q J,CHEN J Y,HUANG R X,et al.Nitrogen removal study of scrap iron in permeable reactive barriers[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(Suppl 1):98-102.
[6]邓一荣,林挺,肖荣波,等.EKR-PRB耦合技术在污染场地修复中的应用研究进展[J].环境工程,2015(10):152-157.DENG Y R,LIN T,XIAO R B,et al.Recent advances in the application of EKR-PRB in contaminated site remediation[J].Environmental Engineering,2015(10):152-157.
[7]杨丽娟,刘贯群,穆来旺,等.地下水硝酸盐原位修复技术研究进展[J].水资源保护,2012,28(5):60-65.YANG L J,LIU G Q,MU L W,et al.Research progress in technologies for insitu remediation of nitrate in groundwater[J].Water Resources Protection,2012,28(5):60-65.
[8]张琳,张丽娜,陈禹娜,等.渗透性反应墙去除地下水中硝酸盐的试验研究[J].天津理工大学学报,2014,30(6):61-64.ZHANG L,ZHENG L N,CHEN Y N,et al.Experimental study on removal of nitrate in groundwater with PRB[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Technology,2014,30(6):61-64.
[9]李同燕,李文奇,胡伟武,等.玉米秆碳源去除地下水硝酸盐[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(9):4245-4251.LI T Y,LI W Q,HU W W,et al.Performances of biodenitrfication using maize stalks as carbon source for nitratecontaminated groundwater in-situ remediation[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(9):4245-4251.
[10]李洪艺,张澄博,邱锦安,等.可渗透反应障中微生物堵塞作用的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(20):10545-10548.
[11]ROCCA C D,BELGIORNO V,MERIC S.Heterotrophic/autotrophic denitrification(HAD)of drinking water:prospective use for permeable reactive barrier[J].Desalination,2007,210(1/2/3):194-204.
[12]MOON H S,AHN K H,LEE S,et al.Use of autotrophic sulfuroxidizers to remove nitrate from bank filtrate in a permeable reaetive barrier system[J].Environmental Pollution,2004,129:499-507.
[13]LUDWIG R D,SMYTH D J A,BLOWES D W,et al.Treatment of arsenic,heavy metals,and acidity using mixed ZVI-compost PRB[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(6):1970-1976.
[14]PHILLIPS D H,NOOTEN T V,BASTIAENS L,et al.Ten year performance evaluation of a field-scale zero-valent iron permeable reactive barrier installed to remediate trichloroethene contaminated groundwater[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(10):3861-3869.
[15]宗芳,赵勇胜,董军,等.混合PRB介质处理渗滤液污染地下水的可行性研究[J].世界地质,2006,25(2):182-186.ZONG F,ZHAO Y S,DONG J,et al.Study on feasibility of mixture PRB media in remediation of contaminated groundwater by leachate[J].Global Geology,2006,25(2):182-186.
[16]杨维,王立东,杨军锋,等.PRB技术对PCBs及重金属污染地下水的试验研究[J].环境保护科学,2007,33(2):15-18.YANG W,WANG L D,YANG J F,et al.Experimental study on using PRB to treat groundwater polluted by PCBs and heavy metal[J].Environmental Protection Science,2007,33(2):15-18.
[17]董军,赵勇胜,赵晓波,等.垃圾渗滤液对地下水污染的PRB原位处理技术[J].环境科学,2003,24(5):151-156.DONG J,ZHAO Y S,ZHAO X B,et al.PRB technology in situ remediation of groundwater polluted by landfill leachate[J].Environmental Science,2003,24(5):151-156.
[18]董军,赵勇胜.用双层PRB技术处理垃圾填埋场地下水污染的可行性研究[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(6):1021-1026.DONG J,ZHAO Y S.The feasibility study of using double layer PRB technology in remediation of groundwater pollution in landfill site[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2004,24(6):1021-1026.
[19]WESTERHOFF P.Reduction of nitrate,bromate,and chlorate by zero valent iron(Fe0)[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2003,129(1):10-16.
[20]朱华跃,林湘文,蒋茹,等.交联壳聚糖/活性炭复配吸附剂对硝酸盐氮的吸附[J].西北农业学院,2008,17(6):334-337.ZHU H Y,LIN X W,JIANG R,et al.Study on adsorption of nitrate by crosslinked chitosan/activated carbon compound adsorbent[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2008,17(6):334-337.
[21]杨胜科,王文科,李翔,等.沸石去除地下水中氨氮的影响因素分析及作用机理探讨[J].西安工程学院学报,2000,9(22):70-72.
[22]李军,姚松涛,冯雷,等.Fe0-沸石去处水中硝酸盐的试验[J].沈阳建筑大学学报,2011,27(3):564-568.LI J,YAO S T,FENG L,et al.Study on removal of nitrate from water by Fe0and Zeolitet[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),2011,27(3):564-568.
[23]BLOWES D W,PTACEK C J,BENNER S G,et al.Treatment of inorganic contaminants using permeablereactive barriers[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2000,45:123-137.
[24]王珍,张增强,唐次来,等.生物-化学联合法去处地下水中硝酸盐.[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(9):1839-1846.WANG Z,ZHANG Z Q,TANG C L,et al.Acombination biological and chemical approach for nitrate removal from groundwater[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2008,28(9):1839-1846.
[25]FERNANDEZ-NAVA Y,MARANN E,SOONS J,et al.Denitrification of high nitrate concentration wastewater using alternative carbon sources[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,173(1/2/3):682-688.
[26]GALA,DOSTA J,MATA-LVAREZ J.Use of hydrolyzed primary sludge as internal carbon source for denitrification in a SBR treating reject water via nitrite[J].Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2006,45(22):7661-7666.
[27]ALKALAY D,GUERRERO L,LEMA J M,et al.Review:anaerobic treatment of municipal sanitary landfill leachatest:the problem of refractory and toxic components[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,1998,14(3):309-320.
[28]蔡碧倩.反硝化脱氮补充碳源选择与研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.
[29]CHU L B,WANG J L.Denitrification performance and biofilm characteristics using biodegradable polymers PCL as carriers and carbon source[J].Chemosphere,2013,91(9):1310-1316.
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