岩爆孕育过程研究
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摘要
以岩爆孕育过程为主线,论述了各个方面的最新进展。首先,阐述岩爆的主要类型、4个等级、TBM和钻爆法诱发的岩爆特征、不同岩性发生的岩爆的特征。分析研究岩爆孕育过程的室内岩样试验、室内物理模型试验、数值模拟、现场综合观测、现场监测等技术手段,揭示了不同类型岩爆孕育过程的机制和不同施工方法诱发不同类型岩爆的微震演化规律,讨论岩爆估计方法和基于微震信息的岩爆区域和等级的定量预警方法,给出不同施工方法诱发不同类型岩爆的动态防控技术:开挖优化设计方法、应力释放优化设计方法、吸能支护设计优化方法和动态调控方法,用一个实际工程的岩爆监测预警与动态控制案例,介绍了提出方法的应用效果。最后,讨论了岩爆孕育过程研究的主要发展方向。
Focusing on the development process of rockbursts,new development of key aspects is addressed in this paper. First of all,elaborations were made on rockburst types,intensitiesy gradations,typical features induced by the tunnel boring machine(TBM) or the drilling and blasting(D&B) excavation methods,and characteristics in different rock lithology. Then,various technical means for investigating rockburst development process were analyzed,such as the laboratory block scale experiments,physcial model tests,numerical simulation,comprehensive in situ inspection and field monitoring. The development mechanisms of different rockburst types and the microseismcity evolution laws ofin rockbursts development process induced by different excavation methods were thus revealed. Afterward,the rockburst assessmentestimation methods and the quantitative warning methods of rockburst location and intensity based on the in situ microseismicity data were discussed based on the in situ microseismicity data. Moreover,dynamic prevention and controlling techniques were presented for different rockburst types induced by different excavation methods including the optimized excavation designmethod,optimized stress release design method,optimized energy-absorption support design method and the dynamic control methods. Furthermore,a case study was presented with detail information on rockburst monitoring warning,dynamic control and the applicability of introducing methods. Finally,the future trends on rockburst development process were discussed.
Focusing on the development process of rockbursts,new development of key aspects is addressed in this paper. First of all,elaborations were made on rockburst types,intensitiesy gradations,typical features induced by the tunnel boring machine(TBM) or the drilling and blasting(D&B) excavation methods,and characteristics in different rock lithology. Then,various technical means for investigating rockburst development process were analyzed,such as the laboratory block scale experiments,physcial model tests,numerical simulation,comprehensive in situ inspection and field monitoring. The development mechanisms of different rockburst types and the microseismcity evolution laws ofin rockbursts development process induced by different excavation methods were thus revealed. Afterward,the rockburst assessmentestimation methods and the quantitative warning methods of rockburst location and intensity based on the in situ microseismicity data were discussed based on the in situ microseismicity data. Moreover,dynamic prevention and controlling techniques were presented for different rockburst types induced by different excavation methods including the optimized excavation designmethod,optimized stress release design method,optimized energy-absorption support design method and the dynamic control methods. Furthermore,a case study was presented with detail information on rockburst monitoring warning,dynamic control and the applicability of introducing methods. Finally,the future trends on rockburst development process were discussed.
引文
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