都市女性居民休闲活动偏好、类型及阻碍因素关联研究——以成都市为例
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摘要
为探讨都市女性居民的休闲活动偏好、类型及休闲阻碍与其社会背景因素间的关系,揭示女性生命周期中,社会经济背景因素对其休闲活动偏好的影响及不同休闲类型的女性她们所承受的休闲阻碍差异,在大量文献阅读及多轮专家咨询基础上,构建出都市女性居民休闲活动偏好及阻碍因素调查卷,以成都市年满20岁以上的女性为对象,运用探索性因子分析及K-Mean快速样本聚类法对问卷调查所获得资料进行统计处理.研究发现:①休闲活动偏好集中体现在户外性、知识性、生活性、娱乐性、社交性、艺术性、休息性、竞赛性、亲子性、室内性及运动性等10个方面,以此为依据而获得女性休闲5类型,即自我学习型、—般型、家庭型、社交型消费型;②休闲活动类型与其生命周期及社会成就(敎育程度、职业、每日工作时间)高度相关,其中女性年龄、最小孩子年龄及家庭类型对其休闲选择的影响具有很好一致性;③休闲阻碍主要集中在6个方面,即时间、场地设施、同伴、内在、交通及经济,其中缺乏时间、缺乏设施及缺乏同伴是都市女性的主要休闲障碍,而休闲活动偏好类型与女性内在阻碍、场地设施及同伴阻碍高度相关.研究认为,都市女性休闲活动偏好及类型受其生命周期及社会成就的影响与制约,相关部门应加大场地设施建设布局,提供降低家庭阻碍的相应政策与措施,以促进女性有效从事休闲运动.
To investigate the relationship between leisure activity preferences, type, leisure restricts and their social background, and to reveal the effects of social background factor on leisure activity preferences and difference of several leisure types in urban women. Based on a lot of literature review and several rounds expert advice, the authors constructed urban women residents' leisure activity preferences and restrict survey questionnaire on women over 20 years old in Chengdu. The data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and K-Mean fast clustering method. It has been found that 1) women leisure activity preferences embodied in the 10 areas such as outdoors, knowledge, life, fun, sociability, artistic, leisure, race, parent-child relationship, and indoor sports, etc. urban women in western China, whereby leisure were divided into five categories, namely, self-learning, general type, family type, and the social consumption type; 2) the western urban women leisure activity type of its life-cycle and social achievements(education level, occupation, daily working time) were highly correlated, and women age, the least children age, and family type on leisure choice had better consistency; 3) the western urban women leisure restricts focused on six areas, namely, time, venue facilities, companion, internal, traffic and economic factors, and the lack of time, facilities, and companions were the main restricts to urban women leisure, leisure activity preferences and the type of women inherent restricts, were highly correlated with venues and facilities, and companion restricts. It is concluded that the life cycle, social achievements, and constraints affected the women's leisure activity preference and type, relevant authorities should intensify the construction of venues and facilities layout, and provide reduced family restricts the appropriate policies and measures, and promote women to engage effectively in leisure sports.
To investigate the relationship between leisure activity preferences, type, leisure restricts and their social background, and to reveal the effects of social background factor on leisure activity preferences and difference of several leisure types in urban women. Based on a lot of literature review and several rounds expert advice, the authors constructed urban women residents' leisure activity preferences and restrict survey questionnaire on women over 20 years old in Chengdu. The data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and K-Mean fast clustering method. It has been found that 1) women leisure activity preferences embodied in the 10 areas such as outdoors, knowledge, life, fun, sociability, artistic, leisure, race, parent-child relationship, and indoor sports, etc. urban women in western China, whereby leisure were divided into five categories, namely, self-learning, general type, family type, and the social consumption type; 2) the western urban women leisure activity type of its life-cycle and social achievements(education level, occupation, daily working time) were highly correlated, and women age, the least children age, and family type on leisure choice had better consistency; 3) the western urban women leisure restricts focused on six areas, namely, time, venue facilities, companion, internal, traffic and economic factors, and the lack of time, facilities, and companions were the main restricts to urban women leisure, leisure activity preferences and the type of women inherent restricts, were highly correlated with venues and facilities, and companion restricts. It is concluded that the life cycle, social achievements, and constraints affected the women's leisure activity preference and type, relevant authorities should intensify the construction of venues and facilities layout, and provide reduced family restricts the appropriate policies and measures, and promote women to engage effectively in leisure sports.
引文
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[23] XU C X,ZHU H H,FANG L,et al.Gender Disparity in the Associations of Overweight/obesity with Occupational Activity,Transport To/from Work,Leisure-Time Physical Activity,and Leisure-Time Spent Sitting in Working Adults:A Cross-Sectional Study [J].Journal of Epidemiology,2017,27(9):401-407.
[24] LUPU E,CECILIA G,ELENA S,et al.Education Regarding Addictions and the Impact of Leisure Time Physical Activities Upon the Control of the Addictive Behaviour [J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2014,159:283-287.
[2] TSAUR S H,YEN C H.Work-Leisure Conflict and Its Consequences:Do Generational Differences Matter?[J].Tourism Management,2018,69:121-131.
[3] LEUNG L.Using Tablet in Solitude for Stress Reduction:An Examination of Desire for Aloneness,Leisure Boredom,Tablet Activities,and Location of Use [J].Computers in Human Behavior,2015,48:382-391.
[4] LIN Y S,HUANG W S,YANG C T,et al.Work-Leisure Conflict and Its Associations with Well-Being:The Roles of Social Support,Leisure Participation and Job Burnout [J].Tourism Management,2014,45:244-252.
[5] ROOTH D O.Work out or out of Work—the Labor Market Return to Physical Fitness and Leisure Sports Activities [J].Labour Economics,2011,18(3):399-409.
[6] ZHANG W,FENG Q S,LACANIENTA J,et al.Leisure Participation and Subjective Well-Being:Exploring Gender Differences among Elderly in Shanghai,China [J].Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics,2017,69:45-54.
[7] 张蕾.运动休闲特色小镇:概念、 类型与发展路径.[J].体育科学,2018,38(1):18-26.
[8] 朱诗荟.性别视角下城市居民休闲行为的潜在类别分析——基于CGSS2006的实证分析 [J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2014,36(5):65-72.
[9] SAJIN N B,DAHLAN A,IBRAHIM S A S.Quality of Life and Leisure Participation Amongst Malay Older People in the Institution [J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2016,234:83-89.
[10] LONGO E,BADIA M,BEGO?A ORGAZ M,et al.Comparing Parent and Child Reports of Health-Related Quality of Life and Their Relationship with Leisure Participation in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy [J].Research in Developmental Disabilities,2017,71:214-222.
[11] ERATAY E,AYDO.Study of the Relationship between Leisure Time Activities and Assertiveness Levels of Students of Abant Izzet Baysal University [J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2015,191:2213-2218.
[12] AGYAR E.Life Satisfaction,Perceived Freedom in Leisure and Self-Esteem:The Case of Physical Education and Sport Students [J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013,93:2186-2193.
[13] CHANG J,RYAN C,TSAI C T,et al.The Taiwanese Love Motel-An Escape from Leisure Constraints?[J].International Journal of Hospitality Management,2012,31(1):169-179.
[14] 张朋,冯媛媛.论休闲、 休闲参与及休闲阻碍 [J].军事体育学报,2013,32(4):93-96.
[15] 郑怡清,朱立新.上海市民休闲行为研究 [J].旅游科学,2006,20(2):60-64.
[16] REES S E,MANGI S C,HATTAM C,et al.The Socio-Economic Effects of a Marine Protected Area on the Ecosystem Service of Leisure and Recreation [J].Marine Policy,2015,62:144-152.
[17] GAUDRON J P,VAUTIER S.Analyzing Individual Differences in Vocational,Leisure,and Family Interests:A Multitrait-Multimethod Approach [J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2007,70(3):561-573.
[18] SHIH I F,LIEW Z,KRAUSE N,et al.Lifetime Occupational and Leisure Time Physical Activity and Risk of Parkinson's Disease [J].Parkinsonism & Related Disorders,2016,28:112-117.
[19] 李良明,唐宁潇.家庭生命周期不同家庭休闲体育参与的动机因素和阻碍因素分析 [J].四川体育科学,2017,36(1):113-115,148.
[20] 卢锋,张馥郁.运动性休闲:回归人类本性需求的休闲方式 [J].武汉体育学院学报,2010,44(2):81-83,92.
[21] 魏烨.老年人参与群体性休闲运动的动机、 群体气氛与运动效益的相关性 [J].中国老年学杂志,2014,34(20):5899-5900.
[22] KUO T Y,TANG H L.Relationships Among Personality Traits,Facebook Usages,and Leisure Activities-A Case of Taiwanese College Students [J].Computers in Human Behavior,2014,31:13-19.
[23] XU C X,ZHU H H,FANG L,et al.Gender Disparity in the Associations of Overweight/obesity with Occupational Activity,Transport To/from Work,Leisure-Time Physical Activity,and Leisure-Time Spent Sitting in Working Adults:A Cross-Sectional Study [J].Journal of Epidemiology,2017,27(9):401-407.
[24] LUPU E,CECILIA G,ELENA S,et al.Education Regarding Addictions and the Impact of Leisure Time Physical Activities Upon the Control of the Addictive Behaviour [J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2014,159:283-287.