摘要
为探讨都市女性居民的休闲活动偏好、类型及休闲阻碍与其社会背景因素间的关系,揭示女性生命周期中,社会经济背景因素对其休闲活动偏好的影响及不同休闲类型的女性她们所承受的休闲阻碍差异,在大量文献阅读及多轮专家咨询基础上,构建出都市女性居民休闲活动偏好及阻碍因素调查卷,以成都市年满20岁以上的女性为对象,运用探索性因子分析及K-Mean快速样本聚类法对问卷调查所获得资料进行统计处理.研究发现:①休闲活动偏好集中体现在户外性、知识性、生活性、娱乐性、社交性、艺术性、休息性、竞赛性、亲子性、室内性及运动性等10个方面,以此为依据而获得女性休闲5类型,即自我学习型、—般型、家庭型、社交型消费型;②休闲活动类型与其生命周期及社会成就(敎育程度、职业、每日工作时间)高度相关,其中女性年龄、最小孩子年龄及家庭类型对其休闲选择的影响具有很好一致性;③休闲阻碍主要集中在6个方面,即时间、场地设施、同伴、内在、交通及经济,其中缺乏时间、缺乏设施及缺乏同伴是都市女性的主要休闲障碍,而休闲活动偏好类型与女性内在阻碍、场地设施及同伴阻碍高度相关.研究认为,都市女性休闲活动偏好及类型受其生命周期及社会成就的影响与制约,相关部门应加大场地设施建设布局,提供降低家庭阻碍的相应政策与措施,以促进女性有效从事休闲运动.
To investigate the relationship between leisure activity preferences, type, leisure restricts and their social background, and to reveal the effects of social background factor on leisure activity preferences and difference of several leisure types in urban women. Based on a lot of literature review and several rounds expert advice, the authors constructed urban women residents' leisure activity preferences and restrict survey questionnaire on women over 20 years old in Chengdu. The data was analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and K-Mean fast clustering method. It has been found that 1) women leisure activity preferences embodied in the 10 areas such as outdoors, knowledge, life, fun, sociability, artistic, leisure, race, parent-child relationship, and indoor sports, etc. urban women in western China, whereby leisure were divided into five categories, namely, self-learning, general type, family type, and the social consumption type; 2) the western urban women leisure activity type of its life-cycle and social achievements(education level, occupation, daily working time) were highly correlated, and women age, the least children age, and family type on leisure choice had better consistency; 3) the western urban women leisure restricts focused on six areas, namely, time, venue facilities, companion, internal, traffic and economic factors, and the lack of time, facilities, and companions were the main restricts to urban women leisure, leisure activity preferences and the type of women inherent restricts, were highly correlated with venues and facilities, and companion restricts. It is concluded that the life cycle, social achievements, and constraints affected the women's leisure activity preference and type, relevant authorities should intensify the construction of venues and facilities layout, and provide reduced family restricts the appropriate policies and measures, and promote women to engage effectively in leisure sports.
引文
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