环境丰容对圈养川金丝猴行为影响的初步研究
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摘要
2007年8月31日—2007年9月11日、2007年9月14日—2007年9月27日、2007年10月15日—2007年10月26日的09∶00—17∶00对成都动物园饲养的1对成年和2只幼年川金丝猴,采用目标动物取样法和瞬时扫描记录法对圈舍丰容前后的川金丝猴行为进行了观察比较。结果表明,在仿生态兽舍(环境丰容后)内,川金丝猴的跳跃、探究、攀爬和观望行为比在笼养圈舍(环境丰容前)内有显著增加,休息行为显著减少(P<0.01);成年川金丝猴搬入仿生态兽舍1个月后,雌雄梳理和行走行为较它们在旧兽舍和刚搬入新馆舍时显著增加(P<0.05),搬入仿生态兽舍1月后与刚搬入仿生态兽舍相比,休息行为发生频次的差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。未成年金丝猴在12∶00—13∶00间出现运动行为低谷,其余各时段中运动行为所占比例最高;其次为休息行为,其中12∶00—13∶00休息行为达到昼间的高峰;采食高峰为09∶00—10∶00;梳理、警戒以及其他行为在各时段分布较均匀。成年金丝猴昼间行为较多的是梳理和休息行为;15∶00—16∶00运动行为所占比例较高,梳理行为10∶00—12∶00所占比例较高,休息行为在12∶00—13∶00所占比例最高,采食行为的高峰在09∶00—10∶00,警戒行为在09∶00—10∶00和15∶00—16∶00稍高,其他行为所占比例分布较均匀。幼年川金丝猴的运动、采食行为频次百分比极显著高于成年川金丝猴的运动、采食行为频次百分比(P<0.01);而梳理和警戒行为极显著低于成年川金丝猴(P<0.01)。
The behaviors of 2 adult and 2 juvenile Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys( Rhinopithecus roxellanae) at Chengdu Zoo were studied using focal animal sampling and instantaneous sampling method in 09∶ 00- 17∶ 00 on August 31 to September 11,September 14- 27,October 15- 26,2007,and this time arrangement was according to the periods that monkeys were reared in old enclosure,enrichment enclosure,in enrichment enclosure after one month,respectively. The results showed that the frequencies of jumping,exploring,climbing,observing behavior of the golden monkeys in bionic enclosure( environment enrichment) significantly increased compared with those of in old enclosure( before environment enrichment),however,the frequency of resting behavior was significantly lower than that of in old enclosure( P < 0. 01). The frequencies of social grooming( ♀-♂) and locomotion behaviors of adult golden monkeys in enrichment enclosure after one month was higher than those in old enclosure( P < 0. 05),and the frequency of resting behavior was further reduced( P <0. 01,P < 0. 05) in the bionic enclosure after one month( P < 0. 01). The frequency of moving behaviors of juvenile golden monkeys was the highest compared with other behaviors,followed by the frequency of resting behavior with peak value at12∶ 00- 13∶ 00; the peak period of the frequency of eating behaviors was 09∶ 00- 10∶ 00,but the frequencies of grooming and alerting behaviors were relatively gentle. The frequencies of grooming and resting behaviors of adult golden monkeys were higher than those of other behaviors,the peak of the frequency of moving behavior was between 15∶ 00- 16∶ 00,the peak of grooming behavior was 10∶ 00- 12∶ 00,the peak of the frequency of resting behaviors was 12∶ 00- 13∶ 00,the peak of the frequency of eating behavior was 09∶ 00- 10∶ 00,the peak of the frequency of alert behavior was 09∶ 00- 10 ∶ 00 and 15 ∶ 00-16∶ 00,the frequencies of other behaviors had no peak and valley. The frequencies of moving,and eating behaviors of juvenile golden monkeys were higher than those of adult golden monkeys( P < 0. 01),but the frequencies of grooming and alert behaviors were lower than those of adult golden monkeys( P < 0. 01).
The behaviors of 2 adult and 2 juvenile Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys( Rhinopithecus roxellanae) at Chengdu Zoo were studied using focal animal sampling and instantaneous sampling method in 09∶ 00- 17∶ 00 on August 31 to September 11,September 14- 27,October 15- 26,2007,and this time arrangement was according to the periods that monkeys were reared in old enclosure,enrichment enclosure,in enrichment enclosure after one month,respectively. The results showed that the frequencies of jumping,exploring,climbing,observing behavior of the golden monkeys in bionic enclosure( environment enrichment) significantly increased compared with those of in old enclosure( before environment enrichment),however,the frequency of resting behavior was significantly lower than that of in old enclosure( P < 0. 01). The frequencies of social grooming( ♀-♂) and locomotion behaviors of adult golden monkeys in enrichment enclosure after one month was higher than those in old enclosure( P < 0. 05),and the frequency of resting behavior was further reduced( P <0. 01,P < 0. 05) in the bionic enclosure after one month( P < 0. 01). The frequency of moving behaviors of juvenile golden monkeys was the highest compared with other behaviors,followed by the frequency of resting behavior with peak value at12∶ 00- 13∶ 00; the peak period of the frequency of eating behaviors was 09∶ 00- 10∶ 00,but the frequencies of grooming and alerting behaviors were relatively gentle. The frequencies of grooming and resting behaviors of adult golden monkeys were higher than those of other behaviors,the peak of the frequency of moving behavior was between 15∶ 00- 16∶ 00,the peak of grooming behavior was 10∶ 00- 12∶ 00,the peak of the frequency of resting behaviors was 12∶ 00- 13∶ 00,the peak of the frequency of eating behavior was 09∶ 00- 10∶ 00,the peak of the frequency of alert behavior was 09∶ 00- 10 ∶ 00 and 15 ∶ 00-16∶ 00,the frequencies of other behaviors had no peak and valley. The frequencies of moving,and eating behaviors of juvenile golden monkeys were higher than those of adult golden monkeys( P < 0. 01),but the frequencies of grooming and alert behaviors were lower than those of adult golden monkeys( P < 0. 01).
引文
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吕九全,李保国.2006.秦岭川金丝猴的昼间活动时间分配[J].兽类学报,26(1):26-32.
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任宝平,梁冰,张树义,等.2007.饲养条件下川金丝猴群中主雄的移除和替换对社群行为的影响[J].动物学报,53(4):755-762.
严康慧,苏彦捷,任仁眉.2006.川金丝猴社会行为节目及其动作模式[J].兽类学报,26(2):129-135.
Young RJ.2003.Environmental enrichment for captive animals[M].Oxford:Blackwell Publishing.
李宏群,张育辉,李保国.2004.秦岭川金丝猴秋冬季节活动时间分配的初步研究[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版,32(2):86 -89.
吕九全,李保国.2006.秦岭川金丝猴的昼间活动时间分配[J].兽类学报,26(1):26-32.
苗秀莲,窦礼正,黄继志,等.2008.几种生态因子对笼养川金丝猴行为的影响[J].安徽农业科学,36(4):1457-1459.
苗秀莲,刘传栋,程波,等.2009.笼养川金丝猴行为的时间分配[J].安徽农业科学,37(31):15268-15270.
任宝平,梁冰,张树义,等.2007.饲养条件下川金丝猴群中主雄的移除和替换对社群行为的影响[J].动物学报,53(4):755-762.
严康慧,苏彦捷,任仁眉.2006.川金丝猴社会行为节目及其动作模式[J].兽类学报,26(2):129-135.
Young RJ.2003.Environmental enrichment for captive animals[M].Oxford:Blackwell Publishing.