京津冀技术创新的工业企业就业效应分析
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摘要
中国工业企业承担着缓解社会就业压力的重大责任,企业的技术创新与就业存在密切的联系。基于京津冀工业企业面板数据的研究,得出短期内工业企业创新环境、创新投入、创新产出和创新扩散都对就业总量产生显著的动态创造效应;从就业质量的回归结果看,创新环境起到抑制作用,其他三个维度起到促进作用,并且创新产出对就业质量具有较强的单一门限效应,只有创新产出达到一定水平时就业质量才会有显著的提高,说明工业企业创新产出在优化劳动力素质中的作用正在逐渐凸显。
China's industrial enterprises bear the great responsibility to alleviate the pressure of social employment,which results in and there is a close relationship between technological innovation and employment. Based on the panel data of Beijing-TianjinHebei industrial enterprises,it is concluded that the innovation environment,innovation input,innovation output and innovation diffusion all have significant dynamic creation effects on the total employment volume in a short period of time. In view of the regression results of employment quality,the innovation environment plays an inhibitory role,and the other three dimensions play as stimulators. Moreover,innovation output of employment quality has a strong threshold effect. It means that only when the innovation output reaches a certain level,the quality of employment will be improved significantly. Therefore,the role of innovation output of industrial enterprises in optimizing the quality of labor force is gradually highlighted.
China's industrial enterprises bear the great responsibility to alleviate the pressure of social employment,which results in and there is a close relationship between technological innovation and employment. Based on the panel data of Beijing-TianjinHebei industrial enterprises,it is concluded that the innovation environment,innovation input,innovation output and innovation diffusion all have significant dynamic creation effects on the total employment volume in a short period of time. In view of the regression results of employment quality,the innovation environment plays an inhibitory role,and the other three dimensions play as stimulators. Moreover,innovation output of employment quality has a strong threshold effect. It means that only when the innovation output reaches a certain level,the quality of employment will be improved significantly. Therefore,the role of innovation output of industrial enterprises in optimizing the quality of labor force is gradually highlighted.
引文
[1]唐未兵,傅元海,王展祥.技术创新、技术引进与经济增长方式转变[J].经济研究,2014(7):31-43.
[2]大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].丰俊功,译.北京:光明日报出版社,2009:48-90.
[3]朱翠华,李建民.技术进步就业效应新解[J].财经科学,2012(4):53-61.
[4]简泽.技术创新、资本积累与工业化的增长和就业效果[J].经济经纬,2007(1):23-26.
[5]肖六亿.技术进步的就业效应量化研究[J].统计与信息论坛,2010(7):47-52.
[6]张浩然,衣保中.技术进步、结构调整与就业增长---基于空间面板模型的经验研究[J].经济经纬,2011(5):14-17.
[7]唐国华.技术创新对我国就业影响的实证分析:1991-2007[J].人口与经济,2011(3):37-42.
[8]黄解宇,孙维峰,杨朝晖.创新的就业效应分析---基于中国上市公司微观数据的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2013(11):161-169.
[9]COSTELLO A,BLAIR M,KOCHAN T.The new relationship:human capital in the American corporation[J].Transfer,2000,7(2):359-361.
[10]KLLING A,SCHANK T.Skill-biased technological change,international trade and the wage structure[J].Discussion Papers,2002,42(3):644-651.
[11]WEISS M.Skill-biased technological change:is there hope for the unskilled[J].Economics Letters,2008,100(3):439-441.
[12]PAVITT K.What we know about the strategic management of technology[J].California Management Review,1990,32(3):17-26.
[13]VIVARELLI M,EVANGELISTA R,PIANTA M.Innovation and employment in Italian manufacturing industry[J].Research Policy,1996,25(7):1013-1026.
[14]EVANGELISTA R,VEZZANI A.The impact of technological and organizational innovations on employment in European firms[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2012,21:871-899.
[15]韩孟孟,袁广达,张三峰.技术创新与企业就业效应---基于微观企业调查数据的实证分析[J].人口与经济,2016(6):114-124.
[16]张国初.技术进步对就业水平的影响[J].管理评论,2003(1):21-26.
[17]LACHENMAIER S,ROTTMANN H.Effects of innovation on employment:a dynamic panel analysis[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2011,29(2):210-220.
[18]罗润东.信息化对劳动力就业的影响[N].光明日报,2003-07-01.
[19]姚战琪,夏杰长.资本深化、技术进步对中国就业效应的经验分析[J].世界经济,2005(1):58-67.
[20]万勇.区域技术创新与经济增长研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009:38-53.
[21]HANSEN B E.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:estimation,testing and inference[J].Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
(1)数据来源:《工业企业科技活动统计年鉴》(2006—2016)和《中国工业统计年鉴》(2001—2016)。
(1)样本数据根据《工业企业科技活动统计年鉴》(2006—2016)相关数据整理得出。
[2]大卫·李嘉图.政治经济学及赋税原理[M].丰俊功,译.北京:光明日报出版社,2009:48-90.
[3]朱翠华,李建民.技术进步就业效应新解[J].财经科学,2012(4):53-61.
[4]简泽.技术创新、资本积累与工业化的增长和就业效果[J].经济经纬,2007(1):23-26.
[5]肖六亿.技术进步的就业效应量化研究[J].统计与信息论坛,2010(7):47-52.
[6]张浩然,衣保中.技术进步、结构调整与就业增长---基于空间面板模型的经验研究[J].经济经纬,2011(5):14-17.
[7]唐国华.技术创新对我国就业影响的实证分析:1991-2007[J].人口与经济,2011(3):37-42.
[8]黄解宇,孙维峰,杨朝晖.创新的就业效应分析---基于中国上市公司微观数据的实证研究[J].中国软科学,2013(11):161-169.
[9]COSTELLO A,BLAIR M,KOCHAN T.The new relationship:human capital in the American corporation[J].Transfer,2000,7(2):359-361.
[10]KLLING A,SCHANK T.Skill-biased technological change,international trade and the wage structure[J].Discussion Papers,2002,42(3):644-651.
[11]WEISS M.Skill-biased technological change:is there hope for the unskilled[J].Economics Letters,2008,100(3):439-441.
[12]PAVITT K.What we know about the strategic management of technology[J].California Management Review,1990,32(3):17-26.
[13]VIVARELLI M,EVANGELISTA R,PIANTA M.Innovation and employment in Italian manufacturing industry[J].Research Policy,1996,25(7):1013-1026.
[14]EVANGELISTA R,VEZZANI A.The impact of technological and organizational innovations on employment in European firms[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2012,21:871-899.
[15]韩孟孟,袁广达,张三峰.技术创新与企业就业效应---基于微观企业调查数据的实证分析[J].人口与经济,2016(6):114-124.
[16]张国初.技术进步对就业水平的影响[J].管理评论,2003(1):21-26.
[17]LACHENMAIER S,ROTTMANN H.Effects of innovation on employment:a dynamic panel analysis[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2011,29(2):210-220.
[18]罗润东.信息化对劳动力就业的影响[N].光明日报,2003-07-01.
[19]姚战琪,夏杰长.资本深化、技术进步对中国就业效应的经验分析[J].世界经济,2005(1):58-67.
[20]万勇.区域技术创新与经济增长研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2009:38-53.
[21]HANSEN B E.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:estimation,testing and inference[J].Journal of Econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
(1)数据来源:《工业企业科技活动统计年鉴》(2006—2016)和《中国工业统计年鉴》(2001—2016)。
(1)样本数据根据《工业企业科技活动统计年鉴》(2006—2016)相关数据整理得出。