基于压缩式换热的低温工业余热供热系统运行特性及应用
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摘要
基于北方地区可利用的大量低温工业余热和过剩电力资源,提出基于压缩式换热的低温工业余热供热新技术,并结合案例从热力学和经济学角度对其进行分析。结果表明,压缩式换热机组可将一次热网回水温度降至20℃,可极大提高一次热网经济输热距离,有效解决工业余热远距离经济输热的瓶颈问题。当废热价格为20$/GJ、一次热网输热距离为60 km时,新型供热系统的供热成本比常规燃煤热电联产供热成本低3$/GJ,且其投资回收期(约为4 a)低于供热行业基准投资年限,每年可节省标准煤16.7 kg/m~2。
Considering the large amount of low-temperature industrial waste heat and wind power generation resourcesavailable in the northern region,the new heating technology of low temperature industrial waste heat based oncompression heat exchangers was put forward,and in combination with the case,it was analyzed from the perspective ofthermodynamics and economics. The results show that the compression heat exchanger can reduce the return watertemperature of primary heat network to 20 ℃,which greatly increases the economical heat transmission distance ofprimary heat network,and can effectively solve the bottleneck problem of long-distance economical heat transmission ofindustrial waste heat. For the new industrial waste heat district heating system case,when the waste heat price is 20 $/GJand the heat transmission distance of the primary heating network is 60 km,the heating cost of the new heating system islower about 3 $/GJ than that of the conventional coal-fired heating and power cogeneration,and its investment recoveryperiod(about 4 years)is lower than the benchmark investment period of the heating industry,saving 16.7 kg ce/m~2 peryear.
Considering the large amount of low-temperature industrial waste heat and wind power generation resourcesavailable in the northern region,the new heating technology of low temperature industrial waste heat based oncompression heat exchangers was put forward,and in combination with the case,it was analyzed from the perspective ofthermodynamics and economics. The results show that the compression heat exchanger can reduce the return watertemperature of primary heat network to 20 ℃,which greatly increases the economical heat transmission distance ofprimary heat network,and can effectively solve the bottleneck problem of long-distance economical heat transmission ofindustrial waste heat. For the new industrial waste heat district heating system case,when the waste heat price is 20 $/GJand the heat transmission distance of the primary heating network is 60 km,the heating cost of the new heating system islower about 3 $/GJ than that of the conventional coal-fired heating and power cogeneration,and its investment recoveryperiod(about 4 years)is lower than the benchmark investment period of the heating industry,saving 16.7 kg ce/m~2 peryear.
引文
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[2]国家能源局.2015年风力发电产业发展情况[EB/OL].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2016-02/02/c_135066586.htm,2016-02-02.[2]National Energy Administration.Development of wind power industry 2015[EB/OL].http://www.nea.gov.cn/2016-02/02/c_135066586.htm,2016-02-02.
[3]Zhang Ning,Lu Xi,Mc Elroy.Michael B,et al.Reducing curtailment of wind electricity in China by employing electric boilers for heat and pumped hydro for energy storage[J].Applied Energy,2016,184:987—994.
[4]Hedegaard Karstn,Menster Marie.In fl uence of individual heat pumps on wind power integration-Energy system investments and operation[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2013,75:673—684.
[5]夏红德,张华良,徐玉杰,等.我国工业节能潜力与对策分析[J].工程热物理学报,2011,32(12):1993—1996.[5]Xia Hongde,Zhang Hualiang,Xu Yujie,et al.Investigations on industrial energy saving potential and countermeasures in China[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2011,32(12):1993—1996.
[6]MiróLaia,Brückner Sarah,Cabeza Luisa F.Mapping and discussing Industrial Waste Heat(IWH)potentials for different countries[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,51:847—855.
[7]Fang Hao,Xia Jianjun,Zhu Kan,et al.Industrial waste heat utilization for low temperature district heating[J].Energy Policy,2013,62:236—246.
[8]Hill J M.Study of low-grade waste heat recovery and energy transportation systems in industrial applications[D].Alabama:Alabama University,2011.
[9]林芃,王如竹,马强,等.基于氨水吸收循环远距离输送低品位热能性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(11):1445—1451.[9]Lin Peng,Wang Ruzhu,Ma Qiang,et al.Study on lowgrade heat transportation over long distance by ammoniawater absorption cycle[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(11):1445—1451.
[10]Sun Fangtian,Fu Lin,Zhang Shigang,et al.New waste heat district heating system with combined heat and power based on absorption heat exchange cycle in China[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2012,37:136—144.
[11]Fang Hao,Xia Jianjun,Jiang Yi.Key issues and solution in a district heating system using low-grade industrial waste heat[J].Energy,2015,86:589—602.
[12]Maivel Mikk,Kurnitski Jarek.Heating system return temperature effect on heat pump performance[J].Energy and Buildings,2015,94:71—79.
[13]付林,江亿,张世钢,等.一种热泵型换热机组[P].中国:ZL 2008 1 0101064.5,2009-03-18.[13]Fu Lin,Jiang Yi,Zhang Shigang,et al.A heat exchanger based on heat pump[P].China:ZL 20081 0101064.5,2009-03-18.
[14]Sun Jian,Fu Lin,Zhang Shigang.Experimental study of heat exchanger basing on absorption cycle for CHP system[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2016,102:1280—1286.
[15]Sun Jian,Fu Lin,Sun Fangtian,et al.Experimental study on a project with CHP system basing on absorption cycles[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,73(1):732—738.
[16]孙方田,王娜,李德英,等.一种引射式热泵型换热机组[P].中国:ZL 2011 1 0149213.7,2014-04-23.[16]Sun Fangtian,Wang Na,Li Deying,et al.A kind of ejector heat exchanger[P].China:ZL 2011 1 0149213.7,2014-04-23.
[17]孙方田,李德英,史永征,等.一种压缩式热泵型换热装置[P].中国:ZL2010 2 0551496.9,2011-06-29.[17]Sun Fangtian,Li Deying,Shiyongzheng,et al.A heat exchanger based on compression heat pump[P].China:ZL2010 2 0551496.9,2011-06-29.
[18]孙方田,李德英,史永征,等.一种双级压缩式热泵型换热机组[P].中国:ZL2010 2 0551499.2,2011-05-04.[18]Sun Fangtian,Li Deying,Shi Yongzheng,et al.A heat exchanger based on two-stage compression heat pump[P].China:ZL2010 2 0551499.2,2011-05-04.