基于3D打印技术的盾构隧道模型设计与制作
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摘要
以超大直径盾构隧道为原型,基于3D打印技术设计并制作用于振动台试验的盾构隧道关键节点模型。探讨3D打印技术应用于盾构隧道模型设计的技术难点,如结构相似比设计与3D打印材料性质的匹配性、大型结构模型的最优化分块分段打印技术、结构模型的3D打印实现与拼装等。提出大体积结构模型拆分打印的基本原则,制作出符合试验要求的联络通道和工作井等关键节点模型,检验3D打印技术在隧道结构模型设计和制作中的可行性,并总结3D打印技术的优势和制约其推广应用的原因。
Taking large-diameter shield tunnels as the prototype target, this paper first applied the 3D-print technology in the design and fabrication of shield tunnel models, including the critical parts(i.e. connecting passage and working shaft) used for shaking table tests. The technical difficulties of application of 3D-print technology in shield tunnel model design were systematically discussed, e.g. how to match the properties of 3D-print materials to the similitude ratio design, how to divide a large structure model into smaller pieces to fit the size limitation of the 3D-print machine, how to realize 3D-print model parts and assemble them together. Finally, the basic principle of optimal 3D-print technology for large-scale structural models was proposed, and the tunnel model with critical connection parts were deigned and fabricated. Results show that the fabricated models using the proposed 3D-print technology perfectly satisfy the requirements of the test. Therefore, the feasibility of the application of 3D-print technology in design and fabrication of tunnel structure models is fully validated. Advantages and limitations of the 3D-print technology are also summarized.
Taking large-diameter shield tunnels as the prototype target, this paper first applied the 3D-print technology in the design and fabrication of shield tunnel models, including the critical parts(i.e. connecting passage and working shaft) used for shaking table tests. The technical difficulties of application of 3D-print technology in shield tunnel model design were systematically discussed, e.g. how to match the properties of 3D-print materials to the similitude ratio design, how to divide a large structure model into smaller pieces to fit the size limitation of the 3D-print machine, how to realize 3D-print model parts and assemble them together. Finally, the basic principle of optimal 3D-print technology for large-scale structural models was proposed, and the tunnel model with critical connection parts were deigned and fabricated. Results show that the fabricated models using the proposed 3D-print technology perfectly satisfy the requirements of the test. Therefore, the feasibility of the application of 3D-print technology in design and fabrication of tunnel structure models is fully validated. Advantages and limitations of the 3D-print technology are also summarized.
引文
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[11]黄宏伟,徐凌,严佳梁,等.盾构隧道横向刚度有效率研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(1):11-18.HUANG Hongwei,XU Ling,YAN Jialiang,et al.Study on transverse effective rigidity ratio of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(1):11-18.
[12]叶飞,杨鹏博,毛家骅,等.基于模型试验的盾构隧道纵向刚度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015(1):83-90.YE Fei,YANG Pengbo,MAO Jiahua,et al.Longitudinal rigidity of shield tunnels based on model tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015(1):83-90.
[13]李青,王青.3D打印:一种新兴的学习技术[J].远程教育杂志,2013(4):29-35.LI Qing,WANG Qing.3D Printing:A new technology for learning[J].Journal of Distance Education,2013(4):29-35.
[14]GB/T1040.1—2006,塑料拉伸性能的测定第1部分:总则[S].GB/T1040.1—2006,Plastic.Determination of tensile properties.Part 1:General principles[S].
[15]GB/T1040.2—2006,塑料拉伸性能的测定第2部分:模塑和挤塑塑料的试验条件[S].GB/T1040.2—2006,Plastic.Determination of tensile properties.Part 2:Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics[S].
[2]朱艳青,史继富,王雷雷,等.3D打印技术发展现状[J].制造技术与机床,2015(12):50-57.ZHU Yanqing,SHI Jifu,WANG Leilei,et al.Current status of the three-dimensional printing technology[J].Manufacturing Technology&Machine Tool,2015(12):50-57.
[3]张大旺,王栋民.3D打印混凝土材料及混凝土建筑技术进展[J].硅酸盐通报,2015(6):1583-1588.ZHANG Dawang,WANG Dongmin.Progress of 3D print of concrete materials and concrete construction technology[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2015(6):1583-1588.
[4]陶雨濛,张云峰,陈以一,等.3D打印技术在土木工程中的应用展望[J].钢结构,2014,29(8):1-8.TAO Yumeng,ZHANG Yunfeng,CHEN Yiyi,et al.Prospective applications of 3D printing technology in civil engineering[J].Steel Construction,2014,29(8):1-8.
[5]杨建江,陈响.3D打印建筑技术及应用趋势[J].施工技术,2015,44(10):84-88.YANG Jianjiang,CHEN Xiang.3D printing building technology and its application trend[J].Construction Technology,2015,44(10):84-88.
[6]丁烈云,徐捷,覃亚伟.建筑3D打印数字建造技术研究应用综述[J].土木工程与管理学报,2015(3):1-10.DING Lieyun,XU Jie,TAN Yawei.Research and application review of the digital construction technology of 3D printing for construction[J].Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,2015(3):1-10.
[7]Hashash Y M A,Hook J J,Schmidt B,et al.Seismic design and analysis of underground structures[J].Tunnelling&Underground Space Technology,2001,16(4):247-293.
[8]陈忠津.盾构隧道纵向抗震性能研究及数值模拟[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.CHEN Zhongjin.Research and Numerical Simulation on Longitudinal Anti-seismic Performance of Shield Tunnel[D].Changsha:Central South University,2013.
[9]刘学山.盾构隧道的纵向抗震分析研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2003,23(2):166-172.LIU Xueshan.Analysis and study of longitudinal earthquake resistance of shield tunnel[J].Underground Space,2003,23(2):166-172.
[10]姜曦.大型水下盾构隧道地震响应分析及抗震措施研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.JIANG Xi.Analysis on seismic response and research on aseismatic construction of a great diameter underwater shield tunnel[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2011.
[11]黄宏伟,徐凌,严佳梁,等.盾构隧道横向刚度有效率研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(1):11-18.HUANG Hongwei,XU Ling,YAN Jialiang,et al.Study on transverse effective rigidity ratio of shield tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(1):11-18.
[12]叶飞,杨鹏博,毛家骅,等.基于模型试验的盾构隧道纵向刚度分析[J].岩土工程学报,2015(1):83-90.YE Fei,YANG Pengbo,MAO Jiahua,et al.Longitudinal rigidity of shield tunnels based on model tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015(1):83-90.
[13]李青,王青.3D打印:一种新兴的学习技术[J].远程教育杂志,2013(4):29-35.LI Qing,WANG Qing.3D Printing:A new technology for learning[J].Journal of Distance Education,2013(4):29-35.
[14]GB/T1040.1—2006,塑料拉伸性能的测定第1部分:总则[S].GB/T1040.1—2006,Plastic.Determination of tensile properties.Part 1:General principles[S].
[15]GB/T1040.2—2006,塑料拉伸性能的测定第2部分:模塑和挤塑塑料的试验条件[S].GB/T1040.2—2006,Plastic.Determination of tensile properties.Part 2:Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics[S].