工作嵌入、工作家庭平衡与家庭内关系——基于员工及其配偶配对的视角
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摘要
本研究从资源保存理论视角,探讨了工作嵌入、工作家庭平衡和家庭内关系的相互关系。研究采用配对问卷调查的方法,获得234份员工及其配偶的有效配对数据。结构方程模型结果显示:员工工作嵌入对员工自评的工作家庭促进和家庭工作促进有正向影响,对员工自评的家庭工作冲突有负向影响;相对地,工作嵌入正向影响配偶评的工作家庭冲突和家庭工作冲突。配偶评工作家庭冲突正向影响配偶感知的家庭冲突,配偶评家庭工作冲突负向影响配偶感知的家庭亲密度,配偶评家庭工作促进负向影响配偶感知的家庭冲突、正向影响配偶感知的家庭亲密度。工作嵌入可以通过员工自评工作家庭促进和配偶评的工作家庭冲突间接正向影响配偶感知的家庭冲突,工作嵌入还可以通过配偶评的家庭工作冲突间接负向影响配偶感知的家庭亲密度。
In this study, using a resource conservation theoretical base, we explore the relation among job embeddedness, work-family balance and family relationship. Data are collected from a sample of 234 married fulltime employees and their spouses. The results of structural equation model show that:(1) Job embeddedness of employees has significant positive effects on self-rated work-family facilitation and family-work facilitation, and exerts a negative effect on self-rated family-work conflict significantly.(2) Job embeddedness of employees has significant positive effects on spouse-rated work-family conflict and family-work conflict.(3)The effect of spouse-rated work-family conflict on spouse-perceived family conflict is positive. Additionally, the effect of spouse-rated family-work conflict on spouse-perceived family cohesion is negative. What's more, spouse-rated family-work facilitation has a significant negative effect on spouse-perceived family conflict, and has a significant positive effect on spouse-perceived family cohesion.(4) Self-rated work-family facilitation and spouse-rated work-family conflict mediates the effect of job embeddedness on spouse-perceived family conflict. Spouse-rated family-work conflict plays a mediating role in the relation of job embeddedness and spouse-perceived family cohesion.
In this study, using a resource conservation theoretical base, we explore the relation among job embeddedness, work-family balance and family relationship. Data are collected from a sample of 234 married fulltime employees and their spouses. The results of structural equation model show that:(1) Job embeddedness of employees has significant positive effects on self-rated work-family facilitation and family-work facilitation, and exerts a negative effect on self-rated family-work conflict significantly.(2) Job embeddedness of employees has significant positive effects on spouse-rated work-family conflict and family-work conflict.(3)The effect of spouse-rated work-family conflict on spouse-perceived family conflict is positive. Additionally, the effect of spouse-rated family-work conflict on spouse-perceived family cohesion is negative. What's more, spouse-rated family-work facilitation has a significant negative effect on spouse-perceived family conflict, and has a significant positive effect on spouse-perceived family cohesion.(4) Self-rated work-family facilitation and spouse-rated work-family conflict mediates the effect of job embeddedness on spouse-perceived family conflict. Spouse-rated family-work conflict plays a mediating role in the relation of job embeddedness and spouse-perceived family cohesion.
引文
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[27] Grzywacz J. G., Marks N. F. Reconceptualizing the Work-Family Interface: An Ecological Perspective on the Correlates of Positive and Negative Spillover Between Work and Family[J]. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2000,5(1):111-126
[28] Mccubbin H. I., Patterson J. The Family Stress Process: The Double ABCX Model of Adjustment and Adaptation[M]//McCubbin H. I., Sussman M. B., Patterson J. M. Social Stress and the Family: Advances and Developments in Family Stress Theory and Research. New York: The Haworth Press, 1983
[29] Podsakoff P. M., MacKenzie S. B., Lee J. Y., et al. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003,88(5):879-903
[30] Yang N., Chen C. C., Choi J., et al. Sources of Work-Family Conflict: A Sino-US Comparison of the Effects of Work and Family Demands[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43(1):113-123
[31] Clark S. C. Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance[J]. Human Relations, 2000,53(6):747-770
[32] 林雪莹,王永丽,郝雨洁,等. 领导-成员交换对工作-家庭平衡的影响机制研究: 工作弹性能力的中介作用及工作弹性意愿的调节作用[J]. 管理评论, 2016,28(2):138-148
[33] Maertz C. P., Boyar S. L. Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment, and Balance Under “Levels” and “Episodes” Approaches[J]. Journal of Management, 2011,37(1):68-98
[2] 王永丽,叶敏. 工作家庭平衡的结构验证及其因果分析[J]. 管理评论, 2011,23(11):92-101
[3] Wiese B. S., Seiger C. P., Schmid C. M., et al. Beyond Conflict: Functional Facets of the Work-Family Interplay[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2010,77(1):104-117
[4] 马红宇,申传刚,杨璟,等. 边界弹性与工作-家庭冲突,增益的关系:基于人-环境匹配的视角[J]. 心理学报, 2014,46(4):540-551
[5] Lyness K. S., Judiesch M. K. Gender Egalitarianism and Work-Life Balance for Managers: Multisource Perspectives in 36 Countries[J]. Applied Psychology, 2014,63(1):96-129
[6] Hoobler J. M., Wayne S. J., Lemmon G. Bosses’ Perceptions of Family-Work Conflict and Women’s Promotability: Glass Ceiling Effects[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2009,52(5):939-957
[7] Grandey A., Cordeiro B., Crouter A. A Longitudinal and Multi-Source Test of the Work-Family Conflict and Job Satisfaction Relationship[J]. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 2005,78(3):305-323
[8] 王永丽,张智宇,何颖. 工作-家庭支持对员工创造力的影响探讨[J]. 心理学报, 2012,44(12):1651-1662
[9] Hobfoll S. E. Conservation of Resources: A New Attempt at Conceptualizing Stress[J]. American Psychologist, 1989,44(3):513-524
[10] Kiazad K., Holtom B. C., Hom P. W., et al. Job Embeddedness: A Multifoci Theoretical Extension[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2015,100(3):641-659
[11] Kahn R. L., Wolfe D. M., Quinn R. P., et al. Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity[M]. New York: Wiley, 1964
[12] Greenhaus J. H., Beutell N. J. Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1985,10(1):76-88
[13] Marks S. R. Multiple Roles and Role Strain: Some Notes on Human Energy, Time and Commitment[J]. American Sociological Review, 1977,42(6):921-936
[14] Wayne J. H., Musisca N., Fleeson W. Considering the Role of Personality in the Work-Family Experience: Relationships of the Big Five to Work-Family Conflict and Facilitation[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2004,64(1):108-130
[15] Yao X., Lee T., Mitchell T., et al. Job Embeddedness: Current Research and Future Directions[M]//Griffeth R., Hom P. Understanding Employee Retention and Turnover. Greenwich, CT: Information Age, 2004
[16] Karatepe O. M. The Effects of Work Overload and Work-Family Conflict on Job Embeddedness and Job Performance: The Mediation of Emotional Exhaustion[J]. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 2013,25(4):614-634
[17] 马丽,刘霞,于晓敏. 工作-家庭促进与留职意愿的关系:工作嵌入的视角[J]. 中国人力资源开发, 2014,(13):65-71
[18] Halbesleben J. R., Harvey J., Bolino M. C. Too Engaged? A Conservation of Resources View of the Relationship Between Work Engagement and Work Interference with Family[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2009,94(6):1452-1465
[19] McCubbin H. I., Thompson A. I., McCubbin M. A. Family Assessment: Resiliency, Coping and Adaptation[M]. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin, 1996
[20] Olson D. H. Circumplex Model VII: Validation Studies and FACES III[J]. Family Process, 1986,25(3):337-351
[21] 王永丽,何熟珍. 工作家庭冲突研究综述:跨文化视角[J]. 管理评论, 2008,20(5):21-27
[22] Ulla K., Taru F., Sabine G., et al. Types of Work-Family Interface: Well-Being Correlates of Negative and Positive Spillover Between Work and Family[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 2006,47(2):149-162
[23] Amstad F. T., Meier L. L., Fasel U., et al. A Meta-Analysis of Work-Family Conflict and Various Outcomes with a Special Emphasis on Cross-Domain Versus Matching-Domain Relations[J]. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2011,16(2):151-169
[24] Michel J. S., Mitchelson J. K., Kotrba L. M., et al. A Comparative Test of Work-Family Conflict Models and Critical Examination of Work-Family Linkages[J]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2009,74(2):199-218
[25] Wayne J. H., Grzywacz J. G., Carlson D. S., et al. Work-Family Facilitation: A Theoretical Explanation and Model of Primary Antecedents and Consequences[J]. Human Resource Management Review, 2007,17(1):63-76
[26] Crossley C. D., Bennett R. J., Jex S. M., et al. Development of a Global Measure of Job Embeddedness and Integration into a Traditional Model of Voluntary Turnover[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2007,92(4):1031-1042
[27] Grzywacz J. G., Marks N. F. Reconceptualizing the Work-Family Interface: An Ecological Perspective on the Correlates of Positive and Negative Spillover Between Work and Family[J]. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2000,5(1):111-126
[28] Mccubbin H. I., Patterson J. The Family Stress Process: The Double ABCX Model of Adjustment and Adaptation[M]//McCubbin H. I., Sussman M. B., Patterson J. M. Social Stress and the Family: Advances and Developments in Family Stress Theory and Research. New York: The Haworth Press, 1983
[29] Podsakoff P. M., MacKenzie S. B., Lee J. Y., et al. Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003,88(5):879-903
[30] Yang N., Chen C. C., Choi J., et al. Sources of Work-Family Conflict: A Sino-US Comparison of the Effects of Work and Family Demands[J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2000,43(1):113-123
[31] Clark S. C. Work/Family Border Theory: A New Theory of Work/Family Balance[J]. Human Relations, 2000,53(6):747-770
[32] 林雪莹,王永丽,郝雨洁,等. 领导-成员交换对工作-家庭平衡的影响机制研究: 工作弹性能力的中介作用及工作弹性意愿的调节作用[J]. 管理评论, 2016,28(2):138-148
[33] Maertz C. P., Boyar S. L. Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment, and Balance Under “Levels” and “Episodes” Approaches[J]. Journal of Management, 2011,37(1):68-98