全职主妇工作意愿的影响因素分析及代际比较
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摘要
在相关理论综述的基础上,对新生代全职主妇和老一辈全职主妇的工作意愿进行比较分析发现,女性主义意识对全职主妇的工作意愿有着重要的促进作用,其中老一辈全职主妇的工作意愿受现代意识影响显著,新生代全职主妇的工作意愿受个体意识影响显著。劳动力市场歧视理论并未能对全职主妇的工作意愿进行较好的解释,但社会脱离理论对于全职主妇工作意愿的流失给出了较好的解答,即时间可以消磨全职主妇的工作意愿。家庭—工作冲突理论并没有很好地解释全职主妇的工作意愿,但积极溢出理论很好地阐释了新生代全职主妇的家庭幸福感可以显著促进其工作意愿。另外,非正式系统的经济支持对新生代全职主妇的工作意愿有着重要的消解作用,而正式系统的经济支持强化了老一辈全职主妇的工作愿望。
Based on the relevant theoretical review,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the work willingness of new generation and older generation full-time housewives. The results show that feminist consciousness plays a vital role in promoting the work willingness of full-time housewives. The work willingness of the older generation of full-time housewives is significantly influenced by modern consciousness,whilethat of the new generation is significantly influenced by individual consciousness. The theory of labor market discrimination can not explain the working willingness of full-time housewives,but the theory of social disengagement provides a better answer to the loss of working willingness of this group,and time can kill their working willingness. Family-work conflict theory does not explain such work willingness very well,but positive spillover theory explains that the new generation of full-time Housewives' family well-being can significantly promote their work willingness. Finally,the informal system of economic support will have a vital role in eliminating the work willingness of new generation of full-time housewives,and the formal system of economic support strengthens the work desire of older generation of full-time housewives.
Based on the relevant theoretical review,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the work willingness of new generation and older generation full-time housewives. The results show that feminist consciousness plays a vital role in promoting the work willingness of full-time housewives. The work willingness of the older generation of full-time housewives is significantly influenced by modern consciousness,whilethat of the new generation is significantly influenced by individual consciousness. The theory of labor market discrimination can not explain the working willingness of full-time housewives,but the theory of social disengagement provides a better answer to the loss of working willingness of this group,and time can kill their working willingness. Family-work conflict theory does not explain such work willingness very well,but positive spillover theory explains that the new generation of full-time Housewives' family well-being can significantly promote their work willingness. Finally,the informal system of economic support will have a vital role in eliminating the work willingness of new generation of full-time housewives,and the formal system of economic support strengthens the work desire of older generation of full-time housewives.
引文
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[25]张艳红.家庭主妇回归家庭必要性和可行性探析[J].郑州大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2012,45(4):31-35.
[26]王俊英.关于日本主妇再就业的思考[J].日本问题研究,2003(4):14-17.
[27]张艳霞.城市非自愿离岗女性的社会支持系统──北京市个案研究[J].妇女研究论丛,2001(1):4-11.
[2] AGEERMAHR,SONYA,LOVELL.TERRY,WOLKOWITZ,CAROL. A glossary of feminist theory[M]. London:Arnold,1997.
[3]刘霓.社会性别——西方女性主义理论的中心概念[J].国外社会科学,2001(6):52-57.
[4]何明敏.健美视域中的女明星形象——黎莉莉在1930—1936年[J].文艺研究,2018(11):98-109+177.
[5]姜鹏.新农村建设中的媒介式乡土文化及其创新传播[J].甘肃社会科学,2016(2):55-58.
[6]李超海.错位婚姻家庭中小孩抚养和婆媳冲突研究——以广州“80后”青年白领为例[J].青年研究,2011(4):46-55+95.
[7] FAWCETT,M. The position of women in economic life[M].London:Allen&Unwin,1917.
[8] THUROW,L. Discrimination and theories of income determination[M]//Generating inequality:mechanisms of discrimination in the U.S.economy.New York:Basic Books,1975.
[9] DORIGER,P.,PIORE,M. Internal labour markets and manpower analysis[M].Lexington,Mass:D,C. Heath,1971.
[10] BERGMANN,B. The effect on incomes of discrimination in employment[J].Journal of political economy,1971,79:294-313.
[11]王来华.“社会排斥”与“社会脱离”[J].理论与现代化,2005(05):59-64.
[12] BAKKER,A. B.,E. DEMEROUTI,M. F. DOLLARD.How job demands affect partners’experience of exhaustion:integrating work-family conflict and crossover theory[J].Journal of applied psychology,2008,93(4):901-911.
[13] GREENHAUS,J. H.,G. N. POWELL.When work and family are llliesa theory of work-family enrichment[J].Academy of management review,2006,31(1):72-92.
[14] GUTEK,B. A.,S. SEARLE,L. KLEPA.Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict[J].Journal of applied psychology,1991,76(4):560-568.
[15] DUXBURY,L. E.,C. A. HIGGINS.Gender differences in work-family conflict[J].Journal of applied psychology,1991,76(1):60-74.
[16] SIEBER,S. D. Toward a theory of role accumulation[J].American sociological review,1974,39:56-67.
[17] HIGGINS,C. A.,L. E. DUXBURY.Work-family conflict:a comparison of dual-career and traditional-career Men[J].Journal of organizational behavior,1992,13(4):389-411.
[18] BURKE,R. J.,E. R. GREENGLASS,C. L. COOPER,I. T. ROBERTSON. Work and family[M]//International review of industrial and organizational psychology.Oxford,England:John Wiley and Sons,1987.
[19] EDWARDS,J. R.,N. P. ROTHBARD. Mechanisms linking work and family:clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs[J].Academy of management review,2000,25(1):178-199.
[20] WESTMAN,M. Stress and strain crossover[J].Human relations,2001,54(6):717-751.
[21]张新娟,詹鸿飞,米娜,马海林.职业女性工作家庭冲突、社会支持与主观幸福感的关系研究[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,34(03):116-120.
[22] HOUSE J.A. Work stress and social support[M]//Reading.MA:Addisoon-Wesley,1981.
[23] THOMAS,L.,GANSTER,D.C. Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain:a control perspective[J].Journal of applied psychology,1995,80(5):6-15.
[24] CARLSON,D.S.,PERREWE,P.L. The role of social support in the stressor-strain relationship:an examination of workfamily conflict[J].Journal of management,1999,25(3):513-540.
[25]张艳红.家庭主妇回归家庭必要性和可行性探析[J].郑州大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2012,45(4):31-35.
[26]王俊英.关于日本主妇再就业的思考[J].日本问题研究,2003(4):14-17.
[27]张艳霞.城市非自愿离岗女性的社会支持系统──北京市个案研究[J].妇女研究论丛,2001(1):4-11.