工作家庭冲突影响工作满意度的社会性别比较研究
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摘要
基于CGSS2015数据构建回归模型,结合角色冲突理论,从社会性别的视角分析工作家庭冲突的两个方向与工作满意度间的关系。研究发现:工作-家庭冲突对工作满意度呈显著负向影响,且对男性工作者的影响略高于女性工作者,但家庭-工作冲突对工作满意度则不一定产生负向影响;同男性工作者相比,女性工作者的工作满意度受工作家庭冲突的整体影响更大;女性工作者的工作满意度主要受家庭-工作冲突的影响,而男性工作者的工作满意度主要受工作-家庭冲突的影响。预期之外还发现,家庭-工作冲突中"曾为家庭放弃好的工作机会"对女性工作者的工作满意度有正向影响。因此,建议从组织、家庭与个人三个层面加强沟通与理解、通力协作,才能处理好工作与家庭冲突。
Based on CGSS2015 data,a regression model was constructed,and the relationship between family conflicts and job satisfaction was analyzed from a gender perspective.The study finds that:work-family conflicts have a significant negative impact on job satisfaction,and the impact on male workers is slightly higher than female workers,but family-work conflicts do not necessarily have a negative impact on job satisfaction;compared with male workers,female workers' job satisfaction is more affected by work-family conflicts as a whole;female workers' job satisfaction is slightly higher than that of male workers.Family-work conflicts are the main factors affecting job satisfaction of male workers,while work-family conflicts are the main factors affecting job satisfaction of male workers.Beyond expectations,it is also found that family-work conflicts do not always have a negative impact on job satisfaction.Among them,"having given up good job opportunities for families"has a positive impact on women's job satisfaction.Therefore,it is suggested that communication and understanding should be strengthened and collaboration should be furthered from three levels of organization,family and individual in order to deal with work-family conflicts.
Based on CGSS2015 data,a regression model was constructed,and the relationship between family conflicts and job satisfaction was analyzed from a gender perspective.The study finds that:work-family conflicts have a significant negative impact on job satisfaction,and the impact on male workers is slightly higher than female workers,but family-work conflicts do not necessarily have a negative impact on job satisfaction;compared with male workers,female workers' job satisfaction is more affected by work-family conflicts as a whole;female workers' job satisfaction is slightly higher than that of male workers.Family-work conflicts are the main factors affecting job satisfaction of male workers,while work-family conflicts are the main factors affecting job satisfaction of male workers.Beyond expectations,it is also found that family-work conflicts do not always have a negative impact on job satisfaction.Among them,"having given up good job opportunities for families"has a positive impact on women's job satisfaction.Therefore,it is suggested that communication and understanding should be strengthened and collaboration should be furthered from three levels of organization,family and individual in order to deal with work-family conflicts.
引文
[1]李雪松.工作—家庭冲突对知识型员工工作满意度的影响——基于心理所有权的效应分析[J].现代管理科学,2012(8):99-101.
[2]妇女能顶半边天:中国妇女劳动参与率远超各主要经济体[EB/OL].(2017-05-28)[2018-06-10].https://www.guancha.cn/society/2017_05_28_410544_1.shtml.
[3]MARCH J G,SIMON H A.Organizations[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1958(1):105-132.
[4]GREENHAUS J H,BEUTELL N J.Sources of conflict between work and family roles[J].Academy of Management Review,1985(1).
[5]WILEY D L.The relationship between work/non-work role conflict and job-related outcomes:some unanticipated findings[J].Journal of Management,1987(3):467-472.
[6]BACHARACH S B,BAMBERGER P,CONLEY S.Work-home conflict among nurses and engineers:mediating the impact of role stress on burnout and satisfaction at work[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2010(1):39-53.
[7]GUTEK B A,SEARLE S,KLEPA L.Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1991(4):560-568.
[8]HIGGINS C A,DUXBURY L E.Work-family conflict:a comparison of dual-career and traditional-career men[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1992(4):389-411.
[9]FRONE M R,RUSSELL M,COOPER M L.Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict:testing a model of the work-family interface[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1992(1):65-78.
[10]PARKER L,ALLEN T D.Work/family benefits:variables related to employees'fairness perceptions[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2001(3):453-468.
[11]KOSSEK E E,OZEKI C.Work-family conflict,policies,and the job-life satisfaction relationship:a review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1998(2):139-149.
[12]ANAFARTA N.The relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction:a Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)approach[J].International Journal of Business&Management,2011(4).
[13]陈兴华,凌文辁,方俐洛.工作-家庭冲突及其平衡策略[J].外国经济与管理,2004(4):16-19.
[14]刘永强.工作-家庭冲突及其平衡策略研究综述[J].外国经济与管理,2006(10):51-57.
[15]张勉,魏钧,杨百寅.工作和家庭冲突的前因和后果变量:中国情景因素形成的差异[J].管理工程学报,2009(4).
[16]陆佳芳,时勘,LAWLER J J.工作家庭冲突的初步研究[J].应用心理学,2002(2).
[17]王永丽,邓静怡,何熟珍.角色投入对工作满意度和生活满意度的影响[J].管理评论,2009(5):61-69.
[18]李锡元,高婧.工作家庭冲突、上司支持感与工作满意度的关系研究——基于中层职业经理人的实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011(2):163-170.
[19]佟丽君,周春淼.企业员工工作-家庭冲突对工作和生活满意度的影响——大五人格的调节作用检验[J].心理科学,2009(3):604-606.
[20]祁玉龙.工作家庭冲突与员工工作满意度的关系研究:员工心理韧性的调节作用[J].理论与改革,2015(1):112-115.
[21]於嘉.性别观念、现代化与女性的家务劳动时间[J].社会,2014(2):166-192.
[22]佟新,刘爱玉.城镇双职工家庭夫妻合作型家务劳动模式——基于2010年中国第三期妇女地位调查[J].中国社会科学,2015(6):96-111.
[23]KAHN R L,WOLFE D M,QUINN R P,et al.Organizational stress:studies in role conflict and ambiguity[J].American Journal of Sociology,1964(1):103-104.
[24]许琪,戚晶晶.工作-家庭冲突、性别角色与工作满意度——基于第三期中国妇女社会地位调查的实证研究[J].社会,2016(3).
[25]马威,曹亮,朱妍.关于工作满意度的测量方法研究[J].企业活力,2006(5):56-57.
[26]卢嘉,时勘,杨继锋.工作满意度的评价结构和方法[J].中国人力资源开发,2001(1):15-17.
[27]NETEMEYER R G,BOLES J S,MCMURRIAN R.Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1996(4):400-410.
[28]CARLSON D S,KACMAR K M,WILLIAMS L J.Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work-family conflict[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2000(2):249-276.
[29]吴晓刚,张卓妮.户口、职业隔离与中国城镇的收入不平等[J].中国社会科学,2014(6):118-140.
[30]GRANDEY A A,CORDEIRO B L,CROUTER A C.A longitudinal and multi-source test of the work-family conflict and job satisfaction relationship[J].Journal of Occupational&Organizational Psychology,2005(3):305-323.
[31]王永丽,何熟珍.工作家庭冲突研究综述:跨文化视角[J].管理评论,2008(5).
(1)由于度量工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作冲突的问题内容较长,表2中仅作简单描述。
[2]妇女能顶半边天:中国妇女劳动参与率远超各主要经济体[EB/OL].(2017-05-28)[2018-06-10].https://www.guancha.cn/society/2017_05_28_410544_1.shtml.
[3]MARCH J G,SIMON H A.Organizations[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,1958(1):105-132.
[4]GREENHAUS J H,BEUTELL N J.Sources of conflict between work and family roles[J].Academy of Management Review,1985(1).
[5]WILEY D L.The relationship between work/non-work role conflict and job-related outcomes:some unanticipated findings[J].Journal of Management,1987(3):467-472.
[6]BACHARACH S B,BAMBERGER P,CONLEY S.Work-home conflict among nurses and engineers:mediating the impact of role stress on burnout and satisfaction at work[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,2010(1):39-53.
[7]GUTEK B A,SEARLE S,KLEPA L.Rational versus gender role explanations for work-family conflict[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1991(4):560-568.
[8]HIGGINS C A,DUXBURY L E.Work-family conflict:a comparison of dual-career and traditional-career men[J].Journal of Organizational Behavior,1992(4):389-411.
[9]FRONE M R,RUSSELL M,COOPER M L.Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict:testing a model of the work-family interface[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1992(1):65-78.
[10]PARKER L,ALLEN T D.Work/family benefits:variables related to employees'fairness perceptions[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2001(3):453-468.
[11]KOSSEK E E,OZEKI C.Work-family conflict,policies,and the job-life satisfaction relationship:a review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1998(2):139-149.
[12]ANAFARTA N.The relationship between work-family conflict and job satisfaction:a Structural Equation Modeling(SEM)approach[J].International Journal of Business&Management,2011(4).
[13]陈兴华,凌文辁,方俐洛.工作-家庭冲突及其平衡策略[J].外国经济与管理,2004(4):16-19.
[14]刘永强.工作-家庭冲突及其平衡策略研究综述[J].外国经济与管理,2006(10):51-57.
[15]张勉,魏钧,杨百寅.工作和家庭冲突的前因和后果变量:中国情景因素形成的差异[J].管理工程学报,2009(4).
[16]陆佳芳,时勘,LAWLER J J.工作家庭冲突的初步研究[J].应用心理学,2002(2).
[17]王永丽,邓静怡,何熟珍.角色投入对工作满意度和生活满意度的影响[J].管理评论,2009(5):61-69.
[18]李锡元,高婧.工作家庭冲突、上司支持感与工作满意度的关系研究——基于中层职业经理人的实证分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011(2):163-170.
[19]佟丽君,周春淼.企业员工工作-家庭冲突对工作和生活满意度的影响——大五人格的调节作用检验[J].心理科学,2009(3):604-606.
[20]祁玉龙.工作家庭冲突与员工工作满意度的关系研究:员工心理韧性的调节作用[J].理论与改革,2015(1):112-115.
[21]於嘉.性别观念、现代化与女性的家务劳动时间[J].社会,2014(2):166-192.
[22]佟新,刘爱玉.城镇双职工家庭夫妻合作型家务劳动模式——基于2010年中国第三期妇女地位调查[J].中国社会科学,2015(6):96-111.
[23]KAHN R L,WOLFE D M,QUINN R P,et al.Organizational stress:studies in role conflict and ambiguity[J].American Journal of Sociology,1964(1):103-104.
[24]许琪,戚晶晶.工作-家庭冲突、性别角色与工作满意度——基于第三期中国妇女社会地位调查的实证研究[J].社会,2016(3).
[25]马威,曹亮,朱妍.关于工作满意度的测量方法研究[J].企业活力,2006(5):56-57.
[26]卢嘉,时勘,杨继锋.工作满意度的评价结构和方法[J].中国人力资源开发,2001(1):15-17.
[27]NETEMEYER R G,BOLES J S,MCMURRIAN R.Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1996(4):400-410.
[28]CARLSON D S,KACMAR K M,WILLIAMS L J.Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work-family conflict[J].Journal of Vocational Behavior,2000(2):249-276.
[29]吴晓刚,张卓妮.户口、职业隔离与中国城镇的收入不平等[J].中国社会科学,2014(6):118-140.
[30]GRANDEY A A,CORDEIRO B L,CROUTER A C.A longitudinal and multi-source test of the work-family conflict and job satisfaction relationship[J].Journal of Occupational&Organizational Psychology,2005(3):305-323.
[31]王永丽,何熟珍.工作家庭冲突研究综述:跨文化视角[J].管理评论,2008(5).
(1)由于度量工作-家庭冲突和家庭-工作冲突的问题内容较长,表2中仅作简单描述。