新课程背景下高中教师工作技能检视:基于中美比较
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摘要
新课程背景下,我国高中教师的工作技能结构亟待更新。使用O*NET工作分析系统中的工作技能问卷,采用分层随机抽样方法,调查广东省4所中学的209位教师,并与美国高中教师常模数据进行比较。结果表明:中美高中教师工作技能具有不同的结构模型;中国高中教师在工作技能上重"传道"与"解惑",轻"授业",操作分析、指导、系统分析、主动聆听、学习策略、谈话等基本技能和认知技能是薄弱项。为了提升自己的工作技能,我国高中教师在教学中可尝试以主体性教学思想为指导,践行"做中学"的教学理念,同时适当采用比喻、案例、模拟/虚拟、多媒体演示等教学表达方式。
Under the background of new curriculum,the structure of working skills for the senior high school teachers needs to be updated urgently. Using working skills questionnaire by the O* NET working analysis system,a stratified sampling method was used to survey 209 teachers from four middle schools in Guangdong Province,and compared with the norm data of American senior high school teachers. The results show that the working skills of Chinese and American senior high school teachers have different structural models;Chinese senior high school teachers focus on"propagating the doctrine"and"resolving doubts"in their working skills,and lightly"imparting professional knowledge",basic skills and cognitive skills such as operational analysis,guidance,system analysis,active listening,learning strategies and conversation are weak items. To improve their working skills,senior high school teachers in our country can try to take the subjective teaching thoughts as guidance and advocate the teaching method of "learning by doing". At the same time,metaphors,cases,simulation/virtual,multimedia presentations and other teaching expressions should be adopted appropriately.
Under the background of new curriculum,the structure of working skills for the senior high school teachers needs to be updated urgently. Using working skills questionnaire by the O* NET working analysis system,a stratified sampling method was used to survey 209 teachers from four middle schools in Guangdong Province,and compared with the norm data of American senior high school teachers. The results show that the working skills of Chinese and American senior high school teachers have different structural models;Chinese senior high school teachers focus on"propagating the doctrine"and"resolving doubts"in their working skills,and lightly"imparting professional knowledge",basic skills and cognitive skills such as operational analysis,guidance,system analysis,active listening,learning strategies and conversation are weak items. To improve their working skills,senior high school teachers in our country can try to take the subjective teaching thoughts as guidance and advocate the teaching method of "learning by doing". At the same time,metaphors,cases,simulation/virtual,multimedia presentations and other teaching expressions should be adopted appropriately.
引文
[1]Sackett,P.R.,&Laczo,R.M.Job and Work Analysis[M].In W.C.Borman,D.R.Ilgen,&R.J.Klimoski(Eds.),Handbook of Psychology,Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,2003.
[2]黎光明,牛端,向祖强.教师胜任特征模型的构建:基于BEI和O*NET的整合[J].教育测量与评价,2014(5):8-12.
[3]李文东,时勘.工作分析研究的新趋势[J].心理科学进展,2006,14(3):418-425.
[4]黎光明,牛端.中美高中教师工作的比较研究[J].上海教育科研,2015(11):28-30.
[5]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002.
[6]徐建平.中小学教师胜任力模型:一项行为事件访谈研究[J].教育研究,2006(1):57-61.
(1)美国高中教师的答题表现请参见网址http://www.onetcenter.org/supplemental.html中的List of Occupations。
(2)O*NET美国高中教师的常模数据请查阅Database19.0,网址为http://www.onetcenter.org/database.html?p=2。
[2]黎光明,牛端,向祖强.教师胜任特征模型的构建:基于BEI和O*NET的整合[J].教育测量与评价,2014(5):8-12.
[3]李文东,时勘.工作分析研究的新趋势[J].心理科学进展,2006,14(3):418-425.
[4]黎光明,牛端.中美高中教师工作的比较研究[J].上海教育科研,2015(11):28-30.
[5]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2002.
[6]徐建平.中小学教师胜任力模型:一项行为事件访谈研究[J].教育研究,2006(1):57-61.
(1)美国高中教师的答题表现请参见网址http://www.onetcenter.org/supplemental.html中的List of Occupations。
(2)O*NET美国高中教师的常模数据请查阅Database19.0,网址为http://www.onetcenter.org/database.html?p=2。