猕猴胸骨柄性差及与锁骨、股骨长的相关性
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摘要
目的探讨猕猴胸骨柄性差特征、胸骨柄与锁骨、股骨长的相关性。方法太行山猕猴胸骨、锁骨和股骨标本45例(雄13例,雌32例)。选择6个线性测量变量,包括胸骨变量4个、锁骨长和股骨长。数据分析采用SPSS 22. 0统计学软件,计算变量之间相关系数和偏相关系数。性别之间差异采用独立样本t检验。受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析得到每个变量识别性别的灵敏度和特异度。结果 t检验显示胸骨变量性别差异显著(P<0. 05)。胸骨柄前面宽正确判别率较高(84. 4%),后面宽相对较低(66. 7%)。胸骨变量与锁骨长相关性较强,与股骨长相关性较弱,通过胸骨柄去推测猕猴个体大小时误差较大。结论利用猕猴个体的胸骨柄标本可以识别个体的性别。运动方式和生活习性是造成胸骨形态特征差异的主要因素。
Objective To evaluate the sexual dimorphism in the sternum,and further to investigate whether a correlation exists between the sternal variables and the length of the clavicle and femur. Methods We examined intact sterna,clavicle and thighbone from 45 Macaca mulatta( 13 males and 32 females). Six linear variables,including four sternal variables,length of clavicle and length of femur,were measured. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22. 0 package,and t-test was used to determine the difference between sexes. A receiver-operator characteristic( ROC) curve analysis was conducted in order to identify the sensitivity and specificity of gender identification of each variable. The sex discrimination rate of each variable was derived using the discriminant analysis. Results The sexual differences of sternal variables were statistically significant( P < 0. 05). The correct discrimination rate was higher in anterior width of sternum( 84. 4%) and relatively lower in posterior width of sternum( 66. 7%). The correlation was higher between sternal variables and length of clavicle and weaker between sternal variables and length of femur. The error was larger when estimating stature using manubrium. Conclusion The manubrium of Macaca mulatta can be used for estimation of sex. The principal factors influencing sternum morphology may be locomotor and habit behavior.
Objective To evaluate the sexual dimorphism in the sternum,and further to investigate whether a correlation exists between the sternal variables and the length of the clavicle and femur. Methods We examined intact sterna,clavicle and thighbone from 45 Macaca mulatta( 13 males and 32 females). Six linear variables,including four sternal variables,length of clavicle and length of femur,were measured. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 22. 0 package,and t-test was used to determine the difference between sexes. A receiver-operator characteristic( ROC) curve analysis was conducted in order to identify the sensitivity and specificity of gender identification of each variable. The sex discrimination rate of each variable was derived using the discriminant analysis. Results The sexual differences of sternal variables were statistically significant( P < 0. 05). The correct discrimination rate was higher in anterior width of sternum( 84. 4%) and relatively lower in posterior width of sternum( 66. 7%). The correlation was higher between sternal variables and length of clavicle and weaker between sternal variables and length of femur. The error was larger when estimating stature using manubrium. Conclusion The manubrium of Macaca mulatta can be used for estimation of sex. The principal factors influencing sternum morphology may be locomotor and habit behavior.
引文
[1]Wang FL,Wang G,Yang ChM,et al.Research progress on sex determination from morphology of sternum[J].Forensic Science and Technology,2015,40(1):67-69.(in Chinese)王福磊,王刚,杨超明,等.胸骨性别判定的研究进展[J].刑事技术,2015,40(1):67-69.
[2]Yonguc GN,Kurtulus A,Bayazit O,et al.Estimation of stature and sex from sternal lengths:an autopsy study[J].Anat Sci Int,2015,90(2):89-96.
[3]Macaluso PJ Jr.The efficacy of sterna measurements for sex estimation in South African blacks[J].Forensic Sci Int,2010,202(1-3):111.e1-7.
[4]Song J,Wang FCh,Mao XJ,et al.Sex differences of clavicles in Macaca mulatta[J].Journal of He’nan Normal University,2014,42(1):129-132.(in Chinese)宋洁,王凤产,毛晓静,等.太行山猕猴锁骨性差研究[J].河南师范大学学报,2014,42(1):129-132.
[5]Zhao XJ,Tian HX,Hu HY,et al.Sex differences in the relative lengths of phalange in rhesus macaques(Macaca Mulatta)from the Taihang mountains[J].Acta Aantomica Sinica,2015,46(5):673-678.(in Chinese)赵晓进,田华香,胡海洋,等.太行山猕猴指(趾)长比性差[J].解剖学报,2015,46(5):673-678.
[6]Osunwoke EA,Gwunireama IU,Orish CN,et al.A study of sexual dimorphism of the human sternum in the southern Nigerian population[J].J Applied Biosci,2010,26:1636-1639.
[7]Mobb GE,Wood BA.Allometry and sexual dimorphism in the primate innominate bone[J].Am J Ana,1977,150(4):531-537.
[8]Akhlaghi M,Moradi B,Hajibeygi M.Sex determination using anthropometric dimensions of the clavicle in Iranian population[J].J Forensic Legal Med,2012,19(7):381-385.
[9]Papaioannou VA,Kranioti EF,Joveneaux P,et al.Sexual dimorphism of the scapula and the clavicle in a contemporary Greek population:Applications in forensic identification[J].Forensic Sci Int,2012,217(1-3):231.e1-7.
[10]Jungers ML.Aspects of size and scaling in primate biology with special reference to the locomotor skeleton[J].Yearbook Phys Anthropol,1984,27(S5):73-79.
[11]Hu HY,Wang FCh,Hu FX,et al.Sex determination of logistic regression from the metatarsal measurements in Macaca mulatta[J].Journal of He’nan Normal University,2015,43(1):125-129.(in Chinese)胡海洋,王凤产,胡凤霞,等.太行山猕猴跖骨性差的逻辑回归分析[J].河南师范大学学报,2015,43(1):125-129.
[12]Wood BA.The nature and basis of sexual dimorphism in the primate skeleton[J].J Zool,1976,180(1):15-34.
[13]Marinho L,Almeida D,Santos A,et al.Is the length of the sternum reliable for estimating adult stature?A pilot study using fresh sterna and a test of two methods using dry sterna[J].Forensic Sci Int,2012,220(1-3):292.e1-4.
[14]Singh J,Pathak RK,Chavali KH.Skeletal height estimating from regression analysis of sterna lengths in a Northwest Indian population of Chandigarh region:a postmortem study[J].Forensic Sci Int,2012,206:211.e1-8.
[15]Salem NH,Aissaoui A,Mesrati MA,et al.Age estimation from the sternal end of the fourth rib:A study of the validity of Iscan’s Method in Tunisian male population[J].Legal Med,2014,16(6):385-389.
[16]Alwell MT,Middleton ER,Ward CV.Sternum morphology and locomotor adaptation in anthropoid primates[J].FASEB J,2016,30(1_suppl):1037.6.
[17]Zhao XJ,Wang XL,Dang XY,et al.Sex difference in the length ratios of metapodials in Macaca mulatta from the Taihang Mountains[J].Acta Aantomica Sinica,2009,40(6):993-996.(in Chinese)赵晓进,王训练,党晓云,等.太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度比率的性别差别[J].解剖学报,2009,40(6):993-996.
[2]Yonguc GN,Kurtulus A,Bayazit O,et al.Estimation of stature and sex from sternal lengths:an autopsy study[J].Anat Sci Int,2015,90(2):89-96.
[3]Macaluso PJ Jr.The efficacy of sterna measurements for sex estimation in South African blacks[J].Forensic Sci Int,2010,202(1-3):111.e1-7.
[4]Song J,Wang FCh,Mao XJ,et al.Sex differences of clavicles in Macaca mulatta[J].Journal of He’nan Normal University,2014,42(1):129-132.(in Chinese)宋洁,王凤产,毛晓静,等.太行山猕猴锁骨性差研究[J].河南师范大学学报,2014,42(1):129-132.
[5]Zhao XJ,Tian HX,Hu HY,et al.Sex differences in the relative lengths of phalange in rhesus macaques(Macaca Mulatta)from the Taihang mountains[J].Acta Aantomica Sinica,2015,46(5):673-678.(in Chinese)赵晓进,田华香,胡海洋,等.太行山猕猴指(趾)长比性差[J].解剖学报,2015,46(5):673-678.
[6]Osunwoke EA,Gwunireama IU,Orish CN,et al.A study of sexual dimorphism of the human sternum in the southern Nigerian population[J].J Applied Biosci,2010,26:1636-1639.
[7]Mobb GE,Wood BA.Allometry and sexual dimorphism in the primate innominate bone[J].Am J Ana,1977,150(4):531-537.
[8]Akhlaghi M,Moradi B,Hajibeygi M.Sex determination using anthropometric dimensions of the clavicle in Iranian population[J].J Forensic Legal Med,2012,19(7):381-385.
[9]Papaioannou VA,Kranioti EF,Joveneaux P,et al.Sexual dimorphism of the scapula and the clavicle in a contemporary Greek population:Applications in forensic identification[J].Forensic Sci Int,2012,217(1-3):231.e1-7.
[10]Jungers ML.Aspects of size and scaling in primate biology with special reference to the locomotor skeleton[J].Yearbook Phys Anthropol,1984,27(S5):73-79.
[11]Hu HY,Wang FCh,Hu FX,et al.Sex determination of logistic regression from the metatarsal measurements in Macaca mulatta[J].Journal of He’nan Normal University,2015,43(1):125-129.(in Chinese)胡海洋,王凤产,胡凤霞,等.太行山猕猴跖骨性差的逻辑回归分析[J].河南师范大学学报,2015,43(1):125-129.
[12]Wood BA.The nature and basis of sexual dimorphism in the primate skeleton[J].J Zool,1976,180(1):15-34.
[13]Marinho L,Almeida D,Santos A,et al.Is the length of the sternum reliable for estimating adult stature?A pilot study using fresh sterna and a test of two methods using dry sterna[J].Forensic Sci Int,2012,220(1-3):292.e1-4.
[14]Singh J,Pathak RK,Chavali KH.Skeletal height estimating from regression analysis of sterna lengths in a Northwest Indian population of Chandigarh region:a postmortem study[J].Forensic Sci Int,2012,206:211.e1-8.
[15]Salem NH,Aissaoui A,Mesrati MA,et al.Age estimation from the sternal end of the fourth rib:A study of the validity of Iscan’s Method in Tunisian male population[J].Legal Med,2014,16(6):385-389.
[16]Alwell MT,Middleton ER,Ward CV.Sternum morphology and locomotor adaptation in anthropoid primates[J].FASEB J,2016,30(1_suppl):1037.6.
[17]Zhao XJ,Wang XL,Dang XY,et al.Sex difference in the length ratios of metapodials in Macaca mulatta from the Taihang Mountains[J].Acta Aantomica Sinica,2009,40(6):993-996.(in Chinese)赵晓进,王训练,党晓云,等.太行山猕猴掌骨和蹠骨长度比率的性别差别[J].解剖学报,2009,40(6):993-996.