喀斯特山区农村户用型饮水自动消毒装置构建及应用研究
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摘要
针对喀斯特山区农村工程性缺水严重、农村分散供水微生物超标问题突出、饮用水水质消毒技术及装置缺乏等现状,研发了户用型饮水自动消毒装置,并进行了消毒运行参数及消毒效果研究。该装置以廉价的食盐为消毒剂的原料,将电解槽、消毒槽以及自动控制单元组合起来实现了消毒装置的小型化、模块化和自动化,采用消毒液一次制备、自动投加、多次消毒的运行方式,对山区农村常用的微生物超标的雨水和山泉水进行自动消毒。对消毒装置运行参数及消毒效果进行实验,结果表明:该装置运行参数选择盐水浓度为20 g/L,电解时间15~20 min,消毒时间为5~10 min,装置出水微生物指标完全满足饮用水卫生标准,单位运行成本低至0.4元/m3。该装置可廉价优质地满足山区农村用户及时获取所需的安全饮水。
The household automatic disinfection device for drinking water is studied and developed to provide safe drinking water in Karst mountainous areas,where the phenomenon of engineering water shortage is prominent,microorganism index exceeds the water quality standards and there is a shortage of technology and equipment for household drinking water disinfection. The device combines the electrolytic tank using salt as disinfectant materials,disinfection tank and automatic control parts together to achieve the device miniaturization,modularization and automation. The rainwater or Karst spring water, which is used commonly in rural areas but contains excessive microorganism,can be sterilized automatically by the device. The device produces disinfectant for one time and can sterilize drinking water many times. The study shows that under the salt concentration of 20 g/L and electrolysis time of 15 ~ 20 min,the effluent water of the device satisfies the hygienic standards for drinking water through disinfection of 5 ~ 10 min. The running cost is lowered to 0. 4 yuan/m3. The household automatic disinfection device for drinking water can satisfy the hygienic standards in Karst mountainous areas effectively.
The household automatic disinfection device for drinking water is studied and developed to provide safe drinking water in Karst mountainous areas,where the phenomenon of engineering water shortage is prominent,microorganism index exceeds the water quality standards and there is a shortage of technology and equipment for household drinking water disinfection. The device combines the electrolytic tank using salt as disinfectant materials,disinfection tank and automatic control parts together to achieve the device miniaturization,modularization and automation. The rainwater or Karst spring water, which is used commonly in rural areas but contains excessive microorganism,can be sterilized automatically by the device. The device produces disinfectant for one time and can sterilize drinking water many times. The study shows that under the salt concentration of 20 g/L and electrolysis time of 15 ~ 20 min,the effluent water of the device satisfies the hygienic standards for drinking water through disinfection of 5 ~ 10 min. The running cost is lowered to 0. 4 yuan/m3. The household automatic disinfection device for drinking water can satisfy the hygienic standards in Karst mountainous areas effectively.
引文
[1]贾燕南,杨继富,赵翠,等.农村供水消毒技术及设备选择方法与标准[J].中国水利,2014,(13):47-50.
[2]戴向前,刘昌明,李丽娟.我国农村饮水安全问题探讨与对策[J].地理学报,2007,(9):907-916.
[3]莫涛,高干,张乐昕,等.西南地区农村工程性缺水成因分析[J].中国水利,2013,(8):25-27.
[4]高渐飞,熊康宁,覃焕勋.基于极度干旱条件下的喀斯特峡谷区水资源利用方式——以贵州花江峡谷示范区为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(9):119-122,127.
[5]朱文孝,李坡,贺卫,等.贵州喀斯特山区工程性缺水解决的出路与关键科技问题[J].贵州科学,2006,(1):1-7.
[6]孙长贵,艾阳泉,魏新平.农村小集中和分散供水的水处理技术与设备[J].中国农村水利水电,2013,(2):52-54.
[7]李连香,刘文朝,宋实,等.温度对网格型次氯酸钠发生器运行效果的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(12):87-90.
[8]GB 28233-2011,次氯酸钠发生器安全与卫生标准[S].
[9]李晓琴,贾燕南,胡孟,等.电解参数对不同电极次氯酸钠发生器运行效果影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014,(2):39-42,45.
[10]严煦世.给水排水工程快速设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995.
[11]GB/T 5750.11-2006,生活饮用水标准检验方法——消毒剂指标[S].
[12]GB/T 5750.12-2006,生活饮用水标准检验方法——微生物指标[S〗.
[13]罗凡,董滨,何群彪.饮用水消毒技术的应用及其研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,(S2):393-396.
[14]GB/T 5750.1-2006,生活饮用水标准检验方法——总则[S].
[15]刘小云,舒为群,李阳.地表水中耐热大肠菌群对10种常用抗生素的耐药性研究[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2005,(3):164-167.
[16]王德东,钟嶷,黄仁德,等.2013-2015年广州市水源水中耐热大肠菌群分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2016,(5):380-382.
[17]刘珂.次氯酸钠发生器技术的研究与应用[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[18]孙其家,仲春林.不同p H及温度对饮用水消毒效果的影响[J].现代预防医学,2003,(4):579-580.
[2]戴向前,刘昌明,李丽娟.我国农村饮水安全问题探讨与对策[J].地理学报,2007,(9):907-916.
[3]莫涛,高干,张乐昕,等.西南地区农村工程性缺水成因分析[J].中国水利,2013,(8):25-27.
[4]高渐飞,熊康宁,覃焕勋.基于极度干旱条件下的喀斯特峡谷区水资源利用方式——以贵州花江峡谷示范区为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(9):119-122,127.
[5]朱文孝,李坡,贺卫,等.贵州喀斯特山区工程性缺水解决的出路与关键科技问题[J].贵州科学,2006,(1):1-7.
[6]孙长贵,艾阳泉,魏新平.农村小集中和分散供水的水处理技术与设备[J].中国农村水利水电,2013,(2):52-54.
[7]李连香,刘文朝,宋实,等.温度对网格型次氯酸钠发生器运行效果的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2015,(12):87-90.
[8]GB 28233-2011,次氯酸钠发生器安全与卫生标准[S].
[9]李晓琴,贾燕南,胡孟,等.电解参数对不同电极次氯酸钠发生器运行效果影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2014,(2):39-42,45.
[10]严煦世.给水排水工程快速设计手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1995.
[11]GB/T 5750.11-2006,生活饮用水标准检验方法——消毒剂指标[S].
[12]GB/T 5750.12-2006,生活饮用水标准检验方法——微生物指标[S〗.
[13]罗凡,董滨,何群彪.饮用水消毒技术的应用及其研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2010,(S2):393-396.
[14]GB/T 5750.1-2006,生活饮用水标准检验方法——总则[S].
[15]刘小云,舒为群,李阳.地表水中耐热大肠菌群对10种常用抗生素的耐药性研究[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2005,(3):164-167.
[16]王德东,钟嶷,黄仁德,等.2013-2015年广州市水源水中耐热大肠菌群分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2016,(5):380-382.
[17]刘珂.次氯酸钠发生器技术的研究与应用[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[18]孙其家,仲春林.不同p H及温度对饮用水消毒效果的影响[J].现代预防医学,2003,(4):579-580.