油田污水电化学诱导防垢新技术
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摘要
针对油田注水开发中加阻垢剂进行污水防垢处理时存在药剂作用距离有限、效果受环境因素变化影响的问题,提出了电化学诱导防垢的技术思路,并开展了试验研究。设计了室内评价装置并进行了试验,重点考察了诱导防垢处理前后污水中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)质量浓度的变化情况;加工了现场小试装置,并在FM污水处理站进行了评价试验,考察了处理前后污水中阴离子、阳离子含量的变化情况。通过室内试验,优化了电极材料、极板间距、阴极面积、水流形式等电化学诱导防垢参数。现场试验结果显示,FM站污水经诱导防垢处理后,水中Ca~(2+)质量浓度下降了18.2%、HCO3-质量浓度下降了23.6%;Scalechem 3.1垢化学分析软件预测显示,污水理论结垢量下降了43.4%。研究结果表明,电化学诱导防垢技术可以有效去除污水中的成垢离子,从而起到较好的防垢效果。
During waterflood operations in field development,attempts to reduce scale formation from produced formation waters are often negatively affected by short anti-scaling distance and environmental influences.To solve this problem,a new technique of scaling prevention by electrochemical induction was introduced,and laboratory and field tests were developed.To evaluate the new electrochemical induction scaling prevention technique in the laboratory,experimental apparatus were designed,and the mass concentrations of Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)were tested before and after the electrochemically induced scaling prevention.In addition,field site test units were also installed to assess the performance of this technique in the FM produced water treatment station,and the anion and cation contents were measured before and after the electrochemical induction.Parameters of anti-scaling by electrochemical induction such as electrode materials,polar plate spacing,cathode area and water flow pattern were optimized in laboratory tests.The results of field tests indicated that Ca~(2+)content in the produced water at the FM station decreased by18.2%,HCO-3by 23.6%,and the theoretical water scaling content reduced by 43.4% after the electrochemically induced scaling prevention as estimated from Scalechem 3.1,a chemical scale analysis software.In summary,the results showed that using an electrochemical induction scaling prevention technique could efficiently remove the scaled ions from produced formation water,and result in good anti-scaling effects.
During waterflood operations in field development,attempts to reduce scale formation from produced formation waters are often negatively affected by short anti-scaling distance and environmental influences.To solve this problem,a new technique of scaling prevention by electrochemical induction was introduced,and laboratory and field tests were developed.To evaluate the new electrochemical induction scaling prevention technique in the laboratory,experimental apparatus were designed,and the mass concentrations of Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)were tested before and after the electrochemically induced scaling prevention.In addition,field site test units were also installed to assess the performance of this technique in the FM produced water treatment station,and the anion and cation contents were measured before and after the electrochemical induction.Parameters of anti-scaling by electrochemical induction such as electrode materials,polar plate spacing,cathode area and water flow pattern were optimized in laboratory tests.The results of field tests indicated that Ca~(2+)content in the produced water at the FM station decreased by18.2%,HCO-3by 23.6%,and the theoretical water scaling content reduced by 43.4% after the electrochemically induced scaling prevention as estimated from Scalechem 3.1,a chemical scale analysis software.In summary,the results showed that using an electrochemical induction scaling prevention technique could efficiently remove the scaled ions from produced formation water,and result in good anti-scaling effects.
引文
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[3]李海波,张舰.油田防垢技术及其应用进展[J].化学工业与工程技术,2012,33(4):40-43.LI Haibo,ZHANG Jian.Oilfield inhibition technology and application progress[J].Journal of Chemical Industry&Engineering,2012,33(4):40-43.
[4]徐振峰,马广彦,冯彦田,等.油田结垢治理技术的改进与提高[J].石油工业技术监督,2004,20(4):10-11.XU Zhenfeng,MA Guangyan,FENG Yantian,et al.Improvements on treatment technology for scale formation in oilfields[J].Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry,2004,20(4):10-11.
[5]徐军,陶荣德,李养池,等.油田结垢机理及阻垢剂评价方法探讨[J].广州化工,2013,41(16):18-19,31.XU Jun,TAO Rongde,LI Yangchi,et al.Oilfield scale formation mechanism and evaluation methods of scale inhibitors[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2013,41(16):18-19,31.
[6]朱义吾.油田开发中的结垢机理及其防治技术[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1995:1-50.ZHU Yiwu.The scaling mechanism and its inhibition technology in oilfield development[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1995:1-50.
[7]付亚荣.人工鱼群算法在油井防腐阻垢设计中的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2010,38(3):101-103.FU Yarong.Oil well corrosion prevention design using artificial fish-swarm algorithm[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2010,38(3):101-103.
[8]樊泽霞,任韶然,王杰祥,等.油井化学防垢复合挤注技术室内研究及现场应用[J].石油钻探技术,2007,35(4):84-86.FAN Zexia,REN Shaoran,WANG Jiexiang,et al.Lab tests and field applications of chemical anti-scale and squeezing technique[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2007,35(4):84-86.
[9]李诗吉,徐莹,刘春鹏,等.油田污水水垢控制器除防垢机理研究及其应用效果分析[J].中外能源,2014,19(4):85-88.LI Shiji,XU Ying,LIU Chunpeng,et al.The research on oilfield scale controller mechanism and application effect[J].SinoGlobal Energy,2014,19(4):85-88.
[10]雒和敏,张荣辉,铁成军,等.姬塬油田集输系统工艺法防垢模式的评价[J].石油工程建设,2014,40(4):64-67.LUO Hemin,ZHANG Ronghui,TIE Chengjun,et al.Evaluation of process method for scale prevention in transport and gathering system of Jiyuan Oilfield[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2014,40(4):64-67.
[11]常辉,郑锋,徐卫峰,等.物理防垢技术在大牛地气田的应用[J].断块油气田,2015,22(3):405-408.CHANG Hui,ZHENG Feng,XU Weifeng,et al.Application of physical scale prevention technology in Daniudi Gas Field[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2015,22(3):405-408.