低气压下开关柜空气间隙工频放电特性
|
摘要
开关柜内裸露的导体之间易形成各种空气间隙,其工频放电特性对开关柜的绝缘性能有很大的影响。为得到开关柜内不同空气间隙类型在高海拔下的工频放电特性及其影响因素,以40.5 kV开关柜母线室存在的4种典型的空气间隙及棒-板间隙为研究对象,在人工气候实验室进行了海拔232~3000 m下的低气压工频放电特性试验。结果表明:开关柜内不同空气间隙类型的放电电压U明显不同,放电电压U随气压P下降的趋势也不同;在开关柜空气间隙海拔校正时,湿度h对间隙放电电压的影响较小,仅简单考虑气压是可行的;开关柜空气间隙的电场分布比棒-板间隙更不均匀,其放电电压U可能比棒-板间隙更低;此外,开关柜空气间隙在间隙距离d小于400 mm时放电电压U与距离d呈非线性关系。
Bare conductors in switchgear can form complicated air gaps.And AC flashover performance of these air gaps can greatly affect switchgear insulation performance.Thus,it is necessary to study the AC flashover performance of air gaps in switchgear,especially in high altitude area,and its influencing factors.In this paper,AC discharge experiment of 4 typical air gaps in bus chamber of a 40.5 kV switchgear were conducted with rod-plane air gap as reference.Then the samples were put into climate chamber and high altitude environment were simulated.Test results showed that the AC flashover performances of 4 typical air gaps are different from each other,and decreasing trends of discharge voltage U with decrement of air pressure P are also different.Influence of humidity h on U is small so that it is acceptable to perform altitude correction for air gap in switchgear only considering P.Electrical field distribution of the air gaps in switchgear is more uneven than that for rod-plane air gap,and discharge voltage U of the air gaps might be lower than that for rod-plane gap.Besides,relationship between air gap distance d and U are nonlinear when d is less than 400 mm.
Bare conductors in switchgear can form complicated air gaps.And AC flashover performance of these air gaps can greatly affect switchgear insulation performance.Thus,it is necessary to study the AC flashover performance of air gaps in switchgear,especially in high altitude area,and its influencing factors.In this paper,AC discharge experiment of 4 typical air gaps in bus chamber of a 40.5 kV switchgear were conducted with rod-plane air gap as reference.Then the samples were put into climate chamber and high altitude environment were simulated.Test results showed that the AC flashover performances of 4 typical air gaps are different from each other,and decreasing trends of discharge voltage U with decrement of air pressure P are also different.Influence of humidity h on U is small so that it is acceptable to perform altitude correction for air gap in switchgear only considering P.Electrical field distribution of the air gaps in switchgear is more uneven than that for rod-plane air gap,and discharge voltage U of the air gaps might be lower than that for rod-plane gap.Besides,relationship between air gap distance d and U are nonlinear when d is less than 400 mm.
引文
[1]潘长明,刘刚,熊炬,等.高压开关柜绝缘事故的分析及防范措施[J].高压电器,2011,47(7):90-93.Pan Changming,Liu Gang,Xiong Ju,et al.High voltage switchgear insulation accident's analysis and counter measures[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(7):90-93(in Chinese).
[2]余炎雄.高海拔对中压开关柜影响的探讨[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(5):108-111.Yu Yanxiong.Discussion on the effect of high elevation to the features of MV switchgear cabinet[J].Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology,2009,38(5):108-111(in Chinese).
[3]刘柱揆,丁心志,陈福明,等.开关柜电弧故障及其测量方法研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1345-1349.Liu Zhukui,Ding Xinzhi,Chen Fuming,et al.Research on switchgear arc discharge fault and its measurement[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1345-1349(in Chinese).
[4]辛业春,崔金栋,周川,等.基于多变量多尺度云样本熵和模糊支持向量机的开关柜故障分类[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3597-3603.Xin Yechun,Cui Jindong,Zhou Chuan,et al.Fault classification for smart switchgear based on multivariate multiscale cloud sample entropy and fuzzy support vector machine[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3597-3603(in Chinese).
[5]DL/T 404—2007,3.6~40.5 kV交流金属封闭开关设备和控制设备[S].
[6]GB/T 11022—2011,高压开关设备和控制设备标准的共用技术要求[S].
[7]赵智亮.海拔4000 m以上短间隙和绝缘子串放电特性及电压校正研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.
[8]王军.低气压下棒-板空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电特性及校正的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[9]王磊,赵现平,董俊,等.2000 m海拔35 kV开关柜母排结构安全净距试验研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(4):66-70.Wang Lei,Zhao Xianping,Dong Jun,et al.Experimental study on net safety distance of 35 kV switchgear bus structure in 2000 meters altitude[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(4):66-70(in Chinese).
[10]刘有为,郑健超.湿度对绝缘表面工频闪络电压的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(5):53-58.Liu Youwei,Zheng Jianchao.Influence of humidity on power flashover voltage along insulating surfaces[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(5):53-58(in Chinese).
[11]蒋兴良,于亮,胡建林,等.棒-板长空气间隙在低气压下雷电冲击特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):152-156.Jiang Xingliang,Yu Liang,Hu Jianlin,et al.Lightning impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of long air gaps at lower atmospheric pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(11):152-156(in Chinese).
[12]GB/T 16927.1—2011高电压试验技术第1部分:一般定义及试验要求[S].
[13]GB 311.1—2012绝缘配合第1部分:定义、原则和规则[S].
[14]徐勇,汪霄飞,朱英浩,等.大气条件对空气间隙放电特性的影响及其数值解析式[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(4):21-26.Xu Yong,Wang Xiaofei,Zhu Yinghao,et al.Effect of atmosphere condition on discharge characteristic of air gap and its analytic equation of numerical value[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(4):21-26(in Chinese).
[15]Hu J,Jiang X,Wang S,et al.Positive switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of 1-m rod-plane air gap[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(2):1247-1254.
[16]蒋兴良,王军,苑吉河,等.模拟与自然环境下0.5~1.5 m空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电电压校正方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(28):13-17.Jiang Xingliang,Wang Jun,Yuan Jihe,et al.Correction method of positive switching impulse discharge voltage for 0.5~1.0 m air gap under artificial and natural conditions[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(28):13-17(in Chinese).
[17]蒋兴良,孙才新,舒立春,等.正棒-板短间隙雷电冲击放电电压的海拔修正[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2003,26(3):77-81.Jiang Xingliang,Sun Caixin,Shu Lichun,et al.Study of lightning impulse breakdown voltage correction of positive rod-plate short air gaps on altitude[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science Edition,2003,26(3):77-81(in Chinese).
[18]蒋兴良,赵智亮,孙才新,等.低气压正棒-板短间隙操作冲击放电特性[J].高电压技术,2002,28(7):7-9.Jiang Xingliang,Zhao Zhiliang,Sun Caixin,et al.Switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction for positive rod-plane short air gaps in low air-pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2002,28(7):7-9(in Chinese).
[19]贾文卓.基于ANSYS的开关柜电场与温度场仿真计算[D].天津:天津大学,2013.
[20]叶成刚.35 kV在役开关柜绝缘结构改进研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012.
[21]Jiang X,Shu L,Hu J,et al.Positive switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of rod-plane air gap based on tests at high-altitude sites[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(1):302-310.
[22]Jiang X,Yuan Y,Bi M,et al.AC breakdown performance and voltage correction of rod-plane short air gap under rain conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2013,20(2):515-523.
[2]余炎雄.高海拔对中压开关柜影响的探讨[J].机电工程技术,2009,38(5):108-111.Yu Yanxiong.Discussion on the effect of high elevation to the features of MV switchgear cabinet[J].Mechanical&Electrical Engineering Technology,2009,38(5):108-111(in Chinese).
[3]刘柱揆,丁心志,陈福明,等.开关柜电弧故障及其测量方法研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1345-1349.Liu Zhukui,Ding Xinzhi,Chen Fuming,et al.Research on switchgear arc discharge fault and its measurement[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1345-1349(in Chinese).
[4]辛业春,崔金栋,周川,等.基于多变量多尺度云样本熵和模糊支持向量机的开关柜故障分类[J].电网技术,2016,40(11):3597-3603.Xin Yechun,Cui Jindong,Zhou Chuan,et al.Fault classification for smart switchgear based on multivariate multiscale cloud sample entropy and fuzzy support vector machine[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(11):3597-3603(in Chinese).
[5]DL/T 404—2007,3.6~40.5 kV交流金属封闭开关设备和控制设备[S].
[6]GB/T 11022—2011,高压开关设备和控制设备标准的共用技术要求[S].
[7]赵智亮.海拔4000 m以上短间隙和绝缘子串放电特性及电压校正研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.
[8]王军.低气压下棒-板空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电特性及校正的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[9]王磊,赵现平,董俊,等.2000 m海拔35 kV开关柜母排结构安全净距试验研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(4):66-70.Wang Lei,Zhao Xianping,Dong Jun,et al.Experimental study on net safety distance of 35 kV switchgear bus structure in 2000 meters altitude[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(4):66-70(in Chinese).
[10]刘有为,郑健超.湿度对绝缘表面工频闪络电压的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(5):53-58.Liu Youwei,Zheng Jianchao.Influence of humidity on power flashover voltage along insulating surfaces[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(5):53-58(in Chinese).
[11]蒋兴良,于亮,胡建林,等.棒-板长空气间隙在低气压下雷电冲击特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):152-156.Jiang Xingliang,Yu Liang,Hu Jianlin,et al.Lightning impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of long air gaps at lower atmospheric pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(11):152-156(in Chinese).
[12]GB/T 16927.1—2011高电压试验技术第1部分:一般定义及试验要求[S].
[13]GB 311.1—2012绝缘配合第1部分:定义、原则和规则[S].
[14]徐勇,汪霄飞,朱英浩,等.大气条件对空气间隙放电特性的影响及其数值解析式[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(4):21-26.Xu Yong,Wang Xiaofei,Zhu Yinghao,et al.Effect of atmosphere condition on discharge characteristic of air gap and its analytic equation of numerical value[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(4):21-26(in Chinese).
[15]Hu J,Jiang X,Wang S,et al.Positive switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of 1-m rod-plane air gap[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2007,22(2):1247-1254.
[16]蒋兴良,王军,苑吉河,等.模拟与自然环境下0.5~1.5 m空气间隙正极性操作冲击放电电压校正方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(28):13-17.Jiang Xingliang,Wang Jun,Yuan Jihe,et al.Correction method of positive switching impulse discharge voltage for 0.5~1.0 m air gap under artificial and natural conditions[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(28):13-17(in Chinese).
[17]蒋兴良,孙才新,舒立春,等.正棒-板短间隙雷电冲击放电电压的海拔修正[J].重庆大学学报:自然科学版,2003,26(3):77-81.Jiang Xingliang,Sun Caixin,Shu Lichun,et al.Study of lightning impulse breakdown voltage correction of positive rod-plate short air gaps on altitude[J].Journal of Chongqing University:Natural Science Edition,2003,26(3):77-81(in Chinese).
[18]蒋兴良,赵智亮,孙才新,等.低气压正棒-板短间隙操作冲击放电特性[J].高电压技术,2002,28(7):7-9.Jiang Xingliang,Zhao Zhiliang,Sun Caixin,et al.Switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction for positive rod-plane short air gaps in low air-pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2002,28(7):7-9(in Chinese).
[19]贾文卓.基于ANSYS的开关柜电场与温度场仿真计算[D].天津:天津大学,2013.
[20]叶成刚.35 kV在役开关柜绝缘结构改进研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2012.
[21]Jiang X,Shu L,Hu J,et al.Positive switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of rod-plane air gap based on tests at high-altitude sites[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2009,24(1):302-310.
[22]Jiang X,Yuan Y,Bi M,et al.AC breakdown performance and voltage correction of rod-plane short air gap under rain conditions[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2013,20(2):515-523.