低气压下长间隙交直流放电特性研究
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摘要
为研究低气压下交、直流长间隙放电特性,利用自主研制的低气压放电腔体对0.5~60 kPa气压范围内200~600 mm棒-板间隙进行交流、正极性直流和负极性直流放电实验,得到不同电压形式下的击穿电压U与气压P的关系曲线,并对曲线特征及其产生原因进行分析。研究结果表明:交流、正极性直流以及负极性直流电压下的U-P曲线差异显著,在2~4 kPa范围内直流电压下的极性效应发生反转,随气压升高直流击穿电压幅值由U_(DC(-))放电特性研究提供参考。
To research the characteristics of AC and DC discharges under low pressure condition, this paper carried out laboratory investigations of AC and DC discharges by self-manufactured test chamber for 200-600 mm rod-plane gaps within 0.5-60 kPa. The relationship between discharge voltage U and pressure P of different voltage modes are obtained, and the characteristics of U-P curves as well as their reasons are analyzed. The results show that, the U-P curves of AC, positive DC and negative DC discharges have significant differences. Within 2-4 kPa under DC voltage, a reversal of polarity effect occurred, and the magnitude of discharge voltage under positive and negative DC voltage changed from U_(DC(-))
To research the characteristics of AC and DC discharges under low pressure condition, this paper carried out laboratory investigations of AC and DC discharges by self-manufactured test chamber for 200-600 mm rod-plane gaps within 0.5-60 kPa. The relationship between discharge voltage U and pressure P of different voltage modes are obtained, and the characteristics of U-P curves as well as their reasons are analyzed. The results show that, the U-P curves of AC, positive DC and negative DC discharges have significant differences. Within 2-4 kPa under DC voltage, a reversal of polarity effect occurred, and the magnitude of discharge voltage under positive and negative DC voltage changed from U_(DC(-))
引文
[1]孙才新,蒋兴良,司马文霞,等.海拔4000m以上短间隙交流放电特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(10):116-120.Sun Caixin,Jiang Xingliang,Sima Wenxia,et al.AC discharge performance and voltage correction of short air gaps in 4000m and above altitude districts[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(10):116-120.
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[13]丁玉剑,李庆峰,廖蔚明,等.高海拔地区典型长空气间隙的操作冲击放电特性和海拔校正[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1441-1446.Ding Yujian,Li Qingfeng,Liao Weiming,et al.Switching impulse discharge characteristics and altitude corrections for typical long air gaps at high altitude areas[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1441-1446.
[14]蒋兴良,于亮,苑吉河,等.低气压棒-板间隙操作冲击放电特性及电压校正[J].高电压技术,2007,33(11):70-74.Jiang Xingliang,Yu Liang,Yuan Jihe,et al.Switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of rod-plane air gaps at low atmospheric pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(11):70-74.
[15]蒋兴良,于亮,胡建林,等.棒-板长空气间隙在低气压下雷电冲击特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):152-156.Jiang Xingliang,Yu Liang,Hu Jianlin,et al.Lightning Impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of long air gaps at lower atmospheric pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(11):152-156.
[16]蒋兴良,赵智亮,孙才新,等.低气压正棒-板短间隙操作冲击放电特性[J].高电压技术,2002,28(7):7-9.Jiang Xingliang,Zhao Zhiliang,Sun Caixin,et al.Switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction for positive rod-plane short air gaps in low air-pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2002,28(7):7-9.
[17]孟晓波,惠建峰,卞星明,等.低气压下流注放电特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(25):139-149.Meng Xiaobo,Hui Jianfeng,Bian Xingming,et al.Research on the characteristic of streamer discharge at low air pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(25):139-149.
[18]李敏,汪沨,许松枝,等.基于分形理论的SF6/N2混合气体放电仿真[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(24):88-95.Li Min,Wang Feng,Xu Songzhi,et al.Simulation discharge on SF6/N2 gas mixtures based on fractal theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(24):88-95.
[19]汪沨,李锰,潘雄峰,等.基于FEM-FCT算法的SF6/N2混合气体中棒-板间隙电晕放电特性的仿真研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):261-267.Wang Feng,Li Meng,Pan Xiongfeng,et al.Corona discharge simulation of rod-plate gap in SF6/N2 gas mixtures using FEM-FCt method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):261-267.
[20]汪沨,李敏,李锰,等.基于ETG-通量校正传输法的短间隙SF6/N2混合气体流注放电数值仿真研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(6):232-241.Wang Feng,Li Min,Li Meng,et al.Numerical simulation of short gap streamer discharge in SF6/N2gas mixtures based on Eur-Taylor-Galerkin-Flux corrected transport method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(6):232-241.
[21]Nakano Y,Kojima H,Hayakawa N,et al.Pre-discharge and flashover characteristics of impulse surface discharge in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2014,21(1):403-410.
[22]Nakano Y,Kojima H,Hayakawa N,et al.Development process of impulse surface discharge in vacuum[C]//25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Tomsk,Russia,2012:125-128.
[23]Kojima H,Ishida M,Hayakawa N,et al.Partial discharge characteristics and mechanisms in consideration of charge behavior on alumina dielectrics under AC voltage in vacuum[C]//2ndInternational Conference on Electric Power Equipment,Matsue,Japan,2013:1-4.
[24]Kojima H,Ishida M,Hayakawa N,et al.Charge behavior and partial discharge characteristics on alumina dielectrics under AC voltage application in vacuum[C]//25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Tomsk,Russia,2012:68-71.
[25]Kojima H,Aoki K,Hayakawa N,et al.Partial discharge in vacuum on insulator surface under AC voltage application[C]//1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology,Xi’an,China,2011:521-524.
[26]Bzaelyan E M,Raizer Y P,Aleksandrov N L.The effect of reduced air density on streamer-to-leader transition and on properties of long positive leader[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2007,40:4133-4144
[27]杨亚奇,李卫国,夏喻,等.低气压下长间隙工频放电试验平台研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(31):155-162.Yang Yaqi,Li Weiguo,Xia Yu,et al.Research on test platform used in AC discharge test under low pressure[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(31):155-162.
[28]Cobine J D.Gases conductors[M].London:Mc GrawHill Book Company,1941.
[29]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[30]Rizk F A M,Trinh G N.High voltage engineering[M].New York:CRC Press,2014.
[31]Engel A V.Ionized gases[M].London:Oxford University Press,1965.
[32]Xiao D M.Gas discharge and gas insulation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2017.
[33]王伟,屠幼萍.高电压技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.
[2]郝艳捧,毛长庚,王国利,等.高海拔地区复合绝缘子先导发展法闪络判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(34):158-164.Hao Yanbang,Mao Changgeng,Wang Guoli,et al.Flashover criterion based on the leader propagation model of composite insulators in high-altitude areas[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(34):158-164.
[3]律方成,秦春旭,郭文义,等.高海拔地区±800k V特高压直流输电系统绝缘子带电自然积污特性[J].高电压技术,2013,39(3):513-519.LüFangcheng,Qin Chunxu,Guo Wenyi,et al.Natural contamination deposited characteristics of±800 k V UHV DC insulators at high altitudes[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(3):513-519.
[4]杨庆,董岳,叶轩,等.高海拔地区500k V输电线路用复合绝缘子与并联间隙的绝缘配合[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):407-414.Yang Qing,Dong Yue,Ye Xuan,et al.Insulating coordination between composite insulator and parallel gap device of 500 k V transmission line at high altitude area[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):407-414.
[5]王磊,苏杰,谷山强,等.高海拔长绝缘子串并联间隙雷电冲击放电特性及其失效性[J].高电压技术,2014,40(5):1365-1373.Wang Lei,Su Jie,Gu Shanqiang,et al.Lightning impulse discharge characteristics and invalidation of long insulator strings with parallel gap at high altitude area[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(5):1365-1373.
[6]Gollor M,Rogalla K.HV design of vacuum insulated power supplies for space applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1993,28(4):667-680.
[7]Komatsubara M,Ishii M,Tsumura E.Research on outgas and light emission from electrostatic discharge on polymer films in vacuum[J].Transactions-institute of Electrical Engineering of Japan A,1994,144(7):528-534.
[8]刘浩,刘尚和,魏明,等.高空低气压电晕放电特性模拟实验研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1704-1708.Liu Hao,Liu Shanghe,Wei Ming,et al.Research of corona discharge characteristics for low pressure high altitude based on simulation experiments[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1704-1708.
[9]刘浩,刘尚合,曹鹤飞,等.高空低气压、低温环境下的电晕放电模拟试验系统[J].高电压技术,2015,41(2):578-583.Liu Hao,Liu Shanghe,Cao Hefei,et al.Experimental simulation system of corona discharges under highaltitude,low-pressure and low-temperature conditions[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(2):578-583.
[10]司马文霞,叶轩,谭威,等.高海拔220k V输电线路绝缘子串与并联间隙雷电冲击绝缘配合研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(10):168-176.Sima Wenxia,Ye Xuan,Tan Wei,et al.Lightning insulating co-ordination between insulator string and parallel gap device of 220k V transmission line at high altitude area[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(10):168-176.
[11]廖永力,李瑞海,李小建,等.典型空气间隙放电电压修正的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):171-176.Liao Yongli,Li Ruihai,Li Xiaojian,et al.Experimental research on typical air gap test voltage correction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):171-176.
[12]王羽,李志军,戴敏,等.长空气间隙负极性操作冲击放电特性研究(Ⅰ)-试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3534-3540.Wang Yu,Li Zhijun,Dai Min,et al.Research on typical long air gaps with negative switching impulses(I)-experiments[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3534-3540.
[13]丁玉剑,李庆峰,廖蔚明,等.高海拔地区典型长空气间隙的操作冲击放电特性和海拔校正[J].高电压技术,2013,39(6):1441-1446.Ding Yujian,Li Qingfeng,Liao Weiming,et al.Switching impulse discharge characteristics and altitude corrections for typical long air gaps at high altitude areas[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(6):1441-1446.
[14]蒋兴良,于亮,苑吉河,等.低气压棒-板间隙操作冲击放电特性及电压校正[J].高电压技术,2007,33(11):70-74.Jiang Xingliang,Yu Liang,Yuan Jihe,et al.Switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of rod-plane air gaps at low atmospheric pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(11):70-74.
[15]蒋兴良,于亮,胡建林,等.棒-板长空气间隙在低气压下雷电冲击特性及电压校正[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11):152-156.Jiang Xingliang,Yu Liang,Hu Jianlin,et al.Lightning Impulse discharge performance and voltage correction of long air gaps at lower atmospheric pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(11):152-156.
[16]蒋兴良,赵智亮,孙才新,等.低气压正棒-板短间隙操作冲击放电特性[J].高电压技术,2002,28(7):7-9.Jiang Xingliang,Zhao Zhiliang,Sun Caixin,et al.Switching impulse discharge performance and voltage correction for positive rod-plane short air gaps in low air-pressure[J].High Voltage Engineering,2002,28(7):7-9.
[17]孟晓波,惠建峰,卞星明,等.低气压下流注放电特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(25):139-149.Meng Xiaobo,Hui Jianfeng,Bian Xingming,et al.Research on the characteristic of streamer discharge at low air pressure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(25):139-149.
[18]李敏,汪沨,许松枝,等.基于分形理论的SF6/N2混合气体放电仿真[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(24):88-95.Li Min,Wang Feng,Xu Songzhi,et al.Simulation discharge on SF6/N2 gas mixtures based on fractal theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(24):88-95.
[19]汪沨,李锰,潘雄峰,等.基于FEM-FCT算法的SF6/N2混合气体中棒-板间隙电晕放电特性的仿真研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(9):261-267.Wang Feng,Li Meng,Pan Xiongfeng,et al.Corona discharge simulation of rod-plate gap in SF6/N2 gas mixtures using FEM-FCt method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(9):261-267.
[20]汪沨,李敏,李锰,等.基于ETG-通量校正传输法的短间隙SF6/N2混合气体流注放电数值仿真研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(6):232-241.Wang Feng,Li Min,Li Meng,et al.Numerical simulation of short gap streamer discharge in SF6/N2gas mixtures based on Eur-Taylor-Galerkin-Flux corrected transport method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(6):232-241.
[21]Nakano Y,Kojima H,Hayakawa N,et al.Pre-discharge and flashover characteristics of impulse surface discharge in vacuum[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics&Electrical Insulation,2014,21(1):403-410.
[22]Nakano Y,Kojima H,Hayakawa N,et al.Development process of impulse surface discharge in vacuum[C]//25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Tomsk,Russia,2012:125-128.
[23]Kojima H,Ishida M,Hayakawa N,et al.Partial discharge characteristics and mechanisms in consideration of charge behavior on alumina dielectrics under AC voltage in vacuum[C]//2ndInternational Conference on Electric Power Equipment,Matsue,Japan,2013:1-4.
[24]Kojima H,Ishida M,Hayakawa N,et al.Charge behavior and partial discharge characteristics on alumina dielectrics under AC voltage application in vacuum[C]//25th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Tomsk,Russia,2012:68-71.
[25]Kojima H,Aoki K,Hayakawa N,et al.Partial discharge in vacuum on insulator surface under AC voltage application[C]//1st International Conference on Electric Power Equipment-Switching Technology,Xi’an,China,2011:521-524.
[26]Bzaelyan E M,Raizer Y P,Aleksandrov N L.The effect of reduced air density on streamer-to-leader transition and on properties of long positive leader[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2007,40:4133-4144
[27]杨亚奇,李卫国,夏喻,等.低气压下长间隙工频放电试验平台研究[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(31):155-162.Yang Yaqi,Li Weiguo,Xia Yu,et al.Research on test platform used in AC discharge test under low pressure[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(31):155-162.
[28]Cobine J D.Gases conductors[M].London:Mc GrawHill Book Company,1941.
[29]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[30]Rizk F A M,Trinh G N.High voltage engineering[M].New York:CRC Press,2014.
[31]Engel A V.Ionized gases[M].London:Oxford University Press,1965.
[32]Xiao D M.Gas discharge and gas insulation[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2017.
[33]王伟,屠幼萍.高电压技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.