真空断路器开断并联电抗器过电压抑制措施
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摘要
真空断路器开断并联电抗器过程中,因截流、重燃会出现幅值、频率极高的过电压。为真实地再现分闸过电压,依托重庆云阳站现场实测的断路器电压、电流数据,同时考虑了截流值、介质动态绝缘强度和高频熄弧能力3个因素,在ATP-EMTP中搭建了更加精确的真空断路器电弧重燃模型,并以此为基础讨论合理的抑制措施。仿真中采用了避雷器、阻容吸收器和延长电缆3种过电压抑制措施。仿真结果表明,电缆长度对过电压抑制效果并不显著,避雷器与阻容吸收器的型号、安装数量和位置对抑制效果存在影响。结合仿真与实际,最后提出最佳抑制方案,即在站用变和电抗器处电缆末端均安装伏安特性曲线较低的避雷器,可以将两处最大分闸过电压分别限制在3.44 pu和3.67pu。
During the process of switching-off shunt reactor with vacuum circuit breaker(VCB), overvoltage with high amplitude and frequency will occur due to current chopping and reignition. In order to reproduce the switching overvoltage faithfully, relying on field test data of Yunyang Substation in Chongqing, a more accurate VCB arc reignition model was built in ATP-EMTP, and three factors were taken into account, including chopping current value, dielectric dynamic insulation strength and high frequency quenching capability. Then the paper discussed reasonable suppression measures. The simulation used three kinds of overvoltage suppression measures: surge arrester, RC snubber and extension of cable length. The simulation results indicated that cable length has little effect on overvoltage suppression.Besides, the type, installation quantity and position of protective device have an impact on suppression performance.Finally, the best suppression scheme is proposed, that is,installing the surge arresters with lower V-I characteristics at the terminals of cables for both shunt reactor and substation transformer. Their maximum overvoltage can be limited to3.44 p.u. and 3.67 p.u. respectively.
During the process of switching-off shunt reactor with vacuum circuit breaker(VCB), overvoltage with high amplitude and frequency will occur due to current chopping and reignition. In order to reproduce the switching overvoltage faithfully, relying on field test data of Yunyang Substation in Chongqing, a more accurate VCB arc reignition model was built in ATP-EMTP, and three factors were taken into account, including chopping current value, dielectric dynamic insulation strength and high frequency quenching capability. Then the paper discussed reasonable suppression measures. The simulation used three kinds of overvoltage suppression measures: surge arrester, RC snubber and extension of cable length. The simulation results indicated that cable length has little effect on overvoltage suppression.Besides, the type, installation quantity and position of protective device have an impact on suppression performance.Finally, the best suppression scheme is proposed, that is,installing the surge arresters with lower V-I characteristics at the terminals of cables for both shunt reactor and substation transformer. Their maximum overvoltage can be limited to3.44 p.u. and 3.67 p.u. respectively.
引文
[1]梁俊文,林舜江,刘明波.主动配电网分布式无功优化控制方法[J].电网技术,2018,42(1):230-237.Liang Jiuwen,Lin Shunjiang,Liu Mingbo.A method for distributed optimal reactive power control of active distribution network[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(1):230-237(in Chinese).
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[4]陈光宇,张仰飞,郝思鹏,等.基于负荷趋势判断的无功优化精细化控制方法及求解策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1259-1271.Chen Guangyu,Zhang Yangfei,Hao Sipeng,et al.Refined controlling method and solving strategy of reactive power optimization based on bus load trend estimation[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1259-1271(in Chinese).
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[9]张志劲,韦冬洪,蒋兴良,等.低气压下开关柜空气间隙工频放电特性[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):4086-4092.Zhang Zhijin,Wei Donghong,Jiang Xingliang,et al.AC flashover performance of air gaps in switchgear at low air pressure[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):4086-4092(in Chinese).
[10]方春恩,陈川江,李伟,等.断路器均压电容对空载变压器选相关合的影响[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1960-1966.Fang Chun’en,Chen Chuanjiang,Li Wei,et al.Influence of breaker's grading capacitor on controlled switching for unloaded transformer[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1960-1966(in Chinese).
[11]Yang Q,Zhang Z,Sima W,et al.Field experiments on overvoltage caused by 12-kV vacuum circuit breakers switching shunt reactors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):657-664.
[12]Yu C W,Bickford J P.Digital-computer simulation of virtual-current chopping in vacuum circuit breakers[J].IEE Journal on Electric Power Applications,1979,2(4):125-131.
[13]Helmer J,Lindmayer M.Mathematical modeling of the high frequency behavior of vacuum interrupters and comparison with measured transients in power systems[C]//Proceedings of 17th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Berkeley,CA,USA,1996:323-331.
[14]Popov M,Van d S L.Comparison of two vacuum circuit breaker arc models for small inductive current switching[C]//Proceedings of 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Xi’an,China,2000:438-442.
[15]Glinkowski M T,Gutierrez M R,Braun D.Voltage escalation and reignition behavior of vacuum generator circuit breakers during load shedding[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1997,12(1):219-226.
[16]Munir B,Kadir S.Application of surge arrester on vacuum circuit breaker[C]//2012 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference,Shanghai,China,2012:1-4.
[17]金百荣,李电,蔡重凯.35kV并抗操作过电压治理研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(10):64-71.Jin Bairong,Li Dian,Cai Zhongkai.Control of switching overvoltage for 35 kV shunt reactor[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(10):64-71(in Chinese).
[18]杜宁,关永刚,张景升,等.40.5kV真空断路器开断并联电抗器的过电压防护[J].高电压技术,2010,36(2):345-349.Du Ning,Guan Yonggang,Zhang Jingsheng,et al.Protections of overvoltages caused by 40.5 kV vacuum circuit breakers switching off shunt reactors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(2):345-349(in Chinese).
[19]王利婷.基于ATP-EMTP的真空断路器切断并联电抗器过电压及其抑制策略分析[J].高压电器,2016(8):194-200.Wang Liting.Analysis on overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breakers switching off shunt reactors and its suppression measures based on ATP-EMTP[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016(8):194-200(in Chinese).
[20]安韵竹,文习山,张婷婷,等.SF6断路器预击穿引起并联电抗器合闸过电压的原因及防护措施[J].高电压技术,2013,39(1):75-80.An Yunzhu,Wen Xishan,Zhang Tingting,et al.Overvoltage of shunt reactor caused by prebreakdown of SF6 breaker and protection measures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):75-80(in Chinese).
[21]Wong S M,Snider L A,Lo E W C.Overvoltages and reignition behavior of vacuum circuit breaker[C]//2003 Sixth International Conference on Advances in Power System Control,Operation and Management,Hong Kong,China,2003:653-658.
[22]IEC Std.60071-1-2006,Insulation Co-ordination-part I:definitions,principles and rules[S].
[23]张纬钹,何金良,高玉明.过电压防护及绝缘配合[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:76-85.
[24]周凯,赵世林,何珉,等.考虑短距离电缆中行波特性的振荡波局部放电定位方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):2047-2054.Zhou Kai,Zhao Shilin,He Min,et al.An oscillating wave test method based on traveling wave characteristics of partial discharges for defect location in short cables[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):2047-2054(in Chinese).
[25]王羽,文习山,蓝磊,等.提高架空配电线路耐雷水平的仿真分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(10):2471-2476.Wang Yu,Wen Xishan,Lan Lei,et al.Simulation analysis on improving lightning withstanding level of overhead distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(10):2471-2476(in Chinese).
[2]Magdaleno-Adame S,Escarela-Perez R,Olivares-Galvan J C,et al.Temperature reduction in the clamping bolt zone of shunt reactors:design enhancements[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(6):2648-2655.
[3]金立军,安世超,廖黎明,等.国内外无功补偿研发现状与发展趋势[J].高压电器,2008,44(5):463-465.Jin Lijun,An Shichao,Liao Liming,et al.Present situation and development of reactive power compensation both at home and abroad[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2008,44(5):463-465(in Chinese).
[4]陈光宇,张仰飞,郝思鹏,等.基于负荷趋势判断的无功优化精细化控制方法及求解策略[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1259-1271.Chen Guangyu,Zhang Yangfei,Hao Sipeng,et al.Refined controlling method and solving strategy of reactive power optimization based on bus load trend estimation[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1259-1271(in Chinese).
[5]Ma Z,Bliss C A,Penfold A R,et al.An investigation of transient overvoltage generation when switching high voltage shunt reactors by SF6 circuit breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,13(2):472-479.
[6]陈梁金,周国良,江少成.35 kV空母线系统中真空断路器投切电抗器相关问题分析[J].高压电器,2010,46(9):103-106.Chen Liangjin,Zhou Guoliang,Jiang Shangcheng.Analysis of the faults caused by vacuum circuit breaker switching to shunt reactors in a 35 kV bus bar system[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2010,46(9):103-106(in Chinese).
[7]Tanae H,Matsuzaka E,Nishida I,et al.High-frequency reignition current and its influence on electrical durability of circuit breakers associated with shunt-Reactor current switching[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(3):1105-1111.
[8]Roguski A T.Experimental investigation of the dielectric recovery strength between the separating contacts of vacuum circuit breakers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(2):1063-1069.
[9]张志劲,韦冬洪,蒋兴良,等.低气压下开关柜空气间隙工频放电特性[J].电网技术,2017,41(12):4086-4092.Zhang Zhijin,Wei Donghong,Jiang Xingliang,et al.AC flashover performance of air gaps in switchgear at low air pressure[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(12):4086-4092(in Chinese).
[10]方春恩,陈川江,李伟,等.断路器均压电容对空载变压器选相关合的影响[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1960-1966.Fang Chun’en,Chen Chuanjiang,Li Wei,et al.Influence of breaker's grading capacitor on controlled switching for unloaded transformer[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1960-1966(in Chinese).
[11]Yang Q,Zhang Z,Sima W,et al.Field experiments on overvoltage caused by 12-kV vacuum circuit breakers switching shunt reactors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(2):657-664.
[12]Yu C W,Bickford J P.Digital-computer simulation of virtual-current chopping in vacuum circuit breakers[J].IEE Journal on Electric Power Applications,1979,2(4):125-131.
[13]Helmer J,Lindmayer M.Mathematical modeling of the high frequency behavior of vacuum interrupters and comparison with measured transients in power systems[C]//Proceedings of 17th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Berkeley,CA,USA,1996:323-331.
[14]Popov M,Van d S L.Comparison of two vacuum circuit breaker arc models for small inductive current switching[C]//Proceedings of 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum,Xi’an,China,2000:438-442.
[15]Glinkowski M T,Gutierrez M R,Braun D.Voltage escalation and reignition behavior of vacuum generator circuit breakers during load shedding[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1997,12(1):219-226.
[16]Munir B,Kadir S.Application of surge arrester on vacuum circuit breaker[C]//2012 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference,Shanghai,China,2012:1-4.
[17]金百荣,李电,蔡重凯.35kV并抗操作过电压治理研究[J].高压电器,2013,49(10):64-71.Jin Bairong,Li Dian,Cai Zhongkai.Control of switching overvoltage for 35 kV shunt reactor[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2013,49(10):64-71(in Chinese).
[18]杜宁,关永刚,张景升,等.40.5kV真空断路器开断并联电抗器的过电压防护[J].高电压技术,2010,36(2):345-349.Du Ning,Guan Yonggang,Zhang Jingsheng,et al.Protections of overvoltages caused by 40.5 kV vacuum circuit breakers switching off shunt reactors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(2):345-349(in Chinese).
[19]王利婷.基于ATP-EMTP的真空断路器切断并联电抗器过电压及其抑制策略分析[J].高压电器,2016(8):194-200.Wang Liting.Analysis on overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breakers switching off shunt reactors and its suppression measures based on ATP-EMTP[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016(8):194-200(in Chinese).
[20]安韵竹,文习山,张婷婷,等.SF6断路器预击穿引起并联电抗器合闸过电压的原因及防护措施[J].高电压技术,2013,39(1):75-80.An Yunzhu,Wen Xishan,Zhang Tingting,et al.Overvoltage of shunt reactor caused by prebreakdown of SF6 breaker and protection measures[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(1):75-80(in Chinese).
[21]Wong S M,Snider L A,Lo E W C.Overvoltages and reignition behavior of vacuum circuit breaker[C]//2003 Sixth International Conference on Advances in Power System Control,Operation and Management,Hong Kong,China,2003:653-658.
[22]IEC Std.60071-1-2006,Insulation Co-ordination-part I:definitions,principles and rules[S].
[23]张纬钹,何金良,高玉明.过电压防护及绝缘配合[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:76-85.
[24]周凯,赵世林,何珉,等.考虑短距离电缆中行波特性的振荡波局部放电定位方法[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):2047-2054.Zhou Kai,Zhao Shilin,He Min,et al.An oscillating wave test method based on traveling wave characteristics of partial discharges for defect location in short cables[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):2047-2054(in Chinese).
[25]王羽,文习山,蓝磊,等.提高架空配电线路耐雷水平的仿真分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(10):2471-2476.Wang Yu,Wen Xishan,Lan Lei,et al.Simulation analysis on improving lightning withstanding level of overhead distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(10):2471-2476(in Chinese).