电极类型对封闭容器内部短路燃弧特性及压力升的影响
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摘要
开关柜内部短路燃弧故障时有发生,其短时间释放巨大能量引起隔室内部压力迅速上升,严重威胁设备、建筑物以及工作人员的安全。由于实际开关柜内部电弧试验周期长、耗费大,模拟封闭容器内部短路燃弧试验成为研究该问题的主要手段。利用L-C振荡回路开展了封闭容器内部棒–棒、板–板间隙短路燃弧试验,分析了不同电极类型对封闭容器内部短路燃弧特性和压力升(相对压强)的影响,结果表明:封闭容器中弧压受压强、气流和电极类型等因素影响,数值与开放环境差异较大。棒–棒和板–板间隙燃弧对应的电弧电位梯度范围分别为18.8～23.8 V/cm和15.9～19.6 V/cm,其中板–板间隙的弧压数据波动较为剧烈,分散性更大,且数值小于棒–棒间隙。相同间隙距离和电弧能量下,板–板间隙短路燃弧引起的压力升大于棒–棒间隙。
Internal short-circuit arcing faults in the switchgear happen occasionally, and huge energy released by the arc in a short time makes the pressure rise rapidly in the compartment, bringing a great threat to the safety of equipment,building and operation personnel. The arc tests in actual switchgear are time-consuming and highly costing, so the internal short-circuit arcing tests in a simulated closed container become a main way to study this problem. In this paper, the short-circuit arcing tests of rod-rod and plane-plane gaps in a closed container are carried out by the LC oscillation circuit, and the influence of electrode types on the arcing characteristics and pressure rise(relative pressure) in a closed container is analyzed. Results show that, the arc voltage is related to the factors, such as pressure rise, airflow, electrode type and so on. The value of arc voltage is different from the open environment. The ranges of the arc voltage gradient for rod-rod and plane-plane gaps are 18.8～23.8 V/cm and 15.9～19.6 V/cm, respectively. For plane-plane gap, the arc voltage has big fluctuation and showing a large degree of randomness,which is smaller than the rod-rod gap. Under the same gap distance and arc energy, the pressure rise caused by the arcing of plane-plane gap is greater than the rod-rod gap.
Internal short-circuit arcing faults in the switchgear happen occasionally, and huge energy released by the arc in a short time makes the pressure rise rapidly in the compartment, bringing a great threat to the safety of equipment,building and operation personnel. The arc tests in actual switchgear are time-consuming and highly costing, so the internal short-circuit arcing tests in a simulated closed container become a main way to study this problem. In this paper, the short-circuit arcing tests of rod-rod and plane-plane gaps in a closed container are carried out by the LC oscillation circuit, and the influence of electrode types on the arcing characteristics and pressure rise(relative pressure) in a closed container is analyzed. Results show that, the arc voltage is related to the factors, such as pressure rise, airflow, electrode type and so on. The value of arc voltage is different from the open environment. The ranges of the arc voltage gradient for rod-rod and plane-plane gaps are 18.8～23.8 V/cm and 15.9～19.6 V/cm, respectively. For plane-plane gap, the arc voltage has big fluctuation and showing a large degree of randomness,which is smaller than the rod-rod gap. Under the same gap distance and arc energy, the pressure rise caused by the arcing of plane-plane gap is greater than the rod-rod gap.
引文
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[20]黎鹏.开关柜内部短路爆炸压力升计算及泄压通道优化设计[D].武汉:武汉大学,2018.
[21]Gammon T,Matthews J.The IEEE 1584-2002 arc modeling debate and simple incident energy equations for low-voltage systems[C]//IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference,Detroit,MI,USA,2006:1-8.
[22]Sweeting D.Arcing faults in electrical equipment[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2017,47(1):387-397.
[23]刘柱揆,丁心志,陈福明,等.小波去噪方法在开关柜故障检测中的应用[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):3090-3094.Liu Zhukui,Ding Xinzhi,Chen Fuming,et al.Application of wavelet de-noising in fault detection of MV switchgear[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):3090-3094(in Chinese).
[2]黎鹏,黄道春,阮江军,等.10 kV开关柜开断对二次智能设备的电磁干扰[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):110-117.Li Peng,Huang Daochun,Ruan Jiangjun,et al.Electromagnetic interference on secondary smart devices caused by breaking 10 kVswitch cabinet[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(1):110-117(in Chinese).
[3]阮江军,黎鹏,黄道春,等.中压开关柜内部短路燃弧热-力效应研究综述[J].高电压技术,2018,44(10):3340-3351.Ruan Jiangjun,Li Peng,Huang Daochun,et al.Review on thermal-mechanical effects research of MV switchgear due to internal short circuit arcing[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(10):3340-3351(in Chinese).
[4]刘柱揆,丁心志,陈福明,等.开关柜电弧故障及其测量方法研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(4):1345-1349.Liu Zhukui,Ding Xinzhi,Chen Fuming,et al.Research on switchgear arc discharge fault and its measurement[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(4):1345-1349(in Chinese).
[5]GB 3906-2006 3.6 kV~40.5 kV交流金属封闭开关设备和控制设备[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[6]IEC 62271-200 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear-part 200:AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV[S].Geneva,Switzerland:International Electrotechnical Commission,2011.
[7]黎鹏,阮江军,黄道春,等.封闭容器内部短路燃弧爆炸压力效应计算[J].爆炸与冲击,2017,37(6):1065-1071.Li Peng,Ruan Jiangjun,Huang Daochun,et al.Pressure effect calculation of internal short-circuit arcing explosion in a closed container[J].Explosion and Shocks Waves,2017,37(6):1065-1071(in Chinese).
[8]Iwata M,Anantavanich K,Pietsch G.Influence of arc current on fraction kp of electric arc energy leading to pressure rise in a closed container[C]//17th International Conference on Gas Discharges and Their Application,Cardiff,UK,2008:189-192.
[9]Iwata M,Anantavanich K,Pietsch G.J.Influence of current and electrode material on fraction kp of electric arc energy leading to pressure rise in a closed container during internal arcing[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2010,25(3):2028-2029.
[10]Zhang X,Pietsch G,Gockenbach E.Investigation of the thermal transfer coefficient by the energy balance of fault arcs in electrical installations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):425-431.
[11]Zhang X,Zhang J,Gockenbach E.Calculation of pressure and temperature in medium-voltage electrical installations due to fault arcs[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2008,41(10):1-11.
[12]Fjeld E,Hagen S T.Small-scale arc fault testing of medium-voltage metal-enclosed switchgear[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(1):37-43.
[13]Fjeld E,Hagen S T,Skryten P,et al.Small scale arc fault testing of medium voltage switchgear[C]//22th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution,Stockholm,Sweden,2013:1-4.
[14]Rong M,Li M,Wu Y,et al.3-D MHD modeling of internal fault arc in a closed container[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2017,32(3):1220-1227.
[15]Wu Y,Li M,Rong M,et al.Experimental and theoretical study of internal fault arc in a closed container[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2014,47(50):1-14.
[16]Li P,Ruan J J,Huang D C,et al.Analysis of pressure rise in a closed container due to internal arcing[J].Energies,2017,10(3):294-310.
[17]Fjeld E,Hagen S T.Small scale arc fault testing in air[C]//20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution,Prague,Czech Republic,2009:8-11.
[18]Lowke J J.Simple theory of free-burning arcs[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1979,12(11):1873-1886.
[19]王伟宗,吴翊,荣命哲,等.局域热力学平衡态空气电弧等离子体输运参数计算研究[J].物理学报,2012,61(10):272-281.Wang Weizong,Wu Yi,Rong Mingzhe,et al.Theoretical computation studies for transport properties of air plasmas[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(10):272-281(in Chinese).
[20]黎鹏.开关柜内部短路爆炸压力升计算及泄压通道优化设计[D].武汉:武汉大学,2018.
[21]Gammon T,Matthews J.The IEEE 1584-2002 arc modeling debate and simple incident energy equations for low-voltage systems[C]//IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference,Detroit,MI,USA,2006:1-8.
[22]Sweeting D.Arcing faults in electrical equipment[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2017,47(1):387-397.
[23]刘柱揆,丁心志,陈福明,等.小波去噪方法在开关柜故障检测中的应用[J].电网技术,2017,41(9):3090-3094.Liu Zhukui,Ding Xinzhi,Chen Fuming,et al.Application of wavelet de-noising in fault detection of MV switchgear[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(9):3090-3094(in Chinese).