油包水乳液体系水合物的形成对多相流动摩阻的影响
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摘要
水合物浆液输送作为流动安全保障主要措施和天然气新型运输方法之一,其复杂的流动特性引起了学者的广泛关注。以国内首套水合物高压实验环路为依托,基于水合物生成后管路压降明显增加的现象,分析了4.5 MPa压力下,0.4、0.5、0.9、1.1 m/s四个流速下压降变化幅度,对比水合物生成前后体系摩阻系数的变化,定量表示了各个流速下颗粒存在对摩阻系数的影响。实验结果表明,流速越大,颗粒存在对于体系摩阻系数的影响越小;并且通过对比0.4和0.5 m/s的实验结果可知,在水合物浆液流动过程中,不同的流速对应着不同的液固流型,存在临界悬浮流速的概念。
Hydrate slurry transportation has brought the attention of many researchers as an important flow safety assurance method and a new way of gas transmission. Based on the theory that the pressure drops significantly when hydrates are generated, a series of experiments(at the velocity of 0.4, 0.5, 0.9 and 1.1 m/s under 4.5 MPa) were conducted on the first set of domestic high-pressure experiment loop to analyze the pressure drop, frictional resistance factor and particle influence of hydrate slurry. The results showed that the influence of existed particles to frictional resistance factor was getting weaker as the velocity got faster. Comparing the results of 0.4 and 0.5 m/s indicated that for hydrate slurry transportation, different velocities corresponded to different liquid-solid flow patterns, and critical suspension velocity existed.
Hydrate slurry transportation has brought the attention of many researchers as an important flow safety assurance method and a new way of gas transmission. Based on the theory that the pressure drops significantly when hydrates are generated, a series of experiments(at the velocity of 0.4, 0.5, 0.9 and 1.1 m/s under 4.5 MPa) were conducted on the first set of domestic high-pressure experiment loop to analyze the pressure drop, frictional resistance factor and particle influence of hydrate slurry. The results showed that the influence of existed particles to frictional resistance factor was getting weaker as the velocity got faster. Comparing the results of 0.4 and 0.5 m/s indicated that for hydrate slurry transportation, different velocities corresponded to different liquid-solid flow patterns, and critical suspension velocity existed.
引文
[1]Sloan,E.D.,Koh,C.A..Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gas(third ed.)[M].CRC Press,Taylor&Francis Group,Boca Raton,FL,2008.
[2]Sloan,ED.;Koh,C.A.;Sum,A.K.et al.Natural Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance[M].Elsevier:Amsterdam,Boston,Heidelberg,London,New York,Oxford,Paris,San Diego,San Francisco,Singapore,Sydney,Tokyo,2010.
[3]Yousif M H.Effect of under inhibition with methanol and ethylene glycol on the hydrate-controlprocess[J].SPE Production and Facilities,1998,13:184-189.
[4]Zanota M L,Dicharry C,Graciaa A.Hydrate plug prevention by quaternary ammonium salts[J].Energy&fuels,2005,19(2):584-590.
[5]Davies S R,Ivanic J,Sloan E D.Predictions of hydrate plug dissociation with electrical heating.Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Gas Hydrates[M].Trondheim,Norway,2005:13-16.
[6]Kelkar S K,Selim M S,Sloan E D.Hydrate dissociation rates in pipelines[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,1998,150:371-382.
[7]Makogon T Y,Sloan E D.Mechanism of kinetic hydrate inhibitors.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrates[C].Yokohama,Japan,2002:498-503.
[8]Sinquin A,Palermo T,Peysson Y.Rheological and flow properties of gas hydrate suspensions[J].Oil&gas Science and Technology,2004,59(1):41-57.
[9]Gudmundsson J S.Cold flow hydrate technology.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrate[C].Yokohama,Japan,2002:19-23.
[10]Turner D J,Talley L.Hydrate inhibition via cold flow-no chemicals or insulation.The 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrate,Vancouver[C].British Columbia,Canada,2008.
[11]李文庆,于达,吴海浩,等.高压水合物/蜡沉积实验环路的设计与建设[J].实验室研究与探索,2011,30(12):13-16.
[12]Lv xiaofang,Gong jing,Li wenqing et al.Focused-beam Reflectance Method Aids Hydrate Blockage Prediction[J].Oil&Gas Journal,2013,111(1):99-106.
[13]吕晓方,吴海浩,史博会,等.流动体系中二氧化碳水合物堵塞时间实验研究[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,32(11):197-202.
[14]吕晓方,王莹,李文庆,等.天然气油基水合物浆液流动实验[J].天然气工业,2014,34(11):108-114.
[2]Sloan,ED.;Koh,C.A.;Sum,A.K.et al.Natural Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance[M].Elsevier:Amsterdam,Boston,Heidelberg,London,New York,Oxford,Paris,San Diego,San Francisco,Singapore,Sydney,Tokyo,2010.
[3]Yousif M H.Effect of under inhibition with methanol and ethylene glycol on the hydrate-controlprocess[J].SPE Production and Facilities,1998,13:184-189.
[4]Zanota M L,Dicharry C,Graciaa A.Hydrate plug prevention by quaternary ammonium salts[J].Energy&fuels,2005,19(2):584-590.
[5]Davies S R,Ivanic J,Sloan E D.Predictions of hydrate plug dissociation with electrical heating.Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Gas Hydrates[M].Trondheim,Norway,2005:13-16.
[6]Kelkar S K,Selim M S,Sloan E D.Hydrate dissociation rates in pipelines[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,1998,150:371-382.
[7]Makogon T Y,Sloan E D.Mechanism of kinetic hydrate inhibitors.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrates[C].Yokohama,Japan,2002:498-503.
[8]Sinquin A,Palermo T,Peysson Y.Rheological and flow properties of gas hydrate suspensions[J].Oil&gas Science and Technology,2004,59(1):41-57.
[9]Gudmundsson J S.Cold flow hydrate technology.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Gas Hydrate[C].Yokohama,Japan,2002:19-23.
[10]Turner D J,Talley L.Hydrate inhibition via cold flow-no chemicals or insulation.The 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrate,Vancouver[C].British Columbia,Canada,2008.
[11]李文庆,于达,吴海浩,等.高压水合物/蜡沉积实验环路的设计与建设[J].实验室研究与探索,2011,30(12):13-16.
[12]Lv xiaofang,Gong jing,Li wenqing et al.Focused-beam Reflectance Method Aids Hydrate Blockage Prediction[J].Oil&Gas Journal,2013,111(1):99-106.
[13]吕晓方,吴海浩,史博会,等.流动体系中二氧化碳水合物堵塞时间实验研究[J].实验室研究与探索,2013,32(11):197-202.
[14]吕晓方,王莹,李文庆,等.天然气油基水合物浆液流动实验[J].天然气工业,2014,34(11):108-114.