软岩流变相似材料的研制及物理模型试验应用
|
摘要
目前能合理模拟软岩流变效应的相似材料很少,而采用模型试验法研究软岩工程的长期流变效应也处于探索阶段。为给软岩流变模型试验提供合适的相似材料,研制出一种以铁粉、重晶石粉和石英砂为骨料,松香酒精溶液为胶结剂,液压油为黏滞剂的软岩流变相似材料。该相似材料强度低,流变性强,不仅可模拟软岩的瞬时弹塑性性质,也能较好模拟软岩的流变特性。假定骨料比例恒定,调节松香酒精溶液浓度m和液压油含量w,开展了一系列梯度配比试验。研究表明:(1)该相似材料的主要瞬时强度变形参数和西原模型流变参数均受m和w两因素的双重影响;(2)松香酒精溶液浓度越大,试样强度越大,流变性越小;(3)液压油含量越大,试样强度越小,流变性越明显;(4)相比松香酒精溶液浓度m,液压油含量w对西原模型各参数的影响更大,起主控作用。最终,将该相似材料应用于神华新街软弱砂质泥岩煤矿盾构斜井的长期流变模型试验中,试验结果表明:该材料瞬时力学性能和流变特性均达到试验要求,为试验取得良好结果提供了材料保证。
At present, there are few similar materials that can reasonably simulate the rheological behavior of soft rock. It is also still in the exploratory stage to study the long-term rheological behavior of soft rock engineering based on the model test method. In this paper, a new rheological similar material of soft rock was developed, which compose of the iron powder, barite powder and quartz sand as aggregate, the rosin alcohol solution as binder and the hydraulic oil as viscous agent. This material processes a low strength and a significantly rheological property, which can not only simulate the transient elastoplastic properties of soft rock, but also simulate the rheological properties well. With a constant aggregate proportion, a series of gradient compounding tests were conducted by adjusting the concentration of rosin alcohol solution m and the content of hydraulic oil w. The tests results indicate that the main parameters associated with the instantaneous strength and deformation of the similar material as well as the rheological parameters of Nishihara model are all affected by the factors m and w. The higher the concentration of the rosin solution, the larger the strength and the smaller the rheology of samples are. A higher hydraulic oil content leads to lower strength and more obvious rheological behavior.Compared with the concentration of the rosin alcohol solution m, the hydraulic oil content w exerts more remarkable influence on the parameters of Nishihara model. Finally, the developed similar material was applied to the model test of the shield inclined shaft in the weak sandy mudstone in Shenhua Xinjie coal mine. The model test results show that, the instantaneous mechanical properties and rheological properties of the material meet the test requirements, which provides guarantee for good results.
At present, there are few similar materials that can reasonably simulate the rheological behavior of soft rock. It is also still in the exploratory stage to study the long-term rheological behavior of soft rock engineering based on the model test method. In this paper, a new rheological similar material of soft rock was developed, which compose of the iron powder, barite powder and quartz sand as aggregate, the rosin alcohol solution as binder and the hydraulic oil as viscous agent. This material processes a low strength and a significantly rheological property, which can not only simulate the transient elastoplastic properties of soft rock, but also simulate the rheological properties well. With a constant aggregate proportion, a series of gradient compounding tests were conducted by adjusting the concentration of rosin alcohol solution m and the content of hydraulic oil w. The tests results indicate that the main parameters associated with the instantaneous strength and deformation of the similar material as well as the rheological parameters of Nishihara model are all affected by the factors m and w. The higher the concentration of the rosin solution, the larger the strength and the smaller the rheology of samples are. A higher hydraulic oil content leads to lower strength and more obvious rheological behavior.Compared with the concentration of the rosin alcohol solution m, the hydraulic oil content w exerts more remarkable influence on the parameters of Nishihara model. Finally, the developed similar material was applied to the model test of the shield inclined shaft in the weak sandy mudstone in Shenhua Xinjie coal mine. The model test results show that, the instantaneous mechanical properties and rheological properties of the material meet the test requirements, which provides guarantee for good results.
引文
[1]陶波,伍法权,郭啟良,等.高地应力环境下乌鞘岭深埋长隧道软弱围岩流变规律实测与数值分析研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1828-1834.TAO Bo,WU Fa-quan,GUO Qi-liang,et al.Research on rheology rule of deep-buried long Wuqiaoling tunnel under high crustal stress by monitoring and numerical analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1828-1834.
[2]BARLA G,DEBERNARDI D,STERPI D.Time-dependent modeling of tunnels in squeezing conditions[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2012,12(6):697-710.
[3]YANG Zhi-fa,WANG Zhi-yin,ZHANG Lu-qing,et al.Back-analysis of viscoelastic displacements in a soft rock road tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(3):331-341.
[4]范鹏贤,王明洋,邢灏喆,等.模型试验中材料变形破坏的时间相似问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1843-1851.FAN Peng-xian,WANG Ming-yang,XING Hao-zhe,et al.Time-dependent problems of deformation and failure in geo-mechanical model tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1843-1851.
[5]马芳平,李仲奎,罗光福.NIOS模型材料及其在地质力学相似模型试验中的应用[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(1):48-51.MA Fang-ping,LI Zhong-kui,LUO Guang-fu.NIOSmodel material and its use in geo-mechanical similarity model test[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2004,23(1):48-52.
[6]张强勇,李术才,郭小红,等.铁晶砂胶结新型岩土相似材料的研制及其应用[J].岩土力学,2008,29(8):2126-2130.ZHANG Qiang-yong,LI Shu-cai,GUO Xiao-hong,et al.Research and development of new typed cementitious geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(8):2126-2130.
[7]张强勇,李术才,朱维申,等.铁晶砂胶结岩土相似材料及其制备方法:200510104581.4[P].2005-11-23.ZHANG Qiang-yong,LI Shu-cai,ZHU Wei-shen,et al.Development of a new cementitious geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand:200510104581.4[P].2005-11-23.
[8]李术才,周毅,李利平,等.地下工程流-固耦合模型试验新型相似材料的研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1128-1137.LI Shu-cai,ZHOU Yi,LI Li-ping,et al.Development and application of a new similar material for underground engineering fluid-solid coupling model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1128-1137.
[9]李树忱,冯现大,李术才,等.新型固流耦合相似材料的研制及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):281-288.LI Shu-chen,FENG Xian-da,LI Shu-cai,et al.Research and development of a new similar material for solid-fluid coupling and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):281-288.
[10]史小萌,刘保国,肖杰.水泥和石膏胶结相似材料配比的确定方法[J].岩土力学,2015,36(5):1357-1362.SHI Xiao-meng,LIU Bao-guo,XIAO Jie.A method for determining the ratio of similar materials with cement and plaster as bonding agents[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(5):1357-1362.
[11]任松,郭松涛,姜德义,等.盐岩蠕变相似模型及相似材料研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):106-110.REN Song,GUO Song-tao,JIANG De-yi,et al.Study of creep similar model and creep equivalent material of salt rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Suppl.1):106-110.
[12]刘德军,吕晶,张强勇,等.具有流变特性的盐岩相似材料的研制及应用[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(10):1590-1595.LIU De-jun,LüJing,ZHANG Qiang-yong,et al.Development and application of salt rock-similar materials with rheological property[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(10):1590-1595.
[13]张强勇,段抗,向文,等.极端风险因素影响的深部层状盐岩地下储气库群运营稳定三维流变模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(9):1766-1775.ZHANG Qiang-yong,DUAN Kang,XIANG Wen,et al.Three-dimensional rheological model test study of operational stability of deep laminated salt rock gas storage group under influence of extreme risk fators[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(9):1766-1775.
[14]杨旭,苏定立,周斌,等.红层软岩模型试验相似材料的配比试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(8):2231-2237.YANG Xu,SU Ding-li,ZHOU Bin,et al.Experiment study on similarity ratio of similar material for model test on red-bed soft rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(8):2231-2237.
[15]CRISTESCU ND H U.Time effects in rock mechanics[M].New York:Wiley,1998.
[16]陶波,伍法权,郭改梅,等.西原模型对岩石流变特性的适应性及其参数确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3165-3171.TAO Bo,WU Fa-quan,GUO Gai-mei,et al.Flexibility of visco elastoplastic model to rheological characteristics of rock and solution of rheological parameter[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3165-3171.
[17]徐慧宁,庞希斌,徐进,等.粉砂质泥岩的三轴蠕变试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(1):69-74.XU Hui-ning,PANG Xi-bin,XU Jin,et al.Study on triaxial creep test of silty mudstone[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(1):69-74.
[18]杜彬,刘保国.相似模拟及其在盾构施工煤矿斜井中应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2016.DU Bin,LIU Bao-guo.Similarity simulation and its application in shield inclined shaft[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2016.
[19]董金玉,杨继红,杨国香,等.基于正交设计的模型试验相似材料的配比试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):44-49.DONG Jin-yu,YANG Ji-hong,YANG Guo-xiang,et al.Research on similar material proportioning test of model test based on orthogonal design[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):44-49.
[20]邓华锋,原先凡,李建林,等.软岩三轴加-卸载试验的破坏特征及抗压强度取值方法研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):959-971.DENG Hua-feng,YUAN Xian-fan,LI Jian-lin,et al.Research on failure characteristics and determination method for compressive strength of soft rock in triaxial loading and unloading tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(4):959-971.
[21]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范2009年版[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Ministry of Construction of the PRC.GB 50021-2001Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering(version 2009)[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009.
[22]沈明荣,谌洪菊.红砂岩长期强度特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(11):3301-3305.SHEN Ming-rong,CHEN Hong-ju.Testing study of long-term strength characteristics of red sandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(11):3301-3305.
[23]ZHAO Y L,CAO P,WANG W J,et,al.Viscoelasto-plastic rheological experiment under circular increment step load and unload and nonlinear creep model of soft rocks[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2009,16(3):488-494.
[2]BARLA G,DEBERNARDI D,STERPI D.Time-dependent modeling of tunnels in squeezing conditions[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2012,12(6):697-710.
[3]YANG Zhi-fa,WANG Zhi-yin,ZHANG Lu-qing,et al.Back-analysis of viscoelastic displacements in a soft rock road tunnel[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(3):331-341.
[4]范鹏贤,王明洋,邢灏喆,等.模型试验中材料变形破坏的时间相似问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1843-1851.FAN Peng-xian,WANG Ming-yang,XING Hao-zhe,et al.Time-dependent problems of deformation and failure in geo-mechanical model tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1843-1851.
[5]马芳平,李仲奎,罗光福.NIOS模型材料及其在地质力学相似模型试验中的应用[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(1):48-51.MA Fang-ping,LI Zhong-kui,LUO Guang-fu.NIOSmodel material and its use in geo-mechanical similarity model test[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2004,23(1):48-52.
[6]张强勇,李术才,郭小红,等.铁晶砂胶结新型岩土相似材料的研制及其应用[J].岩土力学,2008,29(8):2126-2130.ZHANG Qiang-yong,LI Shu-cai,GUO Xiao-hong,et al.Research and development of new typed cementitious geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(8):2126-2130.
[7]张强勇,李术才,朱维申,等.铁晶砂胶结岩土相似材料及其制备方法:200510104581.4[P].2005-11-23.ZHANG Qiang-yong,LI Shu-cai,ZHU Wei-shen,et al.Development of a new cementitious geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand:200510104581.4[P].2005-11-23.
[8]李术才,周毅,李利平,等.地下工程流-固耦合模型试验新型相似材料的研制及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1128-1137.LI Shu-cai,ZHOU Yi,LI Li-ping,et al.Development and application of a new similar material for underground engineering fluid-solid coupling model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1128-1137.
[9]李树忱,冯现大,李术才,等.新型固流耦合相似材料的研制及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):281-288.LI Shu-chen,FENG Xian-da,LI Shu-cai,et al.Research and development of a new similar material for solid-fluid coupling and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):281-288.
[10]史小萌,刘保国,肖杰.水泥和石膏胶结相似材料配比的确定方法[J].岩土力学,2015,36(5):1357-1362.SHI Xiao-meng,LIU Bao-guo,XIAO Jie.A method for determining the ratio of similar materials with cement and plaster as bonding agents[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(5):1357-1362.
[11]任松,郭松涛,姜德义,等.盐岩蠕变相似模型及相似材料研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(增刊1):106-110.REN Song,GUO Song-tao,JIANG De-yi,et al.Study of creep similar model and creep equivalent material of salt rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Suppl.1):106-110.
[12]刘德军,吕晶,张强勇,等.具有流变特性的盐岩相似材料的研制及应用[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(10):1590-1595.LIU De-jun,LüJing,ZHANG Qiang-yong,et al.Development and application of salt rock-similar materials with rheological property[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(10):1590-1595.
[13]张强勇,段抗,向文,等.极端风险因素影响的深部层状盐岩地下储气库群运营稳定三维流变模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(9):1766-1775.ZHANG Qiang-yong,DUAN Kang,XIANG Wen,et al.Three-dimensional rheological model test study of operational stability of deep laminated salt rock gas storage group under influence of extreme risk fators[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(9):1766-1775.
[14]杨旭,苏定立,周斌,等.红层软岩模型试验相似材料的配比试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(8):2231-2237.YANG Xu,SU Ding-li,ZHOU Bin,et al.Experiment study on similarity ratio of similar material for model test on red-bed soft rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(8):2231-2237.
[15]CRISTESCU ND H U.Time effects in rock mechanics[M].New York:Wiley,1998.
[16]陶波,伍法权,郭改梅,等.西原模型对岩石流变特性的适应性及其参数确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3165-3171.TAO Bo,WU Fa-quan,GUO Gai-mei,et al.Flexibility of visco elastoplastic model to rheological characteristics of rock and solution of rheological parameter[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3165-3171.
[17]徐慧宁,庞希斌,徐进,等.粉砂质泥岩的三轴蠕变试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(1):69-74.XU Hui-ning,PANG Xi-bin,XU Jin,et al.Study on triaxial creep test of silty mudstone[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(1):69-74.
[18]杜彬,刘保国.相似模拟及其在盾构施工煤矿斜井中应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2016.DU Bin,LIU Bao-guo.Similarity simulation and its application in shield inclined shaft[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2016.
[19]董金玉,杨继红,杨国香,等.基于正交设计的模型试验相似材料的配比试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):44-49.DONG Jin-yu,YANG Ji-hong,YANG Guo-xiang,et al.Research on similar material proportioning test of model test based on orthogonal design[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):44-49.
[20]邓华锋,原先凡,李建林,等.软岩三轴加-卸载试验的破坏特征及抗压强度取值方法研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(4):959-971.DENG Hua-feng,YUAN Xian-fan,LI Jian-lin,et al.Research on failure characteristics and determination method for compressive strength of soft rock in triaxial loading and unloading tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(4):959-971.
[21]中华人民共和国建设部.GB 50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范2009年版[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.Ministry of Construction of the PRC.GB 50021-2001Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering(version 2009)[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2009.
[22]沈明荣,谌洪菊.红砂岩长期强度特性的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(11):3301-3305.SHEN Ming-rong,CHEN Hong-ju.Testing study of long-term strength characteristics of red sandstone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(11):3301-3305.
[23]ZHAO Y L,CAO P,WANG W J,et,al.Viscoelasto-plastic rheological experiment under circular increment step load and unload and nonlinear creep model of soft rocks[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2009,16(3):488-494.