不同轮伐期巨尾桉人工林的经济效益分析
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摘要
【目的】探讨不同轮伐期对人工林经济效益的影响,为从经济视角科学确定人工林的合理轮伐期提供理论依据。【方法】以短(7a)、中(13a)、长(21a)轮伐期的南亚热带巨尾桉人工林为研究对象,对不同轮伐期巨尾桉人工林的蓄积量(Stand volume,SV)、营林成本、净现值(Net present value,NPV)和内部收益率(Internal rate of return,IRR)进行分析,揭示不同轮伐期对经济效益的影响。【结果】随着轮伐期的延长,巨尾桉人工林的蓄积量持续增长,7a、13a、21a轮伐期的蓄积量分别为144.95m~3/hm~2、346.97m~3/hm~2、553.69m~3/hm~2。随着轮伐期的延长,巨尾桉人工林净现值不断增加,在12a时达到最高值(30 297.61元/hm~2),之后逐渐降低,7a、21a轮伐期的净现值分别为17 239.86元/hm~2、22 008.59元/hm~2。内部收益率在13a开始趋近峰值(53.32%),明显高于7a时的39.29%。【结论】在南亚热带,巨尾桉人工林的轮伐期确定在13a左右较为适宜,既可实现经济效益最大化,又可大幅提升蓄积量。
【Objective】The effects of different rational rotations on the economic benefits of plantation forests were discussed to provide a theoretical foundation for scientifically determining the reasonable rotation period of plantations from an economic perspective.【Methods】The short-term(7 a),medium(13 a),and long(21 a)rotations of the South Asian subtropical Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla plantations were studied.The stand volume(SV),establishment and management cost,net present value(NPV)and internal rate of return (IRR)of the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla plantations at different rotations were analyzed to reveal the impact of different rotation periods on economic efficiency.【Results】With the extension of the rotation period,the stand volume of E.urophylla plantations sustainably increased,and the stand volume at the turn of 7 a,13 a,and 21 awere 144.95 m~3/hm~2,346.97 m~3/hm~2,and 553.69 m~3/hm~2,respectively.With the extension of the rotation period,the net present value also increased continuously,reached the highest value 30 297.61 Yuan/hm~2 at 12 a,and then gradually decreased.The net present value of the rotation period of 7 a and 21 a were 17239.86 Yuan/hm~2 and 22 008.59 Yuan/hm~2 respectively.On the other hand,internal rate of return approached peak at 13 a(53.32%)which was significantly higher than that in 7 a(39.29%).【Conclusion】In the South Asian subtropics,the rotation period of the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla plantations was determined to be appropriate around 13 years,which could maximize the economic benefits and greatly increased the stand quality.
【Objective】The effects of different rational rotations on the economic benefits of plantation forests were discussed to provide a theoretical foundation for scientifically determining the reasonable rotation period of plantations from an economic perspective.【Methods】The short-term(7 a),medium(13 a),and long(21 a)rotations of the South Asian subtropical Eucalyptus grandis × E.urophylla plantations were studied.The stand volume(SV),establishment and management cost,net present value(NPV)and internal rate of return (IRR)of the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla plantations at different rotations were analyzed to reveal the impact of different rotation periods on economic efficiency.【Results】With the extension of the rotation period,the stand volume of E.urophylla plantations sustainably increased,and the stand volume at the turn of 7 a,13 a,and 21 awere 144.95 m~3/hm~2,346.97 m~3/hm~2,and 553.69 m~3/hm~2,respectively.With the extension of the rotation period,the net present value also increased continuously,reached the highest value 30 297.61 Yuan/hm~2 at 12 a,and then gradually decreased.The net present value of the rotation period of 7 a and 21 a were 17239.86 Yuan/hm~2 and 22 008.59 Yuan/hm~2 respectively.On the other hand,internal rate of return approached peak at 13 a(53.32%)which was significantly higher than that in 7 a(39.29%).【Conclusion】In the South Asian subtropics,the rotation period of the Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla plantations was determined to be appropriate around 13 years,which could maximize the economic benefits and greatly increased the stand quality.
引文
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[15]孟宪宇.测树学[M].中国林业出版社,1999.MENG X Y.Forest mensuration[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1999.
[2]张国武,罗建中,尹国平.澳大利亚·巴西桉树人工林经营特点及其启示[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(7):2965-2967.ZHANG G W,LUO J Z,YIN G P.Management feature of Eucalypt plantation in Australia and Brazil and its revalation[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2009,37(7):2965-2967.
[3]温远光.桉树生态、社会问题与科学发展[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2008.WEN Y G.Eucalyptus ecological,social issues and scientific development[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2008.
[4]DAGAR J C,LAL K,RAM J,et al.Eucalyptus geometry in agroforestry on waterlogged saline soils influences plant and soil traits in North-West India[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2016,233:33-42.
[5]KAUR N,SINGH B,GILL R I S.Productivity and profitability of intercrops under four tree species throughout their rotation in North-Western India[J].Indian Journal of Agronomy,2017,62(2):160-169.
[6]骆建莉.不同恢复阶段杉木人工林蓄积量的动态变化[J].河南林业科技,2014,34(4):16-18.LUO J L.Dynamic changes of stand volume of Chinese fir plantations in different recovery phase[J].Journal of Henan Forestry Science and Technology,2014,34(4):16-18.
[7]王伟峰,段玉玺,张立欣,等.不同轮伐期对杉木人工林碳固存的影响[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(7):669-678.WANG W F,DUAN Y X,ZHANG L X,et al.Effects of different rotations on carbon sequestration in Chinese fir plantations[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,40(7):669-678.
[8]WHITTOCK S P,GREAVES B L,APIOLAZA L A.Acash flow model to compare coppice and genetically improved seedling options for Eucalyptus globulus pulpwood plantations[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,191:267-274.
[9]GUEDES I C L,JUNIOR L M C,OLIVEIRA A D,et al.Economic analysis of replacement regeneration and coppice regeneration in Eucalyptus stands under risk conditions[J].Cerne,2011,17(3):393-401.
[10]ZHOU X G,YE D,ZHU H G,et al.Effects of second rotation seedlings and coppice on understorey vegetation and timber production of Eucalyptus plantations[J].Journal of Tropical Forest Science,2017,29(1):54-68.
[11]陈少雄,李志辉,李天会,等.不同初植密度的桉树人工林经济效益分析[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(1):1-6.CHEN S X,LI Z H,LI T H,et al.Economic analysis of Eucalypt plantation with different initial spacing[J].Forest Research,2008,21(1):1-6.
[12]刘世荣,杨予静,王晖.中国人工林经营发展战略与对策:从追求木材产量的单一目标经营转向提升生态系统服务质量和效益的多目标经营[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):1-10.LIU S R,YANG Y J,WANG H.Development strategy and management countermeasures of planted forests in China:Transforming from timber-centered single objective management towards multi-purpose management for enhancing quality and benefits of ecosystem services[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(1):1-10.
[13]刘世荣,温远光,蔡道雄,等.气候变化对森林的影响与多尺度适应性管理研究进展[J].广西科学,2014,21(5):419-435.LIU S R,WEN Y G,CAI D X,et al.Impacts of climate change on forests and adaptive multi-scales management:A review[J].Guangxi Sciences,2014,21(5):419-435.
[14]温远光,左花,朱宏光,等.连栽对桉树人工林植被盖度、物种多样性及功能群的影响[J].广西科学,2014,21(5):463-468,483.WEN Y G,ZUO H,ZHU H G,et al.Effect of successive rotations on vegetation cover,species diversity and functional groups in Eucalyptus plantations of South China[J].Guangxi Sciences,2014,21(5):463-468,483.
[15]孟宪宇.测树学[M].中国林业出版社,1999.MENG X Y.Forest mensuration[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,1999.