自噬及其在肾癌中的研究进展
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摘要
自噬性细胞死亡是程序性细胞死亡的一种,其描述了三种将胞质大分子和细胞器递送到溶酶体进行降解的过程,而每种之间的差别在于递送的方式,其中研究最广泛的是巨自噬。通常情况下,自噬在未受刺激的细胞中以基础水平发生;而在营养缺乏或应激情况下,自噬被增强以充当内部能量来源。此外,当肿瘤细胞遭遇应激时也增强了自噬,这可以保护肿瘤细胞或促进其死亡。因此,自噬在细胞存活、生长、发育以及肿瘤的发生发展中发挥着重要的作用,了解自噬的作用机制,可为肿瘤包括肾癌的治疗提供新的靶点。
Autophagic cell death is one kind of programmed cell deaths,which describes three processes that deliver cytoplasmic macromolecules and organelles to lysosomes for degradation,and the difference among each kind is the delivery way. The most extensively studied form is macroautophagy. In normal conditions,autophagy occurs at a basal level in unstimulated cells,while in the conditions of nutrient shortage or stressing,autophagy is enhanced to serve as an internal energy source. In addition,autophagy is also enhanced in tumor cells when encountering with stresses,and this either protects the cells or promotes their death. Therefore,autophagy plays a crucial role in cell survival,growth,development and tumorigenesis,and clarifying the mechanism of autophagy could provide new targets for the treatment of tumors including renal cell carcinoma.
Autophagic cell death is one kind of programmed cell deaths,which describes three processes that deliver cytoplasmic macromolecules and organelles to lysosomes for degradation,and the difference among each kind is the delivery way. The most extensively studied form is macroautophagy. In normal conditions,autophagy occurs at a basal level in unstimulated cells,while in the conditions of nutrient shortage or stressing,autophagy is enhanced to serve as an internal energy source. In addition,autophagy is also enhanced in tumor cells when encountering with stresses,and this either protects the cells or promotes their death. Therefore,autophagy plays a crucial role in cell survival,growth,development and tumorigenesis,and clarifying the mechanism of autophagy could provide new targets for the treatment of tumors including renal cell carcinoma.
引文
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