北京市桃主产区土壤重金属空间结构特征及来源
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摘要
运用地统计学和主成分分析法对北京市桃主产区土壤Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Pb 5种重金属的含量、空间结构特征及来源进行研究.结果表明:5种重金属含量平均值均达到国家土壤环境质量一级标准,变异系数在0.16～0.29之间; Hg、As、Cr具有强烈的空间自相关;Cd和Pb具有中等空间相关性;Hg、Cr的最佳拟合模型为高斯模型,As、Cd、Pb的最佳拟合模型为指数模型.Pb、As、Cr、Hg含量的空间分布受土壤母质、地形等结构性因素影响显著.Cd含量的空间分布受土壤母质、地形等结构性因素和土地利用等随机因素的共同影响.综上,调查区内土壤重金属大部分保持自然背景水平,适宜作物生长.
The contents, spatial structure characteristics, resources of mercury(Hg), arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), plumbum(Pb) from 122 topsoil samples in the main producing area for peach in Beijing were systematically analyzed by Geostatistical methods and principal component analysis. The results showed that the average contents of 5 heavy metals met the standard Ⅰ of China Soil Environment Quality Standard, with variation coefficients of all heavy metals ranging from 0.16 to 0.29. In addition, the nugget showed that Hg, As and Cr had strong spatial autocorrelation, while Cd and Pb was moderately correlated. The best fitting model for Hg and Cr was Gaussian model, and it was the exponential model for As, Cd, and Pb. The spatial distribution of Pb, As, Cr and Hg were significantly influenced by structural factors such as soil parent material, altitude, etc. The spatial distribution of Cd content was influenced by structural and random factors such as soil parent material, altitude, land use, etc. In conclusion, the contents of soil heavy metals in this survey area mostly maintain natural background level and are suitable for crop growth.
The contents, spatial structure characteristics, resources of mercury(Hg), arsenic(As), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), plumbum(Pb) from 122 topsoil samples in the main producing area for peach in Beijing were systematically analyzed by Geostatistical methods and principal component analysis. The results showed that the average contents of 5 heavy metals met the standard Ⅰ of China Soil Environment Quality Standard, with variation coefficients of all heavy metals ranging from 0.16 to 0.29. In addition, the nugget showed that Hg, As and Cr had strong spatial autocorrelation, while Cd and Pb was moderately correlated. The best fitting model for Hg and Cr was Gaussian model, and it was the exponential model for As, Cd, and Pb. The spatial distribution of Pb, As, Cr and Hg were significantly influenced by structural factors such as soil parent material, altitude, etc. The spatial distribution of Cd content was influenced by structural and random factors such as soil parent material, altitude, land use, etc. In conclusion, the contents of soil heavy metals in this survey area mostly maintain natural background level and are suitable for crop growth.
引文
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[29]丛源,郑萍,陈岳龙,等.北京农田生态系统土壤重金属元素的生态风险评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(5):681-688.
[30]朱先芳,唐磊,季宏兵,等.北京北部水系沉积物中重金属的研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(12):2 553-2 562.
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[33]林礼贵.轮胎生产工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[34]范伟国,杨洪强.不同基质对平邑甜茶幼树生长、根系形态与营养吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):936-941.
[35]KHAN S,MUNIR S,SAJJAD M,et al.Urban park soil contamination by potentially harmful elements and human health risk in Peshawar City,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2016,165:102-110.
[36]PAPAZPTPS P,CHALKIADAKI O,CHATZISTAMATIOU E A,et al.Heavy metals in urban park soils from Athens,Greece[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece,2016,50(4),2 251-2 260.
[2]GU Y G,GAO Y P,LIN Q.Contamination,bioaccessibility and human health risk of heavy metals in exposed-lawn soils from28 urban parks in southern China's largest city,Guangzhou[J].Applied Geochemistry,2016,67:52-58.
[3]吴晓娜,范永明,朱秀红,等.桃园土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析[J].河南科学,2017,35(9):1 432-1 438.
[4]刘苹,于淑芳,杨力,等.栖霞市苹果产地土壤环境质量评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2 274-2 278.
[5]宋从从,陈进,孙建梅.青州蜜桃果实品质评价及重金属含量研究现状[J].农业与技术,2016,36(20):240-241.
[6]安婧,宫晓双,陈宏伟,等.沈抚灌区农田土壤重金属污染时空变化特征及生态健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):37-44.
[7]DUAN X,ZHANG G,RONG L,et al.Spatial distribution and environmental factors of catchment-scale soil heavy metal contamination in the dry-hot valley of Upper Red River in southwestern China[J].Catena,2015,135:59-69.
[8]杨忠平,卢文喜,刘新荣,等.长春市城区表层土壤重金属污染来源解析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2009,22(5):29-33.
[9]赵彦锋,郭恒亮,孙志英,等.基于土壤学知识的主成分分析判断土壤重金属来源[J].地理科学,2008,28(1):45-50.
[10]安永龙,黄勇,刘清俊,等.北京城区表层土壤多元素分布特征及重金属元素污染评价[J].地质通报,2016,35(12):2 111-2 120.
[11]吴琼,赵同科,邹国元,等.北京东南郊农田土壤重金属含量与环境质量评价[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(1):7-12.
[12]CHEN T B,ZHENG Y M,LEI M,et al.Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,2005,60(4):542-551.
[13]李小曼,刘勤,徐梦洁,等.苏南村镇土壤重金属空间变异性研究[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):179-185.
[14]牛然.不同资源类型的乡村旅游规划研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2008.
[15]陈同斌,郑袁明,陈煌,等.北京市土壤重金属含量背景值的系统研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(1):117-122.
[16]郑袁明,陈煌,陈同斌,等.北京市土壤中Cr,Ni含量的空间结构与分布特征[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(4):436-445.
[17]汤国安.ArcGIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[18]陈增文.福建省土壤砷含量空间变异性[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2015,10(4):17-23.
[19]陈彦,吕新.基于Gl S和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究---以新疆农七师125团为例[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7):389-391.
[20]王幼奇,白一茹,王建宇.基于GIS的银川市不同功能区土壤重金属污染评价及分布特征[J].环境科学,2016(2):710-716.
[21]张彩云,庞奖励,申海元,等.人工苹果园持续时间对土壤重金属分布的影响[J].干旱区地理,2010,33(2):164-169.
[22]郭旭东,傅伯杰.河北省遵化平原土壤养分的时空变异特征:变异函数与Kriging插值[J].地理学报,2000,1(5):555-566.
[23]刘晓林,李文峰,杨林楠,等.基于Arc GIS地统计分析模块的土壤养分空间变异分析---以云南省建水县为例[J].土壤通报,2012,43(6):1 432-1 437.
[24]陈玉东,王火焰,周健民,等.黑龙江省海伦市农田土壤重金属分布特征及污染评价[J].土壤,2012,44(4):613-620.
[25]国家环境保护局南京环境科学研究所.土壤环境质量标准:GB15618-1995[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[26]夏增禄.土壤元素背景值及其研究方法[M].北京:气象出版社,1987:57.
[27]雷凌明,喻大松,陈玉鹏,等.陕西泾惠渠灌区土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(6):88-96.
[28]王从陆,吴超,段瑜.基于主成分综合模型的矿区农田重金属污染评价[J].中国工程科学,2008(7):186-189.
[29]丛源,郑萍,陈岳龙,等.北京农田生态系统土壤重金属元素的生态风险评价[J].地质通报,2008,27(5):681-688.
[30]朱先芳,唐磊,季宏兵,等.北京北部水系沉积物中重金属的研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(12):2 553-2 562.
[31]BOR U7)VKA L,VACEK O,JEHLI CˇKA J.Principal component analysis as a tool to indicate the origin of potentially toxic elements in soils[J].Geoderma,2005,128(3):289-300.
[32]张志红,杨文敏.汽油车排出颗粒物的化学组分分析[J].中国公共卫生,2001,17(7):623-624.
[33]林礼贵.轮胎生产工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008.
[34]范伟国,杨洪强.不同基质对平邑甜茶幼树生长、根系形态与营养吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):936-941.
[35]KHAN S,MUNIR S,SAJJAD M,et al.Urban park soil contamination by potentially harmful elements and human health risk in Peshawar City,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2016,165:102-110.
[36]PAPAZPTPS P,CHALKIADAKI O,CHATZISTAMATIOU E A,et al.Heavy metals in urban park soils from Athens,Greece[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece,2016,50(4),2 251-2 260.