悬浮载体结垢对CANON-MBBR系统影响及恢复控制探究
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摘要
针对CANON-MBBR(completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite-moving bed biofilm ractor)工艺悬浮载体出现的结垢现象,验证了结垢的主要成分及产生原因,采用EDTA-2Na(乙二胺四乙酸二钠)进行除垢,并采取了结构预防措施。结果表明,结垢原因为系统高pH引起碳酸钙生成并附着于悬浮载体上。投加20 mg·L~(-1)EDTA-2Na后结垢现象随反应器运行逐渐消失,系统总氮去除负荷在80 d内由0.27 kg N·(m~3·d)~(-1)恢复至0.83 kg N·(m~3·d)~(-1),恢复率接近100%,针对曝气情况下反应器高度与系统碱度吹脱程度存在负相关,为防止碱度吹脱造成系统pH上升引起结垢,对反应器池体进行加高,系统pH降至正常水平,有效防止了结垢的生成,系统负荷保持稳定。对反应器各阶段微生物进行高通量测序分析,结果显示悬浮载体结垢导致功能微生物及种群多样性下降,结垢消除后功能微生物丰度再次上升,最终AOB及AnAOB丰度分别达到11%和23%,群落多样性略微下降,物种均一化程度趋于稳定。
In view of the scaling of suspension carrier in CANON-MBBR(completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite-moving bed biofilm reactor), the main components and causes of scaling were verified. EDTA-2 Na was used to remove scaling and preventive measures were taken. The results show that the scaling is caused by the formation of calcium carbonate and its attachment to the suspension carrier due to the high pH of the system.EDTA-2 Na was selected to be the scale removal agent and the scaling phenomenon disappeared gradually with the operation of the reactor after adding 20 mg·L~(-1) EDTA-2 Na. The total nitrogen removal load of the reactor was restored from 0.27 kg N·(m~3·d)~(~(-1)) to 0.83 kg N·(m~3·d)~(-1) within 80 d. The recovery rate was close to 100%. In view of the negative correlation between the reactor height and the alkalinity blowing degree of the system, in order to prevent the scaling caused by the high pH due to alkalinity blowing. The reactor height was raised and the pH of the system was reduced to normal level, the necessary conditions for scaling were eliminated, and the system load remained stable. High-throughput sequencing analysis of microorganisms in different stages of the reactor showed that scaling on suspension carriers occupies the effective specific surface area of suspension carrier. As a result, the abundance of AOB and AnAOB in CANON functional microorganisms decreased from 10%, 20% to 5% and 4%respectively. In addition, the diversity of biofilm population on the surface of suspension carriers also decreased.After scaling was eliminated, the abundance of AOB and AnAOB increased again and eventually reached 11% and 23% respectively. The diversity of community decreased slightly, and the degree of species homogenization tended to be stable.
In view of the scaling of suspension carrier in CANON-MBBR(completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite-moving bed biofilm reactor), the main components and causes of scaling were verified. EDTA-2 Na was used to remove scaling and preventive measures were taken. The results show that the scaling is caused by the formation of calcium carbonate and its attachment to the suspension carrier due to the high pH of the system.EDTA-2 Na was selected to be the scale removal agent and the scaling phenomenon disappeared gradually with the operation of the reactor after adding 20 mg·L~(-1) EDTA-2 Na. The total nitrogen removal load of the reactor was restored from 0.27 kg N·(m~3·d)~(~(-1)) to 0.83 kg N·(m~3·d)~(-1) within 80 d. The recovery rate was close to 100%. In view of the negative correlation between the reactor height and the alkalinity blowing degree of the system, in order to prevent the scaling caused by the high pH due to alkalinity blowing. The reactor height was raised and the pH of the system was reduced to normal level, the necessary conditions for scaling were eliminated, and the system load remained stable. High-throughput sequencing analysis of microorganisms in different stages of the reactor showed that scaling on suspension carriers occupies the effective specific surface area of suspension carrier. As a result, the abundance of AOB and AnAOB in CANON functional microorganisms decreased from 10%, 20% to 5% and 4%respectively. In addition, the diversity of biofilm population on the surface of suspension carriers also decreased.After scaling was eliminated, the abundance of AOB and AnAOB increased again and eventually reached 11% and 23% respectively. The diversity of community decreased slightly, and the degree of species homogenization tended to be stable.
引文
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[9] Trigo C, Campos J L, Garrido J M, et al. Start-up of the Anammox process in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2006, 126(4):475-487.
[10] Xiong L, Wang Y Y, Tang C J, et al. Start-up characteristics of a granule-based anammox UASB reactor seeded with anaerobic granular sludge[J]. BioMed Research International, 2013, 2013:1-9.
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[12] Lackner S, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences—an application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55:292-303.
[13]国家环境保护局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:环境科学出版社, 2002.State Environmental Protection Agency. Water and Exhausted Water Monitoring Analysis Method[M]. Beijing:Environmental Science Press, 2002.
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[15] Wang Q, Garrity G M, Tiedje J M, et al. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007, 73(16):5261-5267.
[16]王建娜,潘咸峰,张方银,等. BAF深度处理高盐污水填料结垢趋势研究[J].齐鲁石油化工, 2013,(1):1-4.Wang J N, Pan X F, Zhang F Y, et al. Study on scaling trend of packing in BAF advanced treatment of high salt sewage[J]. Qilu Petrochemical Technology, 2013,(1):1-4.
[17]张清军,罗全民,刘范,等.稠油污水生化好氧段结垢机理分析[J].石油天然气学报, 2009, 31(4):368-370.Zhang Q J, Luo Q M, Liu F, et al. Analysis of scaling mechanism in biochemical aerobic section of heavy oil sewage[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2009, 31(4):368-370.
[18]侯大力,罗平亚,王长权,等.高温高压下CO2在水中溶解度实验及理论模型[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(2):564-572.Hou D L, Luo P Y, Wang C Q, et al. Experimental research and theoretical model for CO2solubility in water under high temperature and high pressure[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(2):564-572.
[19]金德成,万太发.用EDTA-2Na处理蒸馏锅水垢[J].中国医院药学杂志, 1987, 6:34.Jin D C, Wan T F. Treatment of distillation boiler scale with EDTA-2Na[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 1987,6:34.
[20] van de Graaf A A, de Bruijn P, Robertson L A, et al. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Microbiology, 1996, 142(8):2187-2196.
[21]曲堂超,肖作义,肖明慧,等. EDTA-2Na盐除垢与清洗液循环利用的实验研究[J].工业安全与环保, 2017, 43(9):103-106.Qu T C, Xiao Z Y, Xiao M H, et al. The study of EDTA-2Na salt descaling and cleaning fluid recycling[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2017, 43(9):103-106.
[22]陈希,钱飞跃,王建芳,等.环境因子对全自养脱氮颗粒污泥功能菌协同效应的影响[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(4):1756-1762.Chen X, Qian F Y, Wang J F, et al. Effects of environmental factors on the synergy of functional bacteria in completely autotrophic granular sludge[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(4):1756-1762.
[23]郑雪松,龚钢明.全程自养脱氮系统中氨氧化菌关键种群的变迁[J].环境科学与技术, 2009, 32(11):9-12.Zheng X S, Gong G M. Changing of dominant species in ammoniaoxidizing population for deammonification[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2009, 32(11):9-12.
[24]曹丽娟,陈杰,姜广萌,等.基于侧流富集/主流强化的CANON工艺处理常温低氨氮废水的稳态控制[J].化工学报, 2017, 68(12):4723-4730.Cao L J, Chen J, Jiang G M, et al. Controlling strategy for a CANON system treating wastewater with low ammonium concentration at room temperature via bio-augmentation batch enhance method[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(12):4723-4730.
[25] Gong Z, Liu S, Yang F, et al. Characterization of functional microbial community in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor operated for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal[J].Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(8):2749-2756.
[26] Chang Q, Wang W, Chen J, et al. Keeping a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite system effective in treating low ammonium wastewater by adopting an alternative low and high ammonium influent regime[J]. BioMed Research International, 2018, 2018:1-9.
[27] Kartal B, Maalcke W J, de Almeida N M, et al. Molecular mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Nature, 2011,479(7371):127-130.
[28] Schmid M, Twachtmann U, Klein M, et al. Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable of catalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2000, 23(1):93-106.
[29] Hu B, Zheng P, Tang C, et al. Identification and quantification of anammox bacteria in eight nitrogen removal reactors[J]. Water Research, 2010, 44(17):5014-5020.
[30] Zhang X, Li D, Liang Y, et al. Application of membrane bioreactor for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON)process[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 93(11):2832-2838.
[31]刘甜甜,彭永臻,王淑莹,等.盐度对垃圾渗滤液短程脱氮性能及其N2O产量的影响[J].化工学报, 2012, 63(10):3269-3276.Liu T T, Peng Y Z, Wang S Y, et al. Impact of salinity shock on nitrogen removal and N2O output in treating landfill leachate[J].CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(10):3269-3276.
[32]金仁村,马春,郑平,等.盐度对Anammox的短期影响研究[J].高校化学工程学报, 2013, 27(2):322-329.Jin R C, Ma C, Zheng P, et al. Short-term effects of salinity on Anammox[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2013, 27(2):322-329.
[2] Zhang L, Zheng P, Tang C, et al. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation for treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2008, 9(5):416-426.
[3] Wang C, Liu S, Xu X, et al. Potential coupling effects of ammoniaoxidizing and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria on completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite biofilm formation induced by the second messenger cyclic diguanylate[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017, 101(9):3821-3828.
[4] Cema G. Comparative study on different Anammox systems[D].Silesian:Silesian University of Technology, 2009.
[5] Ali M, Oshiki M, Awata T, et al. Physiological characterization of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterium‘Candidatus Jettenia caeni[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2015, 17(6):2172-2189.
[6] Christensson M, Ekstr?m S, Lemaire R, et al. ANITA?Mox—a biofarm solution for fast start-up of deammonifying MBBRs[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, 2011,(18):265-282.
[7] Gustavsson D J I, Syd V A, Malm?S. Biological sludge liquor treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants—a review[J].Vatten, 2010, 66(3):179-192.
[8] Sun H, Peng Y, Shi X. Advanced treatment of landfill leachate using anaerobic-aerobic process:organic removal by simultaneous denitritation and methanogenesis and nitrogen removal via nitrite[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2015, 177:337-345.
[9] Trigo C, Campos J L, Garrido J M, et al. Start-up of the Anammox process in a membrane bioreactor[J]. Journal of Biotechnology,2006, 126(4):475-487.
[10] Xiong L, Wang Y Y, Tang C J, et al. Start-up characteristics of a granule-based anammox UASB reactor seeded with anaerobic granular sludge[J]. BioMed Research International, 2013, 2013:1-9.
[11]付昆明,王会芳,左早荣,等.生物膜CANON反应器中沉积物影响及其成因分析[J].环境科学, 2015, 36(8):2926-2933.Fu K M, Wang H F, Zuo Z R, et al. Analysis of precipitation formation in biofilm CANON reactor and its effect on nitrogen removal[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(8):2926-2933.
[12] Lackner S, Gilbert E M, Vlaeminck S E, et al. Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences—an application survey[J]. Water Research, 2014, 55:292-303.
[13]国家环境保护局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:环境科学出版社, 2002.State Environmental Protection Agency. Water and Exhausted Water Monitoring Analysis Method[M]. Beijing:Environmental Science Press, 2002.
[14] Edgar R C. Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST[J]. Bioinformatics, 2010, 26(19):2460-2461.
[15] Wang Q, Garrity G M, Tiedje J M, et al. Naive Bayesian classifier for rapid assignment of rRNA sequences into the new bacterial taxonomy[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2007, 73(16):5261-5267.
[16]王建娜,潘咸峰,张方银,等. BAF深度处理高盐污水填料结垢趋势研究[J].齐鲁石油化工, 2013,(1):1-4.Wang J N, Pan X F, Zhang F Y, et al. Study on scaling trend of packing in BAF advanced treatment of high salt sewage[J]. Qilu Petrochemical Technology, 2013,(1):1-4.
[17]张清军,罗全民,刘范,等.稠油污水生化好氧段结垢机理分析[J].石油天然气学报, 2009, 31(4):368-370.Zhang Q J, Luo Q M, Liu F, et al. Analysis of scaling mechanism in biochemical aerobic section of heavy oil sewage[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2009, 31(4):368-370.
[18]侯大力,罗平亚,王长权,等.高温高压下CO2在水中溶解度实验及理论模型[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2015, 45(2):564-572.Hou D L, Luo P Y, Wang C Q, et al. Experimental research and theoretical model for CO2solubility in water under high temperature and high pressure[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(2):564-572.
[19]金德成,万太发.用EDTA-2Na处理蒸馏锅水垢[J].中国医院药学杂志, 1987, 6:34.Jin D C, Wan T F. Treatment of distillation boiler scale with EDTA-2Na[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, 1987,6:34.
[20] van de Graaf A A, de Bruijn P, Robertson L A, et al. Autotrophic growth of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing micro-organisms in a fluidized bed reactor[J]. Microbiology, 1996, 142(8):2187-2196.
[21]曲堂超,肖作义,肖明慧,等. EDTA-2Na盐除垢与清洗液循环利用的实验研究[J].工业安全与环保, 2017, 43(9):103-106.Qu T C, Xiao Z Y, Xiao M H, et al. The study of EDTA-2Na salt descaling and cleaning fluid recycling[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2017, 43(9):103-106.
[22]陈希,钱飞跃,王建芳,等.环境因子对全自养脱氮颗粒污泥功能菌协同效应的影响[J].环境科学, 2018, 39(4):1756-1762.Chen X, Qian F Y, Wang J F, et al. Effects of environmental factors on the synergy of functional bacteria in completely autotrophic granular sludge[J]. Environmental Science, 2018, 39(4):1756-1762.
[23]郑雪松,龚钢明.全程自养脱氮系统中氨氧化菌关键种群的变迁[J].环境科学与技术, 2009, 32(11):9-12.Zheng X S, Gong G M. Changing of dominant species in ammoniaoxidizing population for deammonification[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2009, 32(11):9-12.
[24]曹丽娟,陈杰,姜广萌,等.基于侧流富集/主流强化的CANON工艺处理常温低氨氮废水的稳态控制[J].化工学报, 2017, 68(12):4723-4730.Cao L J, Chen J, Jiang G M, et al. Controlling strategy for a CANON system treating wastewater with low ammonium concentration at room temperature via bio-augmentation batch enhance method[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(12):4723-4730.
[25] Gong Z, Liu S, Yang F, et al. Characterization of functional microbial community in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor operated for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal[J].Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(8):2749-2756.
[26] Chang Q, Wang W, Chen J, et al. Keeping a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite system effective in treating low ammonium wastewater by adopting an alternative low and high ammonium influent regime[J]. BioMed Research International, 2018, 2018:1-9.
[27] Kartal B, Maalcke W J, de Almeida N M, et al. Molecular mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Nature, 2011,479(7371):127-130.
[28] Schmid M, Twachtmann U, Klein M, et al. Molecular evidence for genus level diversity of bacteria capable of catalyzing anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2000, 23(1):93-106.
[29] Hu B, Zheng P, Tang C, et al. Identification and quantification of anammox bacteria in eight nitrogen removal reactors[J]. Water Research, 2010, 44(17):5014-5020.
[30] Zhang X, Li D, Liang Y, et al. Application of membrane bioreactor for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite(CANON)process[J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 93(11):2832-2838.
[31]刘甜甜,彭永臻,王淑莹,等.盐度对垃圾渗滤液短程脱氮性能及其N2O产量的影响[J].化工学报, 2012, 63(10):3269-3276.Liu T T, Peng Y Z, Wang S Y, et al. Impact of salinity shock on nitrogen removal and N2O output in treating landfill leachate[J].CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(10):3269-3276.
[32]金仁村,马春,郑平,等.盐度对Anammox的短期影响研究[J].高校化学工程学报, 2013, 27(2):322-329.Jin R C, Ma C, Zheng P, et al. Short-term effects of salinity on Anammox[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2013, 27(2):322-329.