湖南白族6～16岁学生皮褶厚度与体成分
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摘要
目的:了解湖南白族学生的皮褶厚度和体成分发育规律。方法:随机抽取湖南白族6～16岁学生1 525名(男生748人,女生777人),采用人体测量方法,测量身高、体质量以及肱三头肌、肩胛下、髂前上棘和小腿内侧皮褶的厚度。根据公式计算体脂率、脂肪质量、瘦体质量、脂肪质量指数和瘦体质量指数。结果:随着年龄增长,女生的皮褶逐渐增厚,而男生15岁后逐渐变薄,各年龄组女生皮褶均厚于男生,多数年龄组男女生皮褶厚度均值比较差异有统计学意义;体脂率、脂肪质量、脂肪质量指数均值随年龄增长,女生的逐渐增加,而男生14岁后下降明显,各年龄组女生各指标值都明显高于男生;男女生的瘦体质量和瘦体质量指数发育曲线呈上升趋势并有2次交叉现象。结论:湖南白族学生的皮褶厚度及其体成分发育符合生长发育一般规律,并有性别差异,白族学生的体脂率低于裕固族、苗族等族群,皮下脂肪含量较少。
Objective : To study the characteristics and regularities of skinfold thickness and body composition of Bai ethnic students in Hunan. Methods : Stature,body mass,triceps skinfold,subscapular skinfold, anterior superior iliac skinfold and medial calf skinfold of 1525 Bai students(748 males and 777 females) aged 6-16 were measured in Hunan,and the percent of body fat, fat mass,lean body mass,fat mass index and lean mass index were calculated by formula. Results : The skinfold thickness of the Bai female students gradually increased with their age increasing.However,the skinfold thickness of the Bai male students decreased after 15 years old. The skinfold thickness of females were chicker than those of males, and there were statistically significant differences in the mean value of skinfold thickness between males and females in most age groups. The percent of body fat, fat mass and fat mass index of females gradually increased with their age increasing. However, those of males gradually decreased after 14 years old. The percent of body fat, fat mass and fat mass index of females were significantly higher than those of males in all age groups. The growth curves of lean body mass and lean mass index of males and females were on the rise and twice crossover phenomena appeared. Conclusion : The development of the skinfold thickness and body composition of Bai ethnicity students in Hunan are in conformity with the general growth pattern, and there is gender difference in the development of the skinfold thickness and body composition between male and female Bai students. Bai students have lower body fat rate and less subcutaneous fat than other ethnic groups such as Yugu and Miao.
Objective : To study the characteristics and regularities of skinfold thickness and body composition of Bai ethnic students in Hunan. Methods : Stature,body mass,triceps skinfold,subscapular skinfold, anterior superior iliac skinfold and medial calf skinfold of 1525 Bai students(748 males and 777 females) aged 6-16 were measured in Hunan,and the percent of body fat, fat mass,lean body mass,fat mass index and lean mass index were calculated by formula. Results : The skinfold thickness of the Bai female students gradually increased with their age increasing.However,the skinfold thickness of the Bai male students decreased after 15 years old. The skinfold thickness of females were chicker than those of males, and there were statistically significant differences in the mean value of skinfold thickness between males and females in most age groups. The percent of body fat, fat mass and fat mass index of females gradually increased with their age increasing. However, those of males gradually decreased after 14 years old. The percent of body fat, fat mass and fat mass index of females were significantly higher than those of males in all age groups. The growth curves of lean body mass and lean mass index of males and females were on the rise and twice crossover phenomena appeared. Conclusion : The development of the skinfold thickness and body composition of Bai ethnicity students in Hunan are in conformity with the general growth pattern, and there is gender difference in the development of the skinfold thickness and body composition between male and female Bai students. Bai students have lower body fat rate and less subcutaneous fat than other ethnic groups such as Yugu and Miao.
引文
[1]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.江苏汉族成人皮褶厚度[J].解剖学报,2014,45(4):578-581.
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[3]Wang SR,Cheng Y,Chen M,et al.Trends in the prevalence of elevated skinfold thickness among children and adolescents in Shandong province,China,1995-2014[J].Public Health Nutr,2018,21(12):2238-2241.
[4]金丹,李咏兰,宇克莉,等.海南临高人的皮褶厚度[J].解剖学杂志,2016,39(3):358-361.
[5]Khadilkar A,Mandlik R,Chiplonkar S,et al.Reference centile curves for triceps skinfold thickness for Indian children aged 5 to17 years and cut offs for predicting risk of childhood hypertension:a multi-centric study[J].Indian Pediatr,2015,52(8):675-680.
[6]Kuhle S,Maguire B,At aN,et al.Percentilecurves for anthropometric measures for Canadian children and youth[J].PLoSOne,2015,10(7):e0132891.
[7]Zhang Y X,Zhao J S,Chu Z H.Percentiles and regional distribution of skinfold thickness among children and adolescents in Shandong,China[J].Am J Hum Biol,2015,27(3):417-420.
[8]Anand S S,Gupta M K,Schulze K M,et al.What accounts for ethnic differences in newborn skinfold thickness comparing South Asians and White Caucasians?Findings from the START and FAMILY Birth Cohorts[J].Int J Obes(Lond),2016,40(2):239-244.
[9]Bratke H,Bruserud I S,Brannsether B,et al.Timing of menarche in Norwegian girls:associations with body mass index,waist circumference and skinfold thickness[J].BMC Pediatr,2017,17(1):138-143.
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[13]张丽剑.散杂居背景下的族群认同:湖南桑植白族研究[M].北京:民族出版社,2009:27-35.
[14]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:32-38.
[15]马卫红,海向军,何烨,等.甘肃裕固族青少年皮褶厚度及体脂含量分析[J].解剖学杂志,2012,35(5):665-669.
[16]石慧娟,黄大元,吴国运,等.苗族青少年体成分分析[J].解剖学杂志,2012,35(4):497-500.
[17]黄拥军,李传健,苏成柏,等.广东瑶族中小学生皮褶厚度变化规律分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(11):1387-1388.
[18]宋刚,席焕久,李文慧,等.拉萨藏族儿童青少年皮下脂肪的分布特点[J].辽宁医学院学报,2013,34(5):9-12.
[19]窦义蓉,曹型厚,唐平.重庆市7~22岁学生皮褶厚度及其与生长发育的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(5):619-620.
[20]高刚.新疆维吾尔族青少年学生身体形态指标分析[J].新疆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,35(4):81-85.
[21]刘鹏,龚继春,邓琼英,等.仫佬族儿童青少年体格发育状况[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(10):1544-1546,1550.
[22]李咏兰,郑连斌.城市汉族的瘦体质量和脂肪质量[J].人类学学报,2018,37(1):121-130.
[23]汤松林.儿童少年体脂重和瘦体重的调查[J].中国校医,1992,6(1):10-12.
[2]Rodríguez G,Samper MP,Olivares JL,et al.Skinfold measurements at birth:sex and anthropometric influence[J].Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed,2005,90(3):273-275.
[3]Wang SR,Cheng Y,Chen M,et al.Trends in the prevalence of elevated skinfold thickness among children and adolescents in Shandong province,China,1995-2014[J].Public Health Nutr,2018,21(12):2238-2241.
[4]金丹,李咏兰,宇克莉,等.海南临高人的皮褶厚度[J].解剖学杂志,2016,39(3):358-361.
[5]Khadilkar A,Mandlik R,Chiplonkar S,et al.Reference centile curves for triceps skinfold thickness for Indian children aged 5 to17 years and cut offs for predicting risk of childhood hypertension:a multi-centric study[J].Indian Pediatr,2015,52(8):675-680.
[6]Kuhle S,Maguire B,At aN,et al.Percentilecurves for anthropometric measures for Canadian children and youth[J].PLoSOne,2015,10(7):e0132891.
[7]Zhang Y X,Zhao J S,Chu Z H.Percentiles and regional distribution of skinfold thickness among children and adolescents in Shandong,China[J].Am J Hum Biol,2015,27(3):417-420.
[8]Anand S S,Gupta M K,Schulze K M,et al.What accounts for ethnic differences in newborn skinfold thickness comparing South Asians and White Caucasians?Findings from the START and FAMILY Birth Cohorts[J].Int J Obes(Lond),2016,40(2):239-244.
[9]Bratke H,Bruserud I S,Brannsether B,et al.Timing of menarche in Norwegian girls:associations with body mass index,waist circumference and skinfold thickness[J].BMC Pediatr,2017,17(1):138-143.
[10]Henry C J,D/O Ponnalagu S,Bi X,et al.New equations to predict body fat in Asian-Chinese adults using age,height,skinfold thickness,and waist circumference[J].J Acad Nutr Diet,2018,118(7):1263-1269.
[11]李咏兰,陆舜华,郑连斌,等.山西汉族成人皮褶厚度特点[J].解剖学报,2012,43(2):268-272.
[12]游俊,李汉林.湖南少数民族史[M].北京:民族出版社,2001:71-74.
[13]张丽剑.散杂居背景下的族群认同:湖南桑植白族研究[M].北京:民族出版社,2009:27-35.
[14]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:32-38.
[15]马卫红,海向军,何烨,等.甘肃裕固族青少年皮褶厚度及体脂含量分析[J].解剖学杂志,2012,35(5):665-669.
[16]石慧娟,黄大元,吴国运,等.苗族青少年体成分分析[J].解剖学杂志,2012,35(4):497-500.
[17]黄拥军,李传健,苏成柏,等.广东瑶族中小学生皮褶厚度变化规律分析[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(11):1387-1388.
[18]宋刚,席焕久,李文慧,等.拉萨藏族儿童青少年皮下脂肪的分布特点[J].辽宁医学院学报,2013,34(5):9-12.
[19]窦义蓉,曹型厚,唐平.重庆市7~22岁学生皮褶厚度及其与生长发育的关系[J].中国学校卫生,2012,33(5):619-620.
[20]高刚.新疆维吾尔族青少年学生身体形态指标分析[J].新疆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,35(4):81-85.
[21]刘鹏,龚继春,邓琼英,等.仫佬族儿童青少年体格发育状况[J].中国学校卫生,2014,35(10):1544-1546,1550.
[22]李咏兰,郑连斌.城市汉族的瘦体质量和脂肪质量[J].人类学学报,2018,37(1):121-130.
[23]汤松林.儿童少年体脂重和瘦体重的调查[J].中国校医,1992,6(1):10-12.