汶川地震前后红河断裂闭锁程度和滑动亏损研究
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摘要
以1998～2007年和2009～2017年中国大陆水平GPS速度场为约束,基于块体-位错模型,研究2008年汶川地震前后红河断裂运动特征。结果表明,汶川地震后红河断裂平均右旋走滑速率约为4.5 mm/a,其北段走滑速率增大明显,中段次之,而南段明显减弱;倾滑速率北段减弱明显,中段和南段有所减弱。汶川地震后红河断裂闭锁程度和滑动亏损中、北段都有所增加,南段减弱较大;近期红河断裂滑动亏损北段达到10 mm/a以上,中段也在5～8 mm/a,平均闭锁深度在20 km左右。分析认为,汶川地震对红河断裂中、北段影响较小,南段影响较大。
This paper uses the horizontal GPS velocity field of the Chinese continent in 1998～2007 and 2009～2017 years as constraints. Based on the block-dislocation model, we study the movement characteristics of the Honghe fault before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that after the Wenchuan earthquake, the average right-lateral strike-slip rate of the Honghe fault is about 4.5 mm/a, and the strike-slip rate of the northern segment increases obviously, the strike-slip rate of the middle segment increases slightly, the strike-slip rate of the southern segment decreases obviously. The dip-slip rate on the northern segment of the Honghe fault decreases obviously, the middle and southern segments decrease slightly.After the Wenchuan earthquake, the locking and slip deficit on the northern segment of the Honghe fault increases slightly and the middle segment is the same, while the locking and slip deficit on the southern segment decreases significantly. Recently, the slip deficit on the northern segment of the Honghe fault is about 10 mm/a, the slip deficit on the middle segment is also 5～8 mm/a, and the average locking depth is about 20 km.The analysis suggests the impact of Wenchuan earthquake on the northern segment and the middle segment of the Honghe fault is relatively small, which has a great influence on its southern segment.
This paper uses the horizontal GPS velocity field of the Chinese continent in 1998～2007 and 2009～2017 years as constraints. Based on the block-dislocation model, we study the movement characteristics of the Honghe fault before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that after the Wenchuan earthquake, the average right-lateral strike-slip rate of the Honghe fault is about 4.5 mm/a, and the strike-slip rate of the northern segment increases obviously, the strike-slip rate of the middle segment increases slightly, the strike-slip rate of the southern segment decreases obviously. The dip-slip rate on the northern segment of the Honghe fault decreases obviously, the middle and southern segments decrease slightly.After the Wenchuan earthquake, the locking and slip deficit on the northern segment of the Honghe fault increases slightly and the middle segment is the same, while the locking and slip deficit on the southern segment decreases significantly. Recently, the slip deficit on the northern segment of the Honghe fault is about 10 mm/a, the slip deficit on the middle segment is also 5～8 mm/a, and the average locking depth is about 20 km.The analysis suggests the impact of Wenchuan earthquake on the northern segment and the middle segment of the Honghe fault is relatively small, which has a great influence on its southern segment.
引文
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[13] McCaffrey R.Plate Coupling,Block Rotation and Crustal Deformation in the Pacific Northwest[J].Molecular & Cellular Biology,2006 ,17(4):2 107-2 115
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[15] 张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(B04):12-20(Zhang Peizhen,Deng Qidong,Zhang Guomin,et al.Strong Earthquake Activity and Activity Land in Mainland China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2003,33(B04):12-20)
[16] 徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(B04):151-162(Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Zheng Rongzhang,et al.The Latest Tectonic Variation Patterns and Dynamic Sources of Active Blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan Region[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2003,33(B04):151-162)
[17] 程佳,刘杰,甘卫军,等.川滇菱形块体东边界各断层段强震演化特征研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011(9):1 311-1 326(Cheng Jia,Liu Jie,Gan Weijun,et al.The Study on the Characteristics of Strong Earthquake Evolution of Fault Segments in the East Boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan Diamond Block[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2011(9):1 311-1 326)
[18] 王伟,王琪.GPS观测约束下的中国大陆活动地块运动学模型[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(4):75-82(Wang Wei,Wang Qi.Kinematical Model of Crustal Blocks of China Continent Revealed by GPS Measurements[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28,28(4):75-82)
[19] 邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造与地震活动[J].地学前缘,2003,10(增l):66-73(Deng Qidong,Zhang Peizhen,Ran Yongkang,et al.China Active Tectonics and Seismic Activities[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(Sl):66-73)
[20] 虢顺民,计凤桔,向宏发,等.红河活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,2001(Guo Shunmin,Ji Fengju,Xiang Hongfa,et al.The Honghe Active Fault Zone[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2001)
[21] 赵静.块体模型与负位错模型分析川滇地区块体应变与断裂带变形特征[D].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2012(Zhao Jing.Analysis of Block Strain and Fault Zone Deformation Characteristics in Sichuan-Yunnan Region Using Block Deformation Model and Negative Dislocation Model[D].Beijing:Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,CEA,2012)
[2] 虢顺民,向宏发.红河断裂第四纪右旋走滑与尾端拉张转换关系研究[J].地震地质,1996,18(4):301-309(Guo Shunmin,Xiang Hongfa.A Study on the Relation between Quaternary Right-Lateral Slip and Tip Extension along the Honghe Fault[J].Seismology and Geology,1996,18(4):301-309)
[3] Loup P H,Harrison T M,Ryerson F J,et al.Structural Petrological and Thermal evolution of a Tertiary Ductile Strike-Slip Shear Zone,Diancangshan,Yunnan[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth,1993,98(84):6 715-6 743
[4] 陈文寄,Harrison T M,Leloup P H,等.多重扩散摸式与构造——热年代学研究[A]//国家地震局地质研究所.现今地球动力学研究及其应用[M].北京:地震出版社,1994(Chen Wenji,Harrison T M,Leloup P H,et al.Multiple Diffusion Mode and Structure a Thermochronology Study[C]//Institute of Geology of State Earthquake Administration.Earth Dynamics Research and Application[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1994)
[5] 丁国瑜.活动走滑断裂带的断错水系与地震[J].地震,1982(1):3-8(Ding Guoyu.Fault Water System and Earthquake in Active Strike-Slip Fault Zone[J].Earthquake,1982(1):3-8)
[6] 黄崐,阳世华,吴彬生,等.红河断裂中段的水平形变[J].地壳形变与地震,1983(1):12-22(Huang Kun,Yang Shihua,Wu Binsheng,et al.Horizontal Deformation of the Middle Section of Honghe Fault[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1983(1):12-22)
[7] 王启梁,曹新菊,马敏.红河断裂带的近代形变特征[J].地壳形变与地震 ,1989(1):1-12(Wang Qiliang,Cao Xinju,Ma Min.Modern Deformation Characteristics of the Honghe Fault Zone[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1989(1):1-12)
[8] 王琪.红河断裂的GPS监测与现代构造应力场[J].地壳形变与地震,1998,18(2):49-56(Wang Qi.GPS Monitoring and Modern Tectonic Stress Field of Honghe Fault[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1998,18(2):49-56)
[9] 李煜航,郝明,季灵运,等.青藏高原东缘中南部主要活动断裂滑动速率及其地震矩亏损[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(4):1 062-1 078(Li Yuhang,Hao Ming,Ji Lingyun,et al.Fault Slip Rate and Seismic Moment Deficit on Major Active Faults in Mid and South Part of the Eastern Margin of Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(4):1 062-1 078)
[10] 王阎昭,王恩宁,沈正康,等.基于GPS资料约束反演川滇地区主要断裂现今活动速率[J].中国科学:地球科学,2008,38(5):582-597(WangYanzhao,Wang Enning,Shen Zhengkang,et al.The Inversion of Current Activity Rates of Major Faults in Sichuan-Yunnan Region Based on GPS Data Constraints[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2008,38(5):582-597)
[11] Shen Z K,Lü J,Wang M,et al.Contemporary Crustal Deformation around the Southeast Borderland of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2005,110(B11)
[12] 赵静,武艳强,江在森,等.芦山地震前龙门山断裂带闭锁程度与变形动态特征研究[J].地震学报,2013,35(5):681-691(Zhao Jing,Wu Yanqiang,Jiang Zaisen,et al.Fault Locking and Dynamic Deformation of the Longmenshan Fault Zone before the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 Earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2013,35(5):681-691)
[13] McCaffrey R.Plate Coupling,Block Rotation and Crustal Deformation in the Pacific Northwest[J].Molecular & Cellular Biology,2006 ,17(4):2 107-2 115
[14] 赵静,江在森,武艳强,等.汶川地震前龙门山断裂带闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布研究[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2 963-2 972(Zhao Jing,Jiang Zaisen,Wu Yanqiang,et al.Study on Locking and Slip Deficit Distribution of Longmenshan Fault Zone before Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):2963-2972)
[15] 张培震,邓起东,张国民,等.中国大陆的强震活动与活动地块[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(B04):12-20(Zhang Peizhen,Deng Qidong,Zhang Guomin,et al.Strong Earthquake Activity and Activity Land in Mainland China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2003,33(B04):12-20)
[16] 徐锡伟,闻学泽,郑荣章,等.川滇地区活动块体最新构造变动样式及其动力来源[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(B04):151-162(Xu Xiwei,Wen Xueze,Zheng Rongzhang,et al.The Latest Tectonic Variation Patterns and Dynamic Sources of Active Blocks in Sichuan-Yunnan Region[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2003,33(B04):151-162)
[17] 程佳,刘杰,甘卫军,等.川滇菱形块体东边界各断层段强震演化特征研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011(9):1 311-1 326(Cheng Jia,Liu Jie,Gan Weijun,et al.The Study on the Characteristics of Strong Earthquake Evolution of Fault Segments in the East Boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan Diamond Block[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2011(9):1 311-1 326)
[18] 王伟,王琪.GPS观测约束下的中国大陆活动地块运动学模型[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(4):75-82(Wang Wei,Wang Qi.Kinematical Model of Crustal Blocks of China Continent Revealed by GPS Measurements[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,28,28(4):75-82)
[19] 邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动构造与地震活动[J].地学前缘,2003,10(增l):66-73(Deng Qidong,Zhang Peizhen,Ran Yongkang,et al.China Active Tectonics and Seismic Activities[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2003,10(Sl):66-73)
[20] 虢顺民,计凤桔,向宏发,等.红河活动断裂带[M].北京:地震出版社,2001(Guo Shunmin,Ji Fengju,Xiang Hongfa,et al.The Honghe Active Fault Zone[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,2001)
[21] 赵静.块体模型与负位错模型分析川滇地区块体应变与断裂带变形特征[D].北京:中国地震局地震预测研究所,2012(Zhao Jing.Analysis of Block Strain and Fault Zone Deformation Characteristics in Sichuan-Yunnan Region Using Block Deformation Model and Negative Dislocation Model[D].Beijing:Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,CEA,2012)