天目山隧道通风与施工环境有害气体组分实时监测研究
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摘要
钻爆法隧道施工期间会产生大量的有害气体,因此通风与卫生防护非常重要。文章以杭州—黄山高铁天目山隧道为例,通过对爆破后环境空气质量进行实时监测,对比通风前后有害气体浓度变化,分析有害气体组分时空分布规律,评价通风效果。研究结果表明:爆破后按稀释内燃机械排放废气所需风量(2 688 m~3/min)通风15min后,隧道内环境空气质量达标,各作业班次有害气体组分均不超标,通风效果良好。
Lots of harmful gas release during tunnel construction by D&B method,and the ventilation and health protection during the tunnelling process is of great significance.Taking the Tianmu Mountain tunnel on the Hangzhou-Huangshan high-speed railway as the background,real-time monitoring of air quality after blasting was conducted and concentration variations of harmful gas before and after ventilation were compared to analyze the timespatial distribution law of the components of harmful gas and evaluate the ventilation effect.The results show that the air quality meets the standards after ventilation for 15 min with a volume of 2 688required by dilution of exhaust gas emitted by internal-combustion engines,and the harmful gases do not exceed the standards for all the working shifts,which proves good ventilation effect.The results provide significant guidance for the environmental air quality control and health protection during tunnelling.
Lots of harmful gas release during tunnel construction by D&B method,and the ventilation and health protection during the tunnelling process is of great significance.Taking the Tianmu Mountain tunnel on the Hangzhou-Huangshan high-speed railway as the background,real-time monitoring of air quality after blasting was conducted and concentration variations of harmful gas before and after ventilation were compared to analyze the timespatial distribution law of the components of harmful gas and evaluate the ventilation effect.The results show that the air quality meets the standards after ventilation for 15 min with a volume of 2 688required by dilution of exhaust gas emitted by internal-combustion engines,and the harmful gases do not exceed the standards for all the working shifts,which proves good ventilation effect.The results provide significant guidance for the environmental air quality control and health protection during tunnelling.
引文
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[2] VASOVIC D, KOSTIC S, RAVILIC M, et al. Environmental Impact of Blasting at Drenovac Limestone Quarry(Serbia)[J]. Environ?mental Earth Science, 2014, 72(10):3915-3928.
[3]袁勇.歌乐山隧道施工与环境保护[J].现代隧道技术, 2004, 41(1):68-72.YUANYong.ConstructionandEnvironmentalProtectionofGeleshanTunnel[J].ModernTunnellingTechnology, 2004,41(1):68-72.
[4]肖元平,胡延辉.隧道施工中的环境保护[J].隧道建设,2007,27(1):73-75.XIAO Yuanping, HU Yanhui. Environment Protection in Railway Tunnel Construction[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2007,27(1):73-75.
[5]曹杨,纪洪广,由爽,等.炮烟中毒事故致因机理研究及预防技术[J].工业安全与环保, 2015, 41(6):73-75.CAO Yang, JI Hongguang, YOU Shuang, et al. Research on Mechanism of Blasting Fume Poisoning and Prevention Technology[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2015, 41(6):73-75.
[6] JAFAR ABDOLLAHISHARIF, EZZEDDIN BAKHTAVAR, HADI NOURIZADEH. Green Biocompatible Approach to Reduce theToxic Gases and Dust Caused by the Blasting in Surface Mining[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016, 75:191-203.
[7]刘宁武,朱慧武,梅国栋,等.炮烟中毒窒息事故机理和预防措施研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分), 2012, 64(3):1-6.LIU Ningwu, ZHU Huiwu, MEI Guodong, et al. Research on Accidents Mechanism and Prevention Measures towards Poisoning andAsphyxiation of Explosion Smoke[J]. Nonferrous Metals(Mining Section), 2012, 64(3):1-6.
[8]吴娜,王涤新.硫化氢中毒机制及治疗研究进展[J].中国工业医学,2010, 23(6):434-436.WU Na, WANG Dixin. Research Progress on Mechanism and Treatment of Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning[J]. Chinese Journal of Indus?trial Medicine, 2010, 23(6):434-436.
[9]陈选生.长大瓦斯隧道施工通风参数与设备选型[J].铁道建筑, 2016,(6):51-54.CHEN Xuansheng. Parameters and Equipment-type Selection for Construction Ventilation in Long and Large-Cross-Section GasTunnel[J]. Railway Engineering, 2016,(6):51-54.
[10]叶勇军,江俊廷,丁德鑫,等.独头巷道爆破后氡及炮烟的运移规律[J].中国安全科学学报, 2015, 25(5):131-137.YE Yongjun, JIANG Junting, DING Dexin, et al. Transport of Radon and Blasting-fume in Blind Roadway with Exhaust Ventila?tion after Blasting[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2015, 25(5):131-137.
[11]龚剑,胡乃联,林荣汉,等.掘进巷道压入式通风粉尘运移规律数值模拟[J].有色金属(矿山部分), 2015,67(1):65-68.GONG Jian, HU Nailian, LIN Ronghan, et al. Numerical Simulation on Dust Migration Law in Excavation Roadway with ForcedVentilation[J]. Nonferrous Metals(Mining Section), 2015, 67(1):65-68.
[12] HARRISML,MAINIERORJ.MonitoringandRemovalofCOinBlastingOperations[J].SafetyScience, 2008,46(10):1393-1405.
[13]陈建平,方晓睿,张旺兴,等.大坪山特长隧道巷道式通风应用评价[J].铁道建筑,2013,(4):65-67.CHEN Jianping, FANG Xiaorui, ZHANG Wangxing, et al. Evaluation on the Tunnel Type Ventilation of the Extra-long Daping?shan Tunnel[J]. Railway Engineering, 2013,(4):65-67.
[14]孙忠强,方宝君.大断面公路隧道施工风流分布规律研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术, 2016, 12(2):154-158.SUN Zhongqiang, FANG Baojun. Study on Airflow Distribution Regularities in Construction of Large section Highway Tunnel[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2016, 12(2):154-158.
[15]李雨成,刘天奇,李智,等.爆破掘进空间内粉尘非稳态运移规律研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术, 2014, 10(6):33-38.LI Yucheng, LIU Tianqi, LI Zhi, et al. Research on Unsteady Migration Law of Dust in Blasting Tunneling Space[J]. Journal of Safe?ty Science and Technology, 2014, 10(6):33-38.
[16] WANG F, WANG M, WANG Q. Numerical Study of Effects of Deflected Angles of Jet Fans on the Normal Ventilation in a CurvedTunnel[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2012, 31:80-85.
[17] VEGA M G, ARGüELLES DíAZ K M, FERNáNDEZ ORO J M, et al. Numerical 3D Simulation of a Longitudinal Ventilation Sys?tem:Memorial Tunnel Case[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2008, 23(5):539-551.
[18]谭信荣,陈寿根,周泽林.钻爆法施工隧道空气质量现场测试[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2016, 12(2):567-573.TAN Xinrong, CHEN Shougen, ZHOU Zelin. Air Quality Field Testing in Tunnel Construction with the Drilling and Blasting Method[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2016, 12(2):567-573.
[19]中华人民共和国卫生部.工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素:GBZ2.1-2007[S].北京:人民卫生出版社, 2007.Ministry of Health of the People′s Republic of China. Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Agents in the Workplace, Part1:Chemical Hazardous Agents:GBZ2.1-2007[S]. Beijing:People′s Medical Publishing House, 2007.
[20]中国铁路总公司.高速铁路隧道工程施工技术规程:Q/CR 9604-2015[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2015.China Railway Corporation. Technical Specification for Construction of High Speed Railway Tunnel Engineering:Q/CR 9604-2015[S]. Beijing:China Railway Publishing House, 2015.