我国森林保险市场发展现状及制约因素与对策研究综述
|
摘要
森林保险在森林资源保护、林业生产和保障林农收入方面能够发挥重要作用。现有研究认为,我国森林保险市场起步较晚,依然存在法律法规缺失、费率厘定粗略、保险险种单一等诸多问题。通过进一步梳理文献,文中从法律法规、保险设计、参与意愿、保险费率、再保险制度等方面总结我国森林保险发展的制约因素,分别从供给方、需求方和政府的角度归纳了对应的政策建议。未来研究可以借鉴国外发达国家经验进行框架设计和制度规范,定量与定性相结合设计有差异的保险费率和保险产品,从将林业碳汇纳入碳排放交易体系角度思考林业碳汇保险实施的可行性和重要性。
Forest insurance can play an important role in forest resource conservation, forestry production, and forestry income growing.The existing literature argues that forest insurance market in China started late, facing many problems such as lack of laws and regulations, rough determination of premium rate, and narrow choice of insurance products.Through further literature review, we summarize the constraints faced by China's forest insurance development from the aspects of laws and regulations, insurance product design, willingness to participate, insurance premium rates, and reinsurance systems.The corresponding policy recommendations are summarized from the perspectives of supply, demand and government.Future research can draw on the experiences of foreign developed countries for framework design and institutional norms.Quantitative and qualitative analysis can be combined to design differential insurance premium rates and insurance products.The feasibility and importance of implementing forestry carbon sink insurance are needed to be considered from the perspective of incorporating forestry carbon sinks into China's carbon emission trading system.
Forest insurance can play an important role in forest resource conservation, forestry production, and forestry income growing.The existing literature argues that forest insurance market in China started late, facing many problems such as lack of laws and regulations, rough determination of premium rate, and narrow choice of insurance products.Through further literature review, we summarize the constraints faced by China's forest insurance development from the aspects of laws and regulations, insurance product design, willingness to participate, insurance premium rates, and reinsurance systems.The corresponding policy recommendations are summarized from the perspectives of supply, demand and government.Future research can draw on the experiences of foreign developed countries for framework design and institutional norms.Quantitative and qualitative analysis can be combined to design differential insurance premium rates and insurance products.The feasibility and importance of implementing forestry carbon sink insurance are needed to be considered from the perspective of incorporating forestry carbon sinks into China's carbon emission trading system.
引文
[1]周长春,张恩广.基于现代人口资源环境关系的林业公共产品概念探讨[J].林业经济问题,2012,32(2):122-125.
[2]孔繁文,刘东生.关于森林保险的若干问题[J].林业经济,1985(4):28-32.
[3]李祖贻.关于森林保险问题的探讨[J].林业经济问题,1989(4):20-23.
[4]谢屹,温亚利,陈鹏,等.基于森林经营视角的森林保险制度问题与成因探[J].世界林业研究,2011,24(5):66-70.
[5]陈绍志,赵荣.发达国家森林保险发展经验[J].世界农业,2013(8):6-12.
[6]田芸.林业保险浅析[J].林业经济问题,1996(2):51-55.
[7]李艳,陈盛伟.我国政策性森林保险运行效果分析与思考[J].中国林业经济,2018(2):8-12.
[8]秦涛,田治威,潘焕学.我国森林保险保费补贴政策执行效果、存在的主要问题与建议[J].经济纵横,2017(1):105-110.
[9]李丹,曹玉昆.国外森林保险发展现状及启示[J].世界林业研究,2008,21(2):6-10.
[10]张博,贺艳.国内外森林保险法律保护的差距及建议[J].学术交流,2013(11):56-59.
[11]吴希熙,刘颖.森林保险市场供求失衡的经济学分析[J].林业经济问题,2008,28(5):440-443.
[12]高播,张英,赵荣,等.政策性森林保险制度设计创新研究[J].林业经济,2016(2):27-32.
[13]张长达,高岚.我国林业保险发展及制度探索[J].宏观经济管理,2011(10):50-51.
[14]唐金成,马艳红,蓟红丹.广西发展政策性森林保险的必要性与可行性探讨[J].经济研究参考,2015(29):93-96.
[15]秦涛,田治威,刘婉琳,等.农户森林保险需求的影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2013(7):36-46.
[16]DAI Y W,CHANG H H,LIU W P.Do forest producers benefit from the forest disaster insurance program?: empirical evidence in Fujian Province of China[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2015,50:127-133.
[17]卢熙明,赵宸浩,林洁,等.基于Logistic模型的农户森林保险需求意愿影响因素分析:对福建省210户森林培育专业户的调查[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(3):267-272.
[18]冯祥锦,黄和亮,杨建州,等.森林保险支付意愿实证分析:基于福建省森林培育企业的调查[J].林业经济,2013(9):74-77.
[19]SAUTER P A,HERMANN D,MUSSHODD O.Are foresters really risk-averse?: a multi-method analysis and a cross-occupational comparison[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2018,95:37-45.
[20]BRUNETTE M,COUTURE S,PANNEQUIN F.Is forest insurance a relevant vector to induce adaptation efforts to climate change?[J].Annals of Forest Science,2017,74(2):41.
[21]BRUNETTE M,FONCEL J,KERE E N.Attitude towards risk and pr-oduction decision: an empirical analysis on French private forest owners[J].Environmental Modeling & Assessment,2017,22(6):563-576.
[22]ERIKSSON L.Explaining gender differences in private forest risk management[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2018,33(7):716-723.
[23]ERIKSSON L.Risk perception and responses among private forest owners in Sweden[J].Small-scale Forestry,2014,13(4):483-500.
[24]ANDERSSON M.Assessing non-industrial private forest owners’ att-itudes to risk: do owner and property characteristics matter?[J].Journal of Forest Economics,2012,18(1):3-13.
[25]马立根,刘芳.农户购买森林保险意愿影响因素分析[J].林业经济,2014(10):44-49.
[26]QIN T,GU X S,TIAN Z W,et al.An empirical analysis of the factors influencing farmer demand for forest insurance: based on surveys from Lin’an County in Zhejiang Province of China[J].Journal of Forest Economics,2016,24:37-51.
[27]邓三龙.关于政策性森林保险的几点思考[J].林业经济,2010(9):3-5.
[28]周式飞,黄和亮,雷娜.森林保险成本和价格与供求失衡分析[J].林业经济问题,2010,30(2): 161-164.
[29]行怀勇,鹿永华.山东省发展政策性森林保险问题及对策[J].林业经济,2015(11):110-113.
[30]秦涛,吴今,邓晶,等.我国森林保险保费构成机制与财政补贴方式选择[J].东南学术,2016(4):101-110.
[31]MA N,ZUO Y,LIU K,et al.Forest insurance market participants’ game behavior in China: an analysis based on tripartite dynamic game model[J].Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,2015,8(5):1533-1546.
[32]秦涛,邓玉娇.江西省森林保险保费补贴政策实施效果评价[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(3):417-419.
[33]曹斯蔚.林业供给侧改革视角下郴州市森林保险发展对策研究[J].林业经济,2017(4):87-92.
[34]DENG Y L,MUNN I A,COBLE K,et al.Willingness to pay for potential standing timber insurance[J].Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,2015,47(4):510-538.
[35]LOU W P,SUN S L.Design of agricultural insurance policy for tea tree freezing damage in Zhejiang Province, China[J].Theorectical and Applied Climatology,2013,111(3/4):713-728.
[36]王珺,冷慧卿.基于公顷网格尺度的森林火灾风险区划与保险定价研究[J].管理世界,2014(9):42-47.
[37]HOLECY J,HANEWINKEL M.A forest management risk insurance model and its application to coniferous stands in southwest Germany[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2006,8(2):161-174.
[38]PINHEIRO A,RIBEIRO N.Forest property insurance: an application to mediterranean woodlands[J].Economics Working Papers,2011,5(3):284-295.
[39]BRUNETTE M,HOLECY J,SEDLIAK M,et al.An actuarial model of forest insurance against multiple natural hazards in fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in Slovakia[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2015,55:46-57.
[40]CHEN X,GOODWIN B K,PRESTEMON J P.Is timber insurable?: a study of wildfire risks in the U.S. forest sector using Spatio-Temporal models[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2014,96(1):213-231.
[41]SAUTER P A,M?LLMANN T B,ANASTASSIADIS F,et al.To insure or not to insure?: analysis of foresters’ willingness-to-pay for fire and storm insurance[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2016,73:78-89.
[42]ZHANG D W,STENGER A.Timber insurance: perspectives from a legal case and a preliminary review of practices throughout the world[J].New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science,2014,44:S9.
[43]LIESIVAARRA P,MYYR? S.The demand for public-private crop insurance and government disaster relief[J].Journal of Policy Modeling,2017,39(1):19-34.
[44]QIN T,DENG J,PAN H X,et al.The effect of coverage level and premium subsidy on farmers’ participation in forest insurance: an empirical analysis of forest owners in Hunan Province of China[J].Journal of Sustainable Forestry,2016,35(3):191-204.
[45]PARASCHIV D S.Insurance against losses from natural disasters[J].Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice,2011,3(2):224–229.
[46]BARREAL J,LOUREIRO M L,PICOS J.On insurance as a tool for securing forest restoration after wildfires[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2014,42(5):15-23.
[47]RODRIGUEZ-BACA G,RAULIER F,LEDUC A.Rating a wildfire mitigation strategy with an insurance premium: a boreal forest case study[J].Forests,2016,7(5):107-121.
[48]高岚,张长达,于江龙.我国森林保险研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(4):61-64.
[49]KESKITALO E C H.How can forest management adapt to climate change?: possibilities in different forestry systems[J].Forests,2011,2(1):415-430.
[2]孔繁文,刘东生.关于森林保险的若干问题[J].林业经济,1985(4):28-32.
[3]李祖贻.关于森林保险问题的探讨[J].林业经济问题,1989(4):20-23.
[4]谢屹,温亚利,陈鹏,等.基于森林经营视角的森林保险制度问题与成因探[J].世界林业研究,2011,24(5):66-70.
[5]陈绍志,赵荣.发达国家森林保险发展经验[J].世界农业,2013(8):6-12.
[6]田芸.林业保险浅析[J].林业经济问题,1996(2):51-55.
[7]李艳,陈盛伟.我国政策性森林保险运行效果分析与思考[J].中国林业经济,2018(2):8-12.
[8]秦涛,田治威,潘焕学.我国森林保险保费补贴政策执行效果、存在的主要问题与建议[J].经济纵横,2017(1):105-110.
[9]李丹,曹玉昆.国外森林保险发展现状及启示[J].世界林业研究,2008,21(2):6-10.
[10]张博,贺艳.国内外森林保险法律保护的差距及建议[J].学术交流,2013(11):56-59.
[11]吴希熙,刘颖.森林保险市场供求失衡的经济学分析[J].林业经济问题,2008,28(5):440-443.
[12]高播,张英,赵荣,等.政策性森林保险制度设计创新研究[J].林业经济,2016(2):27-32.
[13]张长达,高岚.我国林业保险发展及制度探索[J].宏观经济管理,2011(10):50-51.
[14]唐金成,马艳红,蓟红丹.广西发展政策性森林保险的必要性与可行性探讨[J].经济研究参考,2015(29):93-96.
[15]秦涛,田治威,刘婉琳,等.农户森林保险需求的影响因素分析[J].中国农村经济,2013(7):36-46.
[16]DAI Y W,CHANG H H,LIU W P.Do forest producers benefit from the forest disaster insurance program?: empirical evidence in Fujian Province of China[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2015,50:127-133.
[17]卢熙明,赵宸浩,林洁,等.基于Logistic模型的农户森林保险需求意愿影响因素分析:对福建省210户森林培育专业户的调查[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(3):267-272.
[18]冯祥锦,黄和亮,杨建州,等.森林保险支付意愿实证分析:基于福建省森林培育企业的调查[J].林业经济,2013(9):74-77.
[19]SAUTER P A,HERMANN D,MUSSHODD O.Are foresters really risk-averse?: a multi-method analysis and a cross-occupational comparison[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2018,95:37-45.
[20]BRUNETTE M,COUTURE S,PANNEQUIN F.Is forest insurance a relevant vector to induce adaptation efforts to climate change?[J].Annals of Forest Science,2017,74(2):41.
[21]BRUNETTE M,FONCEL J,KERE E N.Attitude towards risk and pr-oduction decision: an empirical analysis on French private forest owners[J].Environmental Modeling & Assessment,2017,22(6):563-576.
[22]ERIKSSON L.Explaining gender differences in private forest risk management[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2018,33(7):716-723.
[23]ERIKSSON L.Risk perception and responses among private forest owners in Sweden[J].Small-scale Forestry,2014,13(4):483-500.
[24]ANDERSSON M.Assessing non-industrial private forest owners’ att-itudes to risk: do owner and property characteristics matter?[J].Journal of Forest Economics,2012,18(1):3-13.
[25]马立根,刘芳.农户购买森林保险意愿影响因素分析[J].林业经济,2014(10):44-49.
[26]QIN T,GU X S,TIAN Z W,et al.An empirical analysis of the factors influencing farmer demand for forest insurance: based on surveys from Lin’an County in Zhejiang Province of China[J].Journal of Forest Economics,2016,24:37-51.
[27]邓三龙.关于政策性森林保险的几点思考[J].林业经济,2010(9):3-5.
[28]周式飞,黄和亮,雷娜.森林保险成本和价格与供求失衡分析[J].林业经济问题,2010,30(2): 161-164.
[29]行怀勇,鹿永华.山东省发展政策性森林保险问题及对策[J].林业经济,2015(11):110-113.
[30]秦涛,吴今,邓晶,等.我国森林保险保费构成机制与财政补贴方式选择[J].东南学术,2016(4):101-110.
[31]MA N,ZUO Y,LIU K,et al.Forest insurance market participants’ game behavior in China: an analysis based on tripartite dynamic game model[J].Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,2015,8(5):1533-1546.
[32]秦涛,邓玉娇.江西省森林保险保费补贴政策实施效果评价[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(3):417-419.
[33]曹斯蔚.林业供给侧改革视角下郴州市森林保险发展对策研究[J].林业经济,2017(4):87-92.
[34]DENG Y L,MUNN I A,COBLE K,et al.Willingness to pay for potential standing timber insurance[J].Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,2015,47(4):510-538.
[35]LOU W P,SUN S L.Design of agricultural insurance policy for tea tree freezing damage in Zhejiang Province, China[J].Theorectical and Applied Climatology,2013,111(3/4):713-728.
[36]王珺,冷慧卿.基于公顷网格尺度的森林火灾风险区划与保险定价研究[J].管理世界,2014(9):42-47.
[37]HOLECY J,HANEWINKEL M.A forest management risk insurance model and its application to coniferous stands in southwest Germany[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2006,8(2):161-174.
[38]PINHEIRO A,RIBEIRO N.Forest property insurance: an application to mediterranean woodlands[J].Economics Working Papers,2011,5(3):284-295.
[39]BRUNETTE M,HOLECY J,SEDLIAK M,et al.An actuarial model of forest insurance against multiple natural hazards in fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands in Slovakia[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2015,55:46-57.
[40]CHEN X,GOODWIN B K,PRESTEMON J P.Is timber insurable?: a study of wildfire risks in the U.S. forest sector using Spatio-Temporal models[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2014,96(1):213-231.
[41]SAUTER P A,M?LLMANN T B,ANASTASSIADIS F,et al.To insure or not to insure?: analysis of foresters’ willingness-to-pay for fire and storm insurance[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2016,73:78-89.
[42]ZHANG D W,STENGER A.Timber insurance: perspectives from a legal case and a preliminary review of practices throughout the world[J].New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science,2014,44:S9.
[43]LIESIVAARRA P,MYYR? S.The demand for public-private crop insurance and government disaster relief[J].Journal of Policy Modeling,2017,39(1):19-34.
[44]QIN T,DENG J,PAN H X,et al.The effect of coverage level and premium subsidy on farmers’ participation in forest insurance: an empirical analysis of forest owners in Hunan Province of China[J].Journal of Sustainable Forestry,2016,35(3):191-204.
[45]PARASCHIV D S.Insurance against losses from natural disasters[J].Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice,2011,3(2):224–229.
[46]BARREAL J,LOUREIRO M L,PICOS J.On insurance as a tool for securing forest restoration after wildfires[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2014,42(5):15-23.
[47]RODRIGUEZ-BACA G,RAULIER F,LEDUC A.Rating a wildfire mitigation strategy with an insurance premium: a boreal forest case study[J].Forests,2016,7(5):107-121.
[48]高岚,张长达,于江龙.我国森林保险研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(4):61-64.
[49]KESKITALO E C H.How can forest management adapt to climate change?: possibilities in different forestry systems[J].Forests,2011,2(1):415-430.