天津港主航道连续观测点潮流和余流特征分析
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摘要
基于天津港主航道连续观测点31d的实测海流资料,利用调和分析对主航道潮流和余流特征进行研究,同时结合同步风速资料研究风对表层余流的影响。结果表明:(1)航道附近属于弱流海区,表层平均流速为31.4cm/s,流速总体上由表至底逐渐减小,流速方向大致集中在NW—SE向。(2)观测海域潮流以正规半日往复潮占主导,优势分潮为M_2,浅水分潮较为显著,涨潮流流速大于落潮流流速。(3)观测期间表层平均余流流速为2.8～13.8cm/s,随着深度增加余流流速逐渐减小,方向大多为NW向。该站表层余流受风的影响显著,东南风将使余流方向偏向西北。
The characteristics of the tidal and residual currents were investigated via the harmonic analysis based on the 31-day duration current observations at S station near the main channel of Tianjin Port.Effects of the local wind on the surface residual currents were explored in combination with the simultaneous wind velocities data.It is found that:(1)Tianjin Port belongs to the weak-current sea area,and the average velocity of the surface currents is about 31.4 cm/s.The current velocity generally decreases from the top to the bottom,and the main current direction is along the northwest-southeast.(2)The sea area is dominated by the regular semidiurnal tidal currents with a significant to-and-fro movement.The dominant tide component is M_2,and the shallow water tide is also remarkable over there.The flood currents velocities are larger than the ebb currents.(3)The average residual currents during the observation period are between 2.8 cm/s and 13.8 cm/s.The current velocity decreases as the depth increases,and the main current direction is along the northwest.The residual currents in the surface layer of the station are dramatically affected by the local wind,and the southeast wind shifts the residual currents to northwest.
The characteristics of the tidal and residual currents were investigated via the harmonic analysis based on the 31-day duration current observations at S station near the main channel of Tianjin Port.Effects of the local wind on the surface residual currents were explored in combination with the simultaneous wind velocities data.It is found that:(1)Tianjin Port belongs to the weak-current sea area,and the average velocity of the surface currents is about 31.4 cm/s.The current velocity generally decreases from the top to the bottom,and the main current direction is along the northwest-southeast.(2)The sea area is dominated by the regular semidiurnal tidal currents with a significant to-and-fro movement.The dominant tide component is M_2,and the shallow water tide is also remarkable over there.The flood currents velocities are larger than the ebb currents.(3)The average residual currents during the observation period are between 2.8 cm/s and 13.8 cm/s.The current velocity decreases as the depth increases,and the main current direction is along the northwest.The residual currents in the surface layer of the station are dramatically affected by the local wind,and the southeast wind shifts the residual currents to northwest.
引文
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[14]PAWLOWICZ R,BEARDSLEY B,LENTZ S.Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T-TIDE[J].Computers and Geosciences,2002,28(8):929-937.
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[16]YANG Wan-kang,YUAN Di,ZHANG Jun-biao,et al.Characteristics of surface tidal and residual current around the Damen and Xiaomen islands[J].Marine Science,2014,38(7):76-81.杨万康,袁笛,张俊彪,等.大小门岛海域表层潮流和余流特征分析[J].海洋科学,2014,38(7):76-81.
[17]YE Yu-yin,PAN Wei-ran,ZHANG Guo-rong,et al.Statisticalcharacteristics of wave observation in Dongshan Bay,Fujian province[J].Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science Edition,2007,46(3):386-389.叶雨颖,潘伟然,张国荣,等.福建东山湾海浪现场观测的统计特征[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2007,46(3):386-389.
[18]FENG Shi-zuo.Introduction to environmental dynamics of Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:26-43.冯士筰.渤海环境动力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:26-43.
[19]DONG Nian-hu,WANG Guang-yue.Analysis of residual flow characteristics of the Yellow River estuary in Bohai Bay[J].The Yellow and Bohai Seas,1997,15(1):64-69.董年虎,王广月.渤海湾黄河入海口区余流特性分析[J].黄渤海海洋,1997,15(1):64-69.
[2]SUN Hong-liang,HUANG Wei-min,ZHAO Jun-sheng.Three dimensional numerical simulation of tide induced,wind-driven and thermohaline residual currents in the Beibu Bay[J].Oceanologia et limnologia Sinica,2001,32(5):561-568.孙洪亮,黄卫民,赵俊生.北部湾潮致、风生和热盐余流的三维数值计算[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(5):561-568.
[3]XU Hui-fen,JIANG Bo,ZHAO Shi-ming,et al.Analysis of hydrological environment of Tianjin coast[J].Ocean Technology,2011,30(2):63-68.徐辉奋,姜波,赵世明,等.天津近岸海域水文环境分析[J].海洋技术,2011,30(2):63-68.
[4]SONG Hong-lin,KUANG Cui-ping,XIE Hai-lan.Simulation and analysis of the current features of Tianjin Harbor[C]//"Water Dynamics Research and Progress"Editorial Committee,the Chinese Society of Mechanics,Chinese Society of Naval Architecture,et al.The 27th session of the national seminar on hydrodynamics corpus:Volume II.2015:6.宋竑霖,匡翠萍,谢海澜.天津港海域潮流特征模拟与分析[C]//《水动力学研究与进展》编委会,中国力学学会,中国造船工程学会,等.第二十七届全国水动力学研讨会文集:下册.2015:6.
[5]LIU Jia-xing,LIU Chang-gen.Numerical simulation of the impact of reclamation project on the 3Dtidal current field near Tianjin port[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,39(4):79-85.刘嘉星,刘长根.围海造地对天津港附近海域三维潮流场影响的数值模拟研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2017,39(4):79-85.
[6]ZOU Tao,ZHANG Li-bin,ZHANG Hua,et al.Hydrodynamic characteristics in the artificial reefing construction area in Laizhou Bay:Based on a continuous long-team observation[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2018,49(2):280-289.邹涛,张立斌,张华,等.基于长期定点观测资料的莱州湾人工鱼礁建设区局地水动力特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2018,49(2):280-289.
[7]CHI Wan-qing,LIU Yan-lin,LIU Jian-qiang,et al.Study on the mathematical model of Laizhou Bay water exchange law under different wind directions[J].Advances in Marine Science,2018,36(3):384-393.迟万清,刘艳玲,刘建强,等.不同风向作用下莱州湾水交换规律数模研究[J].海洋科学进展,2018,36(3):384-393.
[8]SUN Jian-an,LIU Guang-liang,LUO Chong-xin,et al.A numerical study on the water age of the Dagu river and its response to run off change in Jiaozhou Bay[J].Journal of Ocean University of China:Natural Science Edition,2018,48(9):6-14.孙健安,刘光亮,罗崇鑫,等.胶州湾大沽河水龄及其对径流变化响应的数值研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2018,48(9):6-14.
[9]XU Xiao.Cape type shoreline tidal current and sediment characteristics and marine engineering problems[J].Channel Port,2017,38(5):440-446.徐啸.岬角型岸线潮流泥沙特点及海洋工程问题[J].水道港口,2017,38(5):440-446.
[10]ZHANG Shi-hong,ZHUO Yu-sheng.Analysis of tide and current characteristics before and after building port off the coast of Jingtang Port area of Tangshan Port[J].China Harbour Engineering,2011,31(4):27-30.章始红,卓玉生.唐山港京唐港区沿岸建港前后潮汐、海流特性分析[J].中国港湾建设,2011,31(4):27-30.
[11]XU Xiao,SHE Xiao-jian,CUI Zheng,et al.Tidal current physical model test in the Xiamen Songyu Port area[J].Port&Waterway Engineering,2017,42(9):76-82.徐啸,佘小建,崔峥,等.厦门港嵩屿港区潮流特性物理模型试验[J].水运工程,2017,42(9):76-82.
[12]WANG Ping,CHEN Wei-bin,ZOU Wen-feng,et al.Numerical study of the tidal residual current structure and the water half exchange time in Xiangshangang Bay[J].Marine Environmental Science,2018,37(1):107-115.王平,陈伟斌,邹文峰,等.象山港潮余流结构及水体半交换时间数值研究[J].海洋环境科学,2018,37(1):107-115.
[13]SONG De-hai,BAO Xiao-wen,ZHANG Shao-feng,et al.Three dimensional numerical simulation of tides and tidal currents in the Lianzhou Bay and adjacent areas on the basis of FVCOM[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2012,31(2):136-145.宋德海,鲍献文,张少峰,等.基于FVCOM的廉州湾及周边海域三维潮汐潮流数值模拟[J].海洋通报,2012,31(2):136-145.
[14]PAWLOWICZ R,BEARDSLEY B,LENTZ S.Classical tidal harmonic analysis including error estimates in MATLAB using T-TIDE[J].Computers and Geosciences,2002,28(8):929-937.
[15]CHEN Zong-yong.Tidology[M].Beijing:Science Press,1980:34-45.陈宗镛.潮汐学[M].北京:科学出版社,1980:34-45.
[16]YANG Wan-kang,YUAN Di,ZHANG Jun-biao,et al.Characteristics of surface tidal and residual current around the Damen and Xiaomen islands[J].Marine Science,2014,38(7):76-81.杨万康,袁笛,张俊彪,等.大小门岛海域表层潮流和余流特征分析[J].海洋科学,2014,38(7):76-81.
[17]YE Yu-yin,PAN Wei-ran,ZHANG Guo-rong,et al.Statisticalcharacteristics of wave observation in Dongshan Bay,Fujian province[J].Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science Edition,2007,46(3):386-389.叶雨颖,潘伟然,张国荣,等.福建东山湾海浪现场观测的统计特征[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2007,46(3):386-389.
[18]FENG Shi-zuo.Introduction to environmental dynamics of Bohai Sea[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:26-43.冯士筰.渤海环境动力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:26-43.
[19]DONG Nian-hu,WANG Guang-yue.Analysis of residual flow characteristics of the Yellow River estuary in Bohai Bay[J].The Yellow and Bohai Seas,1997,15(1):64-69.董年虎,王广月.渤海湾黄河入海口区余流特性分析[J].黄渤海海洋,1997,15(1):64-69.