布拉格衍射型冷原子干涉重力仪关键实验条件分析
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摘要
介绍了一种基于n阶布拉格衍射的新型冷原子干涉重力仪,可以进一步提高现有拉曼跃迁型原子干涉重力仪的测量灵敏度和稳定度。在介绍布拉格衍射型原子干涉重力仪基本原理的基础上,建立了原子平行驻波入射的时间型布拉格衍射冷原子干涉重力仪理论模型,分析了实验所需的关键条件,包括原子团纵向温度、布拉格激光直径、曲率半径、频率、强度以及时序等。与已有实验数据的对比结果表明:所建模型合理,所得结论能够为实际构造一台布拉格衍射型冷原子干涉重力仪提供有意义的指导。
A new type of cold atom interferometry gravimeter based on Bragg diffraction was presented,which is able to increase the gravity measurement sensitivity and stability of common Raman atom gravimeters significantly. By comparing with Raman transition,the principles and advantages of Bragg diffraction-based atom gravimeters were introduced. The theoretical model for a time-domain Bragg atom gravimeter with atomic incident direction parallel to the wave vector of Bragg lasers was constructed. Some key experimental requirements for an nth-order Bragg diffraction-based atom gravimeter were deduced, including the temperature of atom sources, the diameter, curvature radius, frequency,intensity,and timing sequence of Bragg pulses,etc. The analysis results were verified by the existing experimental data in discussion. The presented theoretical model and conclusions provide a meaningful reference for the understanding and construction of a Bragg diffraction-based cold atom gravimeter.
A new type of cold atom interferometry gravimeter based on Bragg diffraction was presented,which is able to increase the gravity measurement sensitivity and stability of common Raman atom gravimeters significantly. By comparing with Raman transition,the principles and advantages of Bragg diffraction-based atom gravimeters were introduced. The theoretical model for a time-domain Bragg atom gravimeter with atomic incident direction parallel to the wave vector of Bragg lasers was constructed. Some key experimental requirements for an nth-order Bragg diffraction-based atom gravimeter were deduced, including the temperature of atom sources, the diameter, curvature radius, frequency,intensity,and timing sequence of Bragg pulses,etc. The analysis results were verified by the existing experimental data in discussion. The presented theoretical model and conclusions provide a meaningful reference for the understanding and construction of a Bragg diffraction-based cold atom gravimeter.
引文
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[14]Giltner D M,Mc Gowan R W,Lee S A.Theoretical and experimental study of the Bragg scattering of atoms from a standing light wave[J].Physical Review A,1995,52(5):3966-3972.
[15]Blakie P B,Ballagh R J.Mean-field treatment of Bragg scattering from a bose-einstein condensate[J].Journal of Physics B Atomic,2000,33(19):3961-3982.
[16]Müller H,Chiow S W,Chu S,et al.Atom interferometry with up to 24-photon-momentum-transfer beam splitters[J].Physical Review Letters,2008,100(18):180405.
[17]Szigeti S S,Debs J E,Hope J J,et al.Why momentum width matters for atom interferometry with Bragg pulses[J].New Journal of Physics,2012,14(2):023009.
[18]任利春,周林,李润兵,等.不同序列拉曼光脉冲对原子重力仪灵敏度的影响[J].物理学报,2009,58(12):8230-8235.REN Lichun,ZHOU Lin,LI Runbing,et al.Dependence of sensitivity of atom interferometer gravimeters on the Raman laser pulse sequences[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2009,58(12):8230-8235.(in Chinese)
[19]周敏康.原子干涉重力测量原理性实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2010.ZHOU Minkang.Experimental demonstration of an atom interferometry gravimeter[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
[20]Wang Z Y,Chen T,Wang X L,et al.A precision analysis and determination of the technical requirements of an atom interferometer for gravity measurement[J].Frontiers of Physics in China,2009,4(2):174-178.
[2]Takase K.Precision rotation rate measurements with a mobile atom interferometer[D].USA:Stanford University,2008.
[3]Hu Z K,Sun B L,Duan X C,et al.Demonstration of an ultrahigh-sensitivity atom-interferometry absolute gravimeter[J].Physical Review A,2013,88(4):043610.
[4]Mc Guirk J M,Foster G T,Fixler J B,et al.Sensitive absolute-gravity gradiometry using atom interferometry[J].Physical Review A,2002,65(3):033608.
[5]Cadoret M,de Mirandes E,CladéP,et al.Combination of bloch oscillations with a ramsey-bordéinterferometer:new determination of the fine structure constant[J].Physical Review Letters,2008,101(23):230801.
[6]Rosi G,Sorrentino F,Cacciapuoti L,et al.Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant using cold atoms[J].Nature,2014,510(7506):518-521.
[7]Muquans Corporation.Project scheduler:absolute quantum gravimeter[CP/DK].[2016-01-06].http://www.muquans.com/index.php/products/aqg.
[8]Van Z T,Gaaloul N,Singh Y,et al.Bose-Einstein condensation in microgravity[J].Science,2010,328(5985):1540-3.
[9]Mc Guirk J M,Snadden M J,Kasevich M A.Large area lightpulse atom interferometry[J].Physical Review Letters,2000,85(21):4498-4501.
[10]Kovachy T,Chiow S W,Kasevich M A.Adiabatic-rapidpassage multiphoton Bragg atom optics[J].Physical Review A,2012,86(1):011606.
[11]CladéP,Guellati-Khélifa S,Nez F,et al.Large momentum beam splitter using bloch oscillations[J].Physical Review Letters,2009,102(24):240402.
[12]Altin P A,Johnsson M T,Negnevitsky V,et al.Precision atomic gravimeter based on Bragg diffraction[J].New Journal of Physics,2013,15(2):023009.
[13]Debs J E,Altin P A,Barter T H,et al.Cold-atom gravimetry with a Bose-Einstein condensate[J].Physical Review A,2011,84(3):033610.
[14]Giltner D M,Mc Gowan R W,Lee S A.Theoretical and experimental study of the Bragg scattering of atoms from a standing light wave[J].Physical Review A,1995,52(5):3966-3972.
[15]Blakie P B,Ballagh R J.Mean-field treatment of Bragg scattering from a bose-einstein condensate[J].Journal of Physics B Atomic,2000,33(19):3961-3982.
[16]Müller H,Chiow S W,Chu S,et al.Atom interferometry with up to 24-photon-momentum-transfer beam splitters[J].Physical Review Letters,2008,100(18):180405.
[17]Szigeti S S,Debs J E,Hope J J,et al.Why momentum width matters for atom interferometry with Bragg pulses[J].New Journal of Physics,2012,14(2):023009.
[18]任利春,周林,李润兵,等.不同序列拉曼光脉冲对原子重力仪灵敏度的影响[J].物理学报,2009,58(12):8230-8235.REN Lichun,ZHOU Lin,LI Runbing,et al.Dependence of sensitivity of atom interferometer gravimeters on the Raman laser pulse sequences[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2009,58(12):8230-8235.(in Chinese)
[19]周敏康.原子干涉重力测量原理性实验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2010.ZHOU Minkang.Experimental demonstration of an atom interferometry gravimeter[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
[20]Wang Z Y,Chen T,Wang X L,et al.A precision analysis and determination of the technical requirements of an atom interferometer for gravity measurement[J].Frontiers of Physics in China,2009,4(2):174-178.