文化传播模式的嬗变——基于玛格丽特·米德的《代沟》
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摘要
玛格丽特·米德,被誉为人类学之母,她于1970年写作出版的《代沟》一书,对世界范围内的代沟问题进行了分析研究。书中,米德阐述了人类社会中的三种文化传播模式,后象征文化、互象征文化和前象征文化,并认为现代社会中代沟是文化传播模式相互对立、碰撞的的结果,并不是以年龄为界限的年长者和青年人之间的必然产物。米德提出解决代沟问题的重点是年长者要虚心向青年人学习新的知识和技能以适应新时代的生活。同时,此理论是否能够解释现今中国社会中两代人之间的代沟问题仍需进一步讨论。
Margaret Mead, known as the mother of anthropology, wrote the book "Culture and Commitment",whose alternate name is "Generation Gap" in 1970, analyzed and studied the generation gap problem in the world. In the book, Mead elaborated three kinds of modes of cultural transmission in human society: postfigurative culture, cofigurative culture and prefigurative culture. It is considered that the generation gap in modern society is the result of mutual antagonism and collision between cultural transmission modes. It is not an inevitable product between the elderly and the young people with age-bound. Mead proposed that in solving the problem of generation gap the elderly should learn new knowledge and skills from young people to adapt to the life of the new age. At the same time, whether this theory can explain the problems between two generations in Chinese society still needs further discussion.
Margaret Mead, known as the mother of anthropology, wrote the book "Culture and Commitment",whose alternate name is "Generation Gap" in 1970, analyzed and studied the generation gap problem in the world. In the book, Mead elaborated three kinds of modes of cultural transmission in human society: postfigurative culture, cofigurative culture and prefigurative culture. It is considered that the generation gap in modern society is the result of mutual antagonism and collision between cultural transmission modes. It is not an inevitable product between the elderly and the young people with age-bound. Mead proposed that in solving the problem of generation gap the elderly should learn new knowledge and skills from young people to adapt to the life of the new age. At the same time, whether this theory can explain the problems between two generations in Chinese society still needs further discussion.
引文
[1]张帆.人类学与社会心理学的结合:玛格丽特·米德之文化决定论综述[J].社会评论科学,2007(3):114-124.
[2]玛格丽特·米德.代沟[M].曾胡,译.北京:光明日报出版社,1988.
[2]玛格丽特·米德.代沟[M].曾胡,译.北京:光明日报出版社,1988.