针对玄武岩屏蔽作用下的地质目标地震采集技术研究——以冰岛M区块为例
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摘要
冰岛M区块内存在两套覆盖范围较广、厚度大的玄武岩,其强烈的屏蔽作用使得该区采集难度很大,以往采集得到的资料整体信噪比低,下伏地层基本无反射信号。为了获得该地区更好的地震资料,特别是获取玄武岩强屏蔽层下伏的中、深层地震信息,通过分析采集难点,经关键参数论证和技术研究,设计出满足地质目标的斜缆采集方式,保证了采集频宽,配合低频、大容量震源,提高了地震信号的穿透能力,得到了高品质地震资料,最终形成了一套针对玄武岩屏蔽作用下的地质目标地震采集技术方法。
There are two sets of thick basalts covering large areas within M Block, Iceland. Due to their strong shielding effect, the seismic acquisition in this block is rather difficult. The signal-to-noise ratio of previously acquired data is overall low with no reflected signal acquired from the underlying strata. To acquire efficient seismic data in this block, especially that of the middle and deep strata underlying the basalts, the inclined-cable acquisition mode subject to the geological targets was designed after the analysis of acquisition difficulties, key parameter demonstration and technical study. While guaranteeing the acquisition frequency width, this mode can combine with low-frequency largecapacity seismic source to improve the penetration capacity of seismic signals, thereby facilitating the acquisition of high-quality seismic data. A set of seismic acquisition technology for the geological targets under the shield of basalt is ultimately developed.
There are two sets of thick basalts covering large areas within M Block, Iceland. Due to their strong shielding effect, the seismic acquisition in this block is rather difficult. The signal-to-noise ratio of previously acquired data is overall low with no reflected signal acquired from the underlying strata. To acquire efficient seismic data in this block, especially that of the middle and deep strata underlying the basalts, the inclined-cable acquisition mode subject to the geological targets was designed after the analysis of acquisition difficulties, key parameter demonstration and technical study. While guaranteeing the acquisition frequency width, this mode can combine with low-frequency largecapacity seismic source to improve the penetration capacity of seismic signals, thereby facilitating the acquisition of high-quality seismic data. A set of seismic acquisition technology for the geological targets under the shield of basalt is ultimately developed.
引文
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[16]佘德平,管路平,徐颖,李佩.应用低频信号提高高速玄武岩屏蔽层下的成像质量[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):564-567.She Deping,Guan Luping,Xu Ying,Li Pei.Applying of low-frequency signal to improve imaging quality below shielding high-velocity basalt[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(5):564-567.
[17]She Deping,Guan Luping,Xu Ying,Li Pei.Use of lowfrequency signals to improve imaging quality under highvelocity basalt[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(2):112-119.
[18]钟明睿,朱江海,杨薇,袁全社,覃殿明.震源及电缆沉放深度对海上地震资料的影响[J].物探与化探,2012,36(1):78-83.Zhong Minrui,Zhu Jianghai,Yang Wei,Yuan Quanshe,Qin Dianming.Impact of seismic source and cable sinking depth on marine seismic data[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(1):78-83.
[19]张振波,李东方.斜缆宽频地震勘探技术在珠江口盆地的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):451-456.Zhang Zhenbo,Li Dongfang.Variable-depth streamer seismic acquisition and processing in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):451-456.
[20]张鹏,王征,李欣,何进勇.海上宽方位采集技术研究与应用[C].中国地球物理2013——第二十八分会场论文集,2013:1331-1332.Zhang Peng,Wang Zheng,Li Xin,He Jinyong.Research and application of wide azimuth acquisition technology on sea[C].The Chinese geophysics in 2013—The collection of 28th parallel sessions,2013:1331-1332.
[2]Ajer D V.欧洲地质[M].马丽芳,刘训,译.北京:地质出版社,1989:30-43.Ajer D V.Europe geology[M].Ma Lifang,Liu Xun.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1989:30-43.
[3]Brekke H,Dahlgren S,Nyland B.The prospectivity of the Voring and More basins on the Norwegian Sea continental margin[C].Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe:Proceedings of 5th Conference.London,United Kingdom:Geological Society of London,1999,1:261-274.
[4]Farrimond P,Eglinton G,Brassell S C.Toarcian anoxic event in Europe an Organic geochemical study[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1989,6:136-147.
[5]朱伟林,杨甲明,杜翔.欧洲含油气盆地[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.Zhu Weilin,Yang Jiaming,Du Xiang.European oil and gas basin[M].Beijing:Science Press,2011.
[6]赵烽帆.高速屏蔽层对地震波传播的影响[D].长春:吉林大学,2007:55-58.Zhao Fengfan.Influence of high velocity layer on seismic wave propagation[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007:55-58.
[7]邓元军,李江,张建峰,李岩.浅滩拖缆地震采集方式研究[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(6):60-65.Deng Yuanjun,Li Jiang,Zhang Jianfeng,Li Yan.Cablebased seismic data acquisition in offshore shoal area[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(6):60-65.
[8]王志亮,周滨,龚旭东,张建峰.高密度高分辨地震勘探技术在渤海PL地区的应用[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(2):37-44.Wang Zhiliang,Zhou Bin,Gong Xudong,Zhang Jianfeng.Application of high-density and high-resolution seismic exploration technology for PL zone in Bohai Sea[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(2):37-44.
[9]周滨,龚旭东,张建峰.复杂海陆过渡带地震采集难点与对策[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(5):59-64.Zhou Bin,Gong Xudong,Zhang Jianfeng.Bottlenecks and solutions of seismic data acquisition in complex marine continental transitional zone[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(5):59-64.
[10]侯成福,高书琴,蒋连斌.红海玄武岩覆盖区拖缆地震采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):247-251.Hou Chengfu,Gao Shuqin,Jiang Lianbin.Technology of streamer seismic data acquisition in basalt-overlaid area,Red Sea[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(3):247-251.
[11]王哲,杨志国,龚旭东,张建峰,周滨,高祁.海底电缆地震资料采集观测系统对比[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(4):56-61.Wang Zhe,Yang Zhiguo,Gong Xudong,Zhang Jianfeng,Zhou Bin,Gao Qi.Comparison of OBC seismic data acquisition geometries[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(4):56-61.
[12]张卫平,杨志国,陈昌旭,张建峰.海上原始地震资料干扰波的形成与识别[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(4):65-69.Zhang Weiping,Yang Zhiguo,Chen Changxu,Zhang Jianfeng.Formation and identification of offshore original seismic data interference wave[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(4):65-69.
[13]张鹏,邓勇,谢涛,李欣.中深层复杂断裂区海底电缆采集设计研究与应用[C].2015年物探技术研讨会,2015:709-711.Zhang Peng,Deng Yong,Xie Tao,Li Xin.Research and application of submarine cable collection and design in the middle and deep layer complex fault zone[C].Geophysical Exploration Technology Conference,2015:709-711.
[14]韩站一,尚新民,孙成禹,刘立彬,韩宏伟.火成岩下伏地层地震反射波场特征研究[J].石油物探,2009,48(3):226-231.Han Zhanyi,Shang Xinmin,Sun Chengyu,Liu Libin,Han Hongwei.Study on seismic reflection wave field characteristics of formations below igneous rock[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(3):226-231.
[15]裴正林,牟永光.火成岩区地震波传播规律研究[J].石油物探,2004,43(5):433-437.Pei Zhenglin,Mou Yongguang.Study of seismic wave propagation regularity in igneous rock area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2004,43(5):433-437.
[16]佘德平,管路平,徐颖,李佩.应用低频信号提高高速玄武岩屏蔽层下的成像质量[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(5):564-567.She Deping,Guan Luping,Xu Ying,Li Pei.Applying of low-frequency signal to improve imaging quality below shielding high-velocity basalt[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(5):564-567.
[17]She Deping,Guan Luping,Xu Ying,Li Pei.Use of lowfrequency signals to improve imaging quality under highvelocity basalt[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(2):112-119.
[18]钟明睿,朱江海,杨薇,袁全社,覃殿明.震源及电缆沉放深度对海上地震资料的影响[J].物探与化探,2012,36(1):78-83.Zhong Minrui,Zhu Jianghai,Yang Wei,Yuan Quanshe,Qin Dianming.Impact of seismic source and cable sinking depth on marine seismic data[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(1):78-83.
[19]张振波,李东方.斜缆宽频地震勘探技术在珠江口盆地的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(3):451-456.Zhang Zhenbo,Li Dongfang.Variable-depth streamer seismic acquisition and processing in Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(3):451-456.
[20]张鹏,王征,李欣,何进勇.海上宽方位采集技术研究与应用[C].中国地球物理2013——第二十八分会场论文集,2013:1331-1332.Zhang Peng,Wang Zheng,Li Xin,He Jinyong.Research and application of wide azimuth acquisition technology on sea[C].The Chinese geophysics in 2013—The collection of 28th parallel sessions,2013:1331-1332.