深水崎岖海底区构造解释与圈闭落实——以琼东南盆地深水区宝岛凹陷为例
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摘要
海洋深水区水深变化急剧、峡谷纵横、火山发育,形成了崎岖的海底地貌,严重干扰了其下伏地层的地震资料时间偏移成像,进而影响到构造解释和圈闭落实。针对崎岖海底带来的影响,前人更多是从优化采集方案和地震资料特殊重处理,来获取高成像品质的地震资料。然而区域评价阶段进行大面积资料重处理成本高、周期长,无法满足低油价现状下勘探阶段降本增效的要求。基于地震正演模型分析,以琼东南盆地深水区宝岛凹陷为例,全面系统地建立了深水崎岖海底区构造解释和圈闭落实的技术方法与工作流程。通过对叠前时间偏移地震数据的层位解释校正和崎岖海底校正,有效规避了地震假象和时-深转换过程中崎岖海底引起的假构造现象,最终通过与叠前深度偏移地震数据的解释成果对比,证实该方法是区域评价阶段解决崎岖海底影响的一种有效技术手段。区域评价阶段能准确聚焦目标区,从而降低地震资料特殊处理成本,实现勘探阶段降本增效。
The deep-water area is characterized by abrupt change in water depth,crisscrossed canyons and developed volcanos,thus forming a rugged seabed.This heavily influences the seismic time-offset imaging of underlying formation,thus affecting the structural interpretation and trap definition.For the impact of rugged seabed,previous researchers always obtained the seismic data with high imaging quality by optimizing acquisition program and special re-processing of seismic data.However,the massive data re-processing in the regional evaluation stage has the characteristics of high cost and long cycle,unable to satisfy the requirements of cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the exploration stage under the current low oil price environment.Based on seismic forward modeling analysis,Baodao depression in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin is taken as an example in this paper.The technical methods and workflows for structural interpretation and trap definition in deep-water rugged seabed area are established comprehensively and systematically.Through correcting the pre-stack seismic time-offset data related to horizon interpretation and rugged seabed,it is able to effectively avoid the seismic illusions and pseudotectonic phenomena in the time-depth conversion process.Finally,through comparison with the interpretation results of pre-stack depth offset data,this method is proved to be an effective technique to eliminate the impact from rugged seabed in the regional evaluation stage.The exploration significance lies in that the target area can be accurately focused in the regional evaluation stage,so as to reduce the special processing cost of seismic data and realize the cost reduction and efficiency improvement during the exploration stage.
The deep-water area is characterized by abrupt change in water depth,crisscrossed canyons and developed volcanos,thus forming a rugged seabed.This heavily influences the seismic time-offset imaging of underlying formation,thus affecting the structural interpretation and trap definition.For the impact of rugged seabed,previous researchers always obtained the seismic data with high imaging quality by optimizing acquisition program and special re-processing of seismic data.However,the massive data re-processing in the regional evaluation stage has the characteristics of high cost and long cycle,unable to satisfy the requirements of cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the exploration stage under the current low oil price environment.Based on seismic forward modeling analysis,Baodao depression in the deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin is taken as an example in this paper.The technical methods and workflows for structural interpretation and trap definition in deep-water rugged seabed area are established comprehensively and systematically.Through correcting the pre-stack seismic time-offset data related to horizon interpretation and rugged seabed,it is able to effectively avoid the seismic illusions and pseudotectonic phenomena in the time-depth conversion process.Finally,through comparison with the interpretation results of pre-stack depth offset data,this method is proved to be an effective technique to eliminate the impact from rugged seabed in the regional evaluation stage.The exploration significance lies in that the target area can be accurately focused in the regional evaluation stage,so as to reduce the special processing cost of seismic data and realize the cost reduction and efficiency improvement during the exploration stage.
引文
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[14]邓志勇,张治忠,廖显锋,等.深水崎岖海底地震资料问题及处理对策-以南海L盆地二维地震重处理为例[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(3):1410-1417.DENG Zhiyong,ZHANG Zhizhong,LIAO Xianfeng,et al.Challenges and resolution on seismic processing of rugged bathy areaan instance of 2D seismic reprocessing on L basin,South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(3):1410-1417.
[15]许自强,方中于,万欢,等.叠前深度偏移在深水崎岖海底地震资料的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2011,8(5):572-578.XU Ziqiang,FANG Zhongyu,WAN Huan,et al.Application of pre-stack depth migration to seismic data from rough deep sea bottom[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2011,8(5):572-578.
[16]谢玉洪,李列,袁全社.海上宽频地震勘探技术在琼东南盆地深水区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):430-435.XIE Yuhong,LI Lie,YUAN Quanshe.Broad band marine seismic exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin deepwater area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):430-435.
[17]黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构[J].科学通报,2005,50(10):1024-1031.HUANG Chunju,ZHOU Di,CHEN Changmin,et al.Geophysical field and deep structures of Baiyun sag,Zhujiang river mouth basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(10):1024-1031.
[18]苏奥,陈红汉,贺聪,等.琼东南盆地崖城区泄压带流体活动特征及成岩响应[J].石油学报,2016,37(10):1216-1230.SU Ao,CHEN Honghan,HE Cong,et al.The characteristic of fluid activities and diagenetic responses of the pressure discharging zone in Yacheng area,Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(10):1216-1230.
[19]陈红汉,米立军,刘妍鷨,等.珠江口盆地深水区CO2成因、分布规律与风险带预测[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):119-134.CHEN Honghan,MI Lijun,LIU Yanhua,et al.Genesis,distribution and risk belt prediction of CO2in deep-water area in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):119-134.
[20]喻英梅,张英德,彭佳勇.海底峡谷对深部地层时深转换的影响及其消除方法[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(4):236-238.YU Yingmei,ZHANG Yingde,PENG Jiayong.Impact of submarine canyons on time-depth conversion of deeper intervals and its elimination approach[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(4):236-238.
[21]李国发,常德双,李皓,等.基于叠前波场模拟的火成岩地震反射特征分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(6):536-539.LI Guofa,CHANG Deshuang,LI Hao,et al.Analysis of reflection characteristics of volcanic rock by using pre-stack wavefield simulation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(6):536-539.
[22]鲁全贵,陈雪芳,向家万.一种消除浅层天然气影响的时深转换技术[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):616-620.LU Quangui,CHEN Xuefang,XIANG Jiawan.A time-depth conversion method to eliminate influence of shallow gas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):616-620.
[23]刘杰,秦成岗,全志臻,等.一种识别陆架坡折带“隐形构造”的时深转换方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(1):128-133.LIU Jie,QIN Chenggang,QUAN Zhizhen,et al.A time-depth conversion method for hidden structure identification in shelf-break belts[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(1):128-133.
[2]朱伟林,崔旱云,吴培康,等.被动大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新进展与展望[J].石油学报,2017,38(10):1099-1109.ZHU Weilin,CUI Hanyun,WU Peikang,et al.New development and outlook for oil and gas exploration in passive continental margin basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(10):1099-1109.
[3]王建花,魏伟,李绪宣,等.深水崎岖海底对下伏地层地震成像的影响研究[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(2):702-708.WANG Jianhua,WEI Wei,LI Xuxuan,et al.The effects of the deep rough seafloor on seismic imaging by focal beam analysis[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(2):702-708.
[4]李绪宣,温书亮,尹成.深水崎岖海底区不同采集方向地震波照明能量分布特征研究[J].中国海上油气,2010,22(2):73-76,82.LI Xuxuan,WEN Shuliang,YIN Cheng.A research on energy distribution pattern of seismic illumination along various acquisition direction on deep rough seafloor[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2010,22(2):73-76,82.
[5]张振波.南海北部深水地震勘探所遇到的挑战与对策[J].海洋石油,2015,35(1):9-15.ZHANG Zhenbo.Challenges and measures in seismic exploration in northern deepwater area of South China Sea[J].Offshore Oil,2015,35(1):9-15.
[6]李三福,帅鹏宇,刘杰明,等.南海北部深水坡折带双方位地震采集设计与应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2017,14(2):153-158.LI Sanfu,SHUAI Pengyu,LIU Jieming,et al.The design of dual azimuth marine seismic acquisition and its application to deepwater slope area in Northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2017,14(2):153-158.
[7]庄祖垠,麻志国,王志亮,等.高密度各向异性速度分析技术及应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2013,10(1):51-56.ZHUANG Zuyin,MA Zhiguo,WANG Zhiliang,et al.High density of anisotropic velocity analysis technology and application[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2013,10(1):51-56.
[8]杨锴,徐士勇,王华忠,等.倾角分解共反射面元叠加方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(5):1148-1155.YANG Kai,XU Shiyong,WANG Huazhong,et al.A method of dip decomposition common reflection surface stack[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(5):1148-1155.
[9]陈礼,葛勇.深水崎岖海底地震资料叠前深度偏移的必要性[J].中国海上油气,2005,17(1):12-15.CHEN Li,GE Yong.The necessity of pre-stack depth migration for seismic data from rough deep sea bottom[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2005,17(1):12-15.
[10]RISTOW D,RHL T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J].Geophysics,1994,59(12):1882-1893.
[11]BLEISTEIN N.Hagedoorn told us how to do Kirchhoff migration and inversion[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):918-927.
[12]RATCLIFF D W,WEBER D J.Geophysical imaging of subsalt geology[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(1):578-594.
[13]GAUS D,HEGNA S J.Improved imaging by pre-stack depth migration of multi-azimuth towed streamer seismic data:65th EAGE Conference&Exhibition[C].Stavanger:BGS,EAGE,2003:26-32.
[14]邓志勇,张治忠,廖显锋,等.深水崎岖海底地震资料问题及处理对策-以南海L盆地二维地震重处理为例[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(3):1410-1417.DENG Zhiyong,ZHANG Zhizhong,LIAO Xianfeng,et al.Challenges and resolution on seismic processing of rugged bathy areaan instance of 2D seismic reprocessing on L basin,South China Sea[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(3):1410-1417.
[15]许自强,方中于,万欢,等.叠前深度偏移在深水崎岖海底地震资料的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2011,8(5):572-578.XU Ziqiang,FANG Zhongyu,WAN Huan,et al.Application of pre-stack depth migration to seismic data from rough deep sea bottom[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2011,8(5):572-578.
[16]谢玉洪,李列,袁全社.海上宽频地震勘探技术在琼东南盆地深水区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):430-435.XIE Yuhong,LI Lie,YUAN Quanshe.Broad band marine seismic exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin deepwater area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):430-435.
[17]黄春菊,周蒂,陈长民,等.深反射地震剖面所揭示的白云凹陷的深部地壳结构[J].科学通报,2005,50(10):1024-1031.HUANG Chunju,ZHOU Di,CHEN Changmin,et al.Geophysical field and deep structures of Baiyun sag,Zhujiang river mouth basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(10):1024-1031.
[18]苏奥,陈红汉,贺聪,等.琼东南盆地崖城区泄压带流体活动特征及成岩响应[J].石油学报,2016,37(10):1216-1230.SU Ao,CHEN Honghan,HE Cong,et al.The characteristic of fluid activities and diagenetic responses of the pressure discharging zone in Yacheng area,Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(10):1216-1230.
[19]陈红汉,米立军,刘妍鷨,等.珠江口盆地深水区CO2成因、分布规律与风险带预测[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):119-134.CHEN Honghan,MI Lijun,LIU Yanhua,et al.Genesis,distribution and risk belt prediction of CO2in deep-water area in the Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):119-134.
[20]喻英梅,张英德,彭佳勇.海底峡谷对深部地层时深转换的影响及其消除方法[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(4):236-238.YU Yingmei,ZHANG Yingde,PENG Jiayong.Impact of submarine canyons on time-depth conversion of deeper intervals and its elimination approach[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(4):236-238.
[21]李国发,常德双,李皓,等.基于叠前波场模拟的火成岩地震反射特征分析[J].石油物探,2010,49(6):536-539.LI Guofa,CHANG Deshuang,LI Hao,et al.Analysis of reflection characteristics of volcanic rock by using pre-stack wavefield simulation[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2010,49(6):536-539.
[22]鲁全贵,陈雪芳,向家万.一种消除浅层天然气影响的时深转换技术[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):616-620.LU Quangui,CHEN Xuefang,XIANG Jiawan.A time-depth conversion method to eliminate influence of shallow gas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):616-620.
[23]刘杰,秦成岗,全志臻,等.一种识别陆架坡折带“隐形构造”的时深转换方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(1):128-133.LIU Jie,QIN Chenggang,QUAN Zhizhen,et al.A time-depth conversion method for hidden structure identification in shelf-break belts[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(1):128-133.