新时期现实主义戏剧成就与艺术启示
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摘要
本文从新时期以来现实主义戏剧的发展历程,攫取重要时期的重要剧作,考察其在特定的文化语境中所显示的思想内涵和艺术特点。紧跟时代节奏、反映现实人生是中国话剧的艺术传统,在改革开放初期,话剧艺术迅速崛起,努力肃清"文革"遗毒,探索思想解放路径,表现人的价值、灵魂、处境和命运,显示出探索的勇气和思想的犀利。面对话剧危机的状况,话剧工作者向外吸纳现代艺术经验,向内寻找和反思中国的乡土文化,使得现实主义戏剧不断深化,并且创作演出了一批有内涵丰富、形式新颖的剧目。进入新世纪以后,现实主义戏剧呈现出新的特点,以先进人物为主人公的剧目明显增多,取材范围不断扩大,民族化意识明显增强,创作总量持续增长。在余论中,本文就现实主义戏剧创作中需要注意的问题,如倾向性、深入生活、典型性、细节真实等基本理念进行了引申论述。
Starting from the development of realistic drama since the New Era, this article selects some influential plays in crucial phases, and investigates their ideological connotation and artistic characteristics in the specific cultural context. It is the artistic tradition of Chinese drama to keep up with the pace of the times and reflect real life. In the early stage of reform and opening up, drama rose rapidly, striving to eliminate the legacy of "The Cultural Revolution", exploring the path of ideological emancipation, showing the value, soul, predicament and destiny of human beings,and revealing the courage of exploration and profoundness of thoughts. Facing the challenge of Chinese drama, dramatists absorb techniques of modern art from foreign counterparts, and look inward to pursue and rethink the culture of China, with which deepens the realistic drama, also creates and performs a number of plays of rich connotations and innovative forms. Since entering the new century, realist drama has taken on new features. The number of plays characterizingrole modelshas increased significantly; the sources for creation has been expanded; the consciousness of nationalization has enhanced surprisingly; the total number of produced works has grown continually.This article extends the basic concepts of realistic theater production, such as orientation of themes,involvement into life, typicalportrayal of characters, authenticity of details, and so on.
Starting from the development of realistic drama since the New Era, this article selects some influential plays in crucial phases, and investigates their ideological connotation and artistic characteristics in the specific cultural context. It is the artistic tradition of Chinese drama to keep up with the pace of the times and reflect real life. In the early stage of reform and opening up, drama rose rapidly, striving to eliminate the legacy of "The Cultural Revolution", exploring the path of ideological emancipation, showing the value, soul, predicament and destiny of human beings,and revealing the courage of exploration and profoundness of thoughts. Facing the challenge of Chinese drama, dramatists absorb techniques of modern art from foreign counterparts, and look inward to pursue and rethink the culture of China, with which deepens the realistic drama, also creates and performs a number of plays of rich connotations and innovative forms. Since entering the new century, realist drama has taken on new features. The number of plays characterizingrole modelshas increased significantly; the sources for creation has been expanded; the consciousness of nationalization has enhanced surprisingly; the total number of produced works has grown continually.This article extends the basic concepts of realistic theater production, such as orientation of themes,involvement into life, typicalportrayal of characters, authenticity of details, and so on.
引文
[1]郑恩波主编.新时期文艺主潮论·绪论[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2002.
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[4]谭霈生.关于话剧民族化的问题[J].戏剧创作,1985(1).
[5]王新民.彻底回到“人学”的道路上来[J].戏剧界,1981(2).
[6]曹禺.戏剧创作漫谈[J].剧本,1980(5).
[7]陈恭敏.戏剧观念问题[J].剧本,1981(5).
[8]曹文轩.中国八十年代文学现象研究[M].北京:作家出版社,2003.
[9]王铭铭.走在乡土上-历史人类学札记[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[10]戴锦华,孟悦.浮出历史地表-现代妇女文学研究[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1989.
[11]田沁鑫.田沁鑫的戏剧场[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010.
[12]锦云.生活不负我[J].戏剧报,1987(6).
[13]陈恭敏.戏剧观念问题[J].剧本,1981(5).
[14]恩格斯.致敏·考茨基[M]//马克思恩格斯全集:第三十六卷.北京:人民出版社,1974.
[15]曹禺.曹禺自述[M].北京:京华出版社,2005.
[16]恩格斯.致玛·哈克奈斯[M]//马克思恩格斯选集:第四卷.北京:人民出版社,1995.
[17]习近平.在中国文联十大、中国作协九大开幕式上的讲话[N].人民日报,2016-11-30.
[2]宋宝珍.现实主义戏剧魅力永存[J].新剧本,2017(1).
[3]恩斯特·卡希尔.人论[M].甘阳译.上海:上海译文出版社,1985.
[4]谭霈生.关于话剧民族化的问题[J].戏剧创作,1985(1).
[5]王新民.彻底回到“人学”的道路上来[J].戏剧界,1981(2).
[6]曹禺.戏剧创作漫谈[J].剧本,1980(5).
[7]陈恭敏.戏剧观念问题[J].剧本,1981(5).
[8]曹文轩.中国八十年代文学现象研究[M].北京:作家出版社,2003.
[9]王铭铭.走在乡土上-历史人类学札记[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[10]戴锦华,孟悦.浮出历史地表-现代妇女文学研究[M].郑州:河南人民出版社,1989.
[11]田沁鑫.田沁鑫的戏剧场[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010.
[12]锦云.生活不负我[J].戏剧报,1987(6).
[13]陈恭敏.戏剧观念问题[J].剧本,1981(5).
[14]恩格斯.致敏·考茨基[M]//马克思恩格斯全集:第三十六卷.北京:人民出版社,1974.
[15]曹禺.曹禺自述[M].北京:京华出版社,2005.
[16]恩格斯.致玛·哈克奈斯[M]//马克思恩格斯选集:第四卷.北京:人民出版社,1995.
[17]习近平.在中国文联十大、中国作协九大开幕式上的讲话[N].人民日报,2016-11-30.