不同种植密度对棉花生长结铃及产量品质的影响
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摘要
以冀棉958为供试材料,研究了5个不同密度水平(3.0、5.0、7.0、9.0与11.0万株/hm~2)对棉花生长发育及产量、品质的影响,结果表明:随着种植密度的增大,棉花株高呈增加趋势,果枝台数与果节数呈降低趋势;单株内围铃、外围铃、下部铃、中部铃、上部铃的成铃数呈下降趋势,而单位面积的成铃数,内围铃呈递增趋势,外围铃、下部铃、中部铃与上部铃则先增后减。不同处理之间的子棉产量差异达极显著,单位面积干物重与总生物量差异不显著;不同处理之间的棉花纤维品质只有马克隆值差异显著,其他指标如上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、断裂比强度和伸长率差异均不显著。适宜的种植密度为7.0万株/hm~2。
Jimian 958 was used as material to study the impact of 5 different density levels( 3. 0,5. 0,7. 0,9.0,and 11. 0 * 10~4 plants/hm~2) on growth,yield and fiber quality of cottons. Results showed that with the increase of planting density,the plant height increased,branch number and the fruit number showed a trend of decrease; bell numbers inside plants,outside plants,at lower,central and upper parts of the plants declined; but the total bell numbers and that inside plants per unit area showed a trend of increase; bell numbers inside plants outside plants,at lower,central and upper parts of the plants were increased firstly and then decreased. The cotton yields were extremely significant difference between different processing,dry matter weight and total biomass per unit area difference was not significant. For the cotton fiber quality,only the Micronaire showed significant different; other indicators such as the above half average length,uniformity index,breaking strength and elongation were not significant different among different treatments. The suitable planting density was 7. 0 × 10~4 plants/hm~2.
Jimian 958 was used as material to study the impact of 5 different density levels( 3. 0,5. 0,7. 0,9.0,and 11. 0 * 10~4 plants/hm~2) on growth,yield and fiber quality of cottons. Results showed that with the increase of planting density,the plant height increased,branch number and the fruit number showed a trend of decrease; bell numbers inside plants,outside plants,at lower,central and upper parts of the plants declined; but the total bell numbers and that inside plants per unit area showed a trend of increase; bell numbers inside plants outside plants,at lower,central and upper parts of the plants were increased firstly and then decreased. The cotton yields were extremely significant difference between different processing,dry matter weight and total biomass per unit area difference was not significant. For the cotton fiber quality,only the Micronaire showed significant different; other indicators such as the above half average length,uniformity index,breaking strength and elongation were not significant different among different treatments. The suitable planting density was 7. 0 × 10~4 plants/hm~2.
引文
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[2]董合忠,李维江,李振怀,等.棉花营养枝利用的研究[J].棉花学报,2003,15(5):313-317.
[3]谢志华,李维江,苏敏,等.整枝方式与种植密度对蒜套棉产量和品质的效应[J].棉花学报,2014,26(5):459-465.
[4]张旺锋,勾玲,王振林,等.不同生态棉区棉花单铃重的变化及与气象因子关系的研究[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(7):872-877.
[5]李俊,潘学标,李菊.棉花株间竞争对铃重及成铃数的影响[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(11):120-122.
[6]戴茂华,吴振良,刘丽英,等.种植密度对棉花生育动态、产量和品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(增刊):146-154.
[7]赵振勇,田长彦,马英杰.高密度对陆地棉产量及品质的影响[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(4):292-295.
[8]职明星.新形势下棉花栽培技术发展探讨[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(3):440,451.
[9]张萼,陈建平,王海洋,等.栽培因子对棉花产量和品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2008,20(8):17-18.
[10]中国农业科学院棉花研究所.中国棉花栽培学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2013:401-468.
[11]王海洋,陈建平,蔡立旺,等.不同种植密度对杂交抗虫棉生长发育及产量构成的影响[J].江西农业学报,2014,26(9):27-30.
[12]骆雪姣.棉花不同密度效应研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010:1-8.
[13]史伟.种植密度对棉花干物质累积与分配及产量品质的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012:1-20,36.
[14]Siebert J D S A,Leonard B R.Comparative growth and yield of cotton planted at various densities and configurations[J].Agronomy Journal,2006,98(3):562-568.
[15]Dong H Z,Li W J,Tang W,et al.Yield,quality and leaf senescence of cotton grown at varying planting dates and plant densities in the Yellow River Valley of China[J].Field Crops Research,2006,98(2/3):106-115.
[16]赵元杰,孙永强,张鹤年,等.高种植密度对策勒棉花生长及经济性状影响的初步研究[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(增刊):159-164.
[17]Bridge R R,Meredith W R,Chism J F.Influence of planting method and plant population on cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)[J].Agronomy Journal,1973,65(1):104-109.