合理密植下不同株行距配置对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响
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摘要
为筛选合理密植条件下不同棉花品种的适宜株行距配置模式,为黄河流域机采棉的发展提供一定的技术支撑,试验筛选了3个冀中南地区主栽品种:冀棉958、石抗126和冀863,设置了75 000株/hm2种植密度下4个不同的株行距配置,行距分别为80(Ⅰ),75(Ⅱ),70(Ⅲ),(100+50) cm(Ⅳ),同时设置常规种植密度45 000株/hm2为对照(CK,行距80 cm),研究了合理密植条件下不同株行距配置对棉花生长发育和产量品质的影响。结果表明,合理密植下不同株行距配置对不同品种的株高、茎粗和果枝台数等农艺性状的影响不尽相同;冀棉958和石抗126不同株行距配置的单株成铃数之间无显著差异,均显著低于低密度下的CK,单株成铃率则均为处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅳ显著高于处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅲ;冀863的单株成铃数以处理Ⅳ最高,其次为处理Ⅱ;冀棉958籽棉产量以处理Ⅳ最高,石抗126籽棉产量为处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅳ显著高于处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅲ,冀863的籽棉产量则为处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅳ略高于处理Ⅲ,处理Ⅲ又略高于处理Ⅰ。推荐3个棉花品种适宜的株行距配置为75 cm行距与(100+50) cm 2种种植模式。
The purpose of the experiment is to screen suitable planting spacing distribution patterns of different cotton varieties under reasonable density planting conditions,and to provide certain technical support for the development of mechanized cotton harvesting in the Yellow River basin. Three main cultivars in central and Southern Hebei were selected: Jimian 958,Shikang 126 and Ji 863. The test set four different strains of row spacing: 80(Ⅰ),75(Ⅱ),70,(Ⅲ),(100 + 50) cm(Ⅳ) under 75 000 plants/ha planting density,at the same time set the conventional planting density of 45 000 plants/ha to control(CK,spaced 80 cm),to study the influence of different strains of planting spacing the under reasonable density planting condition on cotton growth,yield and quality. The results showed that the effects of different planting spacing on plant height,stem width and number of fruiting branches of different varieties were different under reasonable dense planting. There was no significant difference between the bolls No. per plant in Jimian 958 and Shikang 126,but the numbers were significantly lower than CK which was in low density. The ratios of the boll-setting per plant in treatmentsⅡand Ⅳ were significantly higher than treatmentsⅠand Ⅲ. The bolls No. per plant in treatment Ⅳ was the highest in Ji 863,and then was treatmentⅡ. The seed cotton yield in processingⅣ was the highest in Jimian 958. Which in treatmentsⅡand Ⅳ were significantly higher than treatmentsⅠand Ⅲ in Shikang 126. And the yields in treatmentsⅡand Ⅳ were higher than treatment Ⅲ in Ji 863,and which in treatment Ⅲwas higher than treatmentⅠ,but there was no significant difference. It was recommended that the suitable planting spacingn of three cotton varieties should be 75 cm and(100 + 50) cm row spacing.
The purpose of the experiment is to screen suitable planting spacing distribution patterns of different cotton varieties under reasonable density planting conditions,and to provide certain technical support for the development of mechanized cotton harvesting in the Yellow River basin. Three main cultivars in central and Southern Hebei were selected: Jimian 958,Shikang 126 and Ji 863. The test set four different strains of row spacing: 80(Ⅰ),75(Ⅱ),70,(Ⅲ),(100 + 50) cm(Ⅳ) under 75 000 plants/ha planting density,at the same time set the conventional planting density of 45 000 plants/ha to control(CK,spaced 80 cm),to study the influence of different strains of planting spacing the under reasonable density planting condition on cotton growth,yield and quality. The results showed that the effects of different planting spacing on plant height,stem width and number of fruiting branches of different varieties were different under reasonable dense planting. There was no significant difference between the bolls No. per plant in Jimian 958 and Shikang 126,but the numbers were significantly lower than CK which was in low density. The ratios of the boll-setting per plant in treatmentsⅡand Ⅳ were significantly higher than treatmentsⅠand Ⅲ. The bolls No. per plant in treatment Ⅳ was the highest in Ji 863,and then was treatmentⅡ. The seed cotton yield in processingⅣ was the highest in Jimian 958. Which in treatmentsⅡand Ⅳ were significantly higher than treatmentsⅠand Ⅲ in Shikang 126. And the yields in treatmentsⅡand Ⅳ were higher than treatment Ⅲ in Ji 863,and which in treatment Ⅲwas higher than treatmentⅠ,but there was no significant difference. It was recommended that the suitable planting spacingn of three cotton varieties should be 75 cm and(100 + 50) cm row spacing.
引文
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[18]王树林,林永增,祁虹,等.冀南地区不同密度对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(11):24-27.
[19] Dong H Z,Li W J,Tang W,et al. Yield,quality and leaf senescence of cotton grown at varying planting dates and plant densities in the Yellow River Valley of China[J].Field Crops Research,2006,98(2/3):106-115.
[20]赵元杰,孙永强,张鹤年,等.高种植密度对策勒棉花生长及经济性状影响的初步研究[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(S):159-164.
[2]赵振勇,田长彦,马英杰.高密度对陆地棉产量及品质的影响[J].干旱区研究,2003,20(4):292-295.
[3]宁新柱,林海,宿俊吉,等.不同种植密度对棉花产量性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(15):8878-8880.
[4]牛玉萍,陈宗奎,杨林川,等.干旱区滴灌模式和种植密度对棉花生长和产量性能的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(10):1506-1515.
[5]徐新霞,雷建峰,高丽丽,等.行距配置对机采棉花冠层结构及光合特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(10):1479-1485.
[6]李建峰,王聪,梁福斌,等.新疆机采模式下棉花株行距配置对冠层结构指标及产量的影响[J].棉花学报,2017,29(2):157-165.
[7]杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,等.种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J].作物学报,2010,36(7):1226-1233.
[8]罗宏海,张旺锋,赵瑞海,等.种植密度对新疆膜下滴灌棉花群体光合速率,冠层结构及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(4):112-114.
[9]张旺锋,王振林,余松烈,等.种植密度对新疆高产棉花群体光合作用、冠层结构及产量形成的影响[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(2):164-171.
[10]白伟,孙占祥,郑家明,等.辽西地区不同种植模式对春玉米产量形成及其生长发育特性的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(1):181-189.
[11]周永萍,杜海英,田海燕,等.不同种植密度对棉花生长结铃及产量品质的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(4):95-99.
[12]赵振勇,田长彦,马英杰,等.高密度种植下棉花群体质量主要指标研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2004,22(3):9-13.
[13]徐新霞,雷建峰,高丽丽,等.不同机采棉行距配置对棉花生长发育及光合物质生产的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(2):51-56.
[14]戴茂华,吴振良,刘丽英,等.种植密度对棉花生育动态,产量和品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2014,29(S1):146-154.
[15]周永萍,田海燕,杜海英,等.种植密度对棉花生长结铃及产量品质的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(4):84-88.
[16]王志才.冀中南棉区种植密度和整枝方式对棉花群体质量的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[17]史加亮.行株距配置和密度对棉花生长发育及产量品质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017.
[18]王树林,林永增,祁虹,等.冀南地区不同密度对棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2010(11):24-27.
[19] Dong H Z,Li W J,Tang W,et al. Yield,quality and leaf senescence of cotton grown at varying planting dates and plant densities in the Yellow River Valley of China[J].Field Crops Research,2006,98(2/3):106-115.
[20]赵元杰,孙永强,张鹤年,等.高种植密度对策勒棉花生长及经济性状影响的初步研究[J].干旱区研究,2000,17(S):159-164.