无底柱分段崩落法采场围岩稳定分析与采矿进路修复技术
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摘要
采用地质雷达对采矿进路进行了围岩松动圈探测,确定了其松动圈范围为1.5～2.0 m,分析了采矿进路围岩变形破坏特征与失稳破坏机理。针对无底柱分段崩落采矿法特点,建立了和睦山铁矿-187.5,-200.0及-212.5 m 3个水平的大型三维数值计算模型。采用FLAC3D模拟研究了不同分层采矿进路开挖与矿体回采过程,揭示了采矿进路开挖与矿体回采过程及不同回采顺序时围岩变形场、应力场的演化规律。针对采矿进路围岩变形失稳的演化特征,提出了以初次锚网喷和二次预应力让压锚杆的修复技术方案。现场工业性试验表明,让压支护技术方案有效地解决了和睦山铁矿强采动采矿进路在矿体回采期间的稳定难题。
The loose zone of mining entrance surrounding rock was determined as 1.5～2.0 m by adopting geological radar. At the same time, the deformation characteristics and instability mechanism of surrounding rock were also analyzed. Based on the characteristics of sublevel caving method, 3 D numerical models for 3 levels of-187.5 m,-200.0 m and-212.5 m were established, respectively. The mining entrance in different layers and process of orebody stoping were investigated by using FLAC3 D software. The evolution law of deformation field and stress field in the process of mining entrance excavation, orebody stoping and different mining sequences were revealed. According to the evolution characteristics of surrounding rock deformation and instability in mining entrance, the repair technical scheme including anchor net spray and pre-stressed yield bolt was put forward. Industrial field tests show that the supporting technology with pressure releasing and yielding could effectively solve the stability issue in mining entrance during orebody stoping in Hemushan iron mine.
The loose zone of mining entrance surrounding rock was determined as 1.5～2.0 m by adopting geological radar. At the same time, the deformation characteristics and instability mechanism of surrounding rock were also analyzed. Based on the characteristics of sublevel caving method, 3 D numerical models for 3 levels of-187.5 m,-200.0 m and-212.5 m were established, respectively. The mining entrance in different layers and process of orebody stoping were investigated by using FLAC3 D software. The evolution law of deformation field and stress field in the process of mining entrance excavation, orebody stoping and different mining sequences were revealed. According to the evolution characteristics of surrounding rock deformation and instability in mining entrance, the repair technical scheme including anchor net spray and pre-stressed yield bolt was put forward. Industrial field tests show that the supporting technology with pressure releasing and yielding could effectively solve the stability issue in mining entrance during orebody stoping in Hemushan iron mine.
引文
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[14]刘红岗,贺永年,韩立军,等.大松动圈围岩锚注与预应力锚索联合支护技术的机理与实践[J].中国矿业,2007,16(1):62-65.LIU Honggang,HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,et al.Study and application of supportingmechanism of combined support of bolting-grouting and prestressed cable anchor in large broken zone surrounding rock[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(1):62-65.
[15]柏建彪,王襄禹,姚喆.高应力软岩巷道耦合支护研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(4):421-425.BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu,YAO Zhe.Study of coupling support in soft rock roadway under high stress[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(4):421-425.
[16]王连国,缪协兴,董建涛.动压巷道锚注支护数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):39-42.WANG Lianguo,MIAO Xiexing,DONG Jiantao.Numerical simulation of bolt-grouting support in soft roadway affected by mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):39-42.
[17]王琦,李为腾,李术才,等.深部巷道U型约束混凝土拱架力学性能及支护体系现场试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(6):2250-2260.WANG Qi,LI Weiteng,LI Shucai,et al.Field test study on mechanical properties of U-type confined concrete arch centering and support system in deep roadway[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(6):2250-2260.
[18]玉国进.无底柱分段崩落法的地压控制[J].岩土力学,1989,10(1):31-41.YU Guojin.The ground pressure control for sublevel caving[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1989,10(1):31-41.
[19]赵兴东,唐春安,田军.进路分步开挖背景应力场演化规律研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(4):659-662.ZHAO Xingdong,TANG Chun’an,TIAN Jun.Study on evolvement law of background stress field of multi-step excavation of roadway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(4):659-662.
[20]陶干强,任青云,罗辉,等.无底柱分段崩落法采场稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(12):3768-3779.TAO Ganqiang,REN Qingyun,LUO Hui,et al.Stability analysis of stope in pillarless sublevel caving[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(12):3768-3779.
[21]齐彪.基于时效特性软岩采矿进路围岩稳定控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014:38-80.
[22]董方庭.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及应用技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001:1-34.
[23]吴少华.无底柱分段崩落法采矿进路受力过程分析[J].化工矿山技术,1993,22(4):16-18.WU Shaohua.Process analysis of stress for the mining entrance of pillarless sublevel caving method[J].Journal of Chemical Technology in Mines,1993,22(4):16-18.
[2]王青,任凤玉,顾晓薇,等.采矿学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2011:249-276.
[3]何满潮,袁越,王晓雷,等.新疆中生代复合型软岩大变形控制技术及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(3):434-441.HE Manchao,YUAN Yue,WANG Xiaolei,et al.Control technology for large deformation of mesozoic compound soft rock in Xinjiang and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(3):434-441.
[4]袁亮,薛俊华,刘泉声,等.煤矿深部岩巷围岩控制理论与支护技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(4):535-543.YUAN Liang,XUE Junhua,LIU Quansheng,et al.Surrounding rock stability control theory and support technique in deep rock roadway for coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(4):535-543.
[5]刘泉声,康永水,白运强.顾桥煤矿深井岩巷破碎软弱围岩支护方法探索[J].岩土力学,2011,32(10):3097-3104.LIU Quansheng,KANG Yongshui,BAI Yunqiang.Research on supporting method for deep rock roadway with broken and soft surrounding rock in Guqiao coal mine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(10):3097-3104.
[6]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[7]牛双建,靖洪文,张忠宇,等.深部软岩巷道围岩稳定控制技术研究及应用[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(6):914-919.NIU Shuangjian,JING Hongwen,ZHANG Zhongyu,et al.Study on control technology of surrounding rocks in deep soft roadway and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(6):914-919.
[8]谢广祥,常聚才.深井巷道控制围岩最小变形时空耦合一体化支护[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):183-187.XIE Guangxiang,CHANG Jucai.Study of space-time coupled and integrative supporting method of controlling the minimum deformation of surrounding rock in deep mine roadway[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):183-187.
[9]孙晓明,何满潮,杨晓杰.深部软岩巷道锚网索耦合支护非线性设计方法研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(7):1061-1065.SUN Xiaoming,HE Manchao,YANG Xiaojie.Research on nonlinear mechanics design method of bolt-net-anchor coupling support for deep soft rock tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(7):1061-1065.
[10]张璨,张农,许兴亮,等.高地应力破碎软岩巷道强化控制技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):13-18.ZHANG Can,ZHANG Nong,XU Xingliang,et al.Support technique intensifying soft broken roadway with high ground stress[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(1):13-18.
[11]高延法,王波,王军,等.深井软岩巷道钢管混凝土支护结构性能试验及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增刊1):2604-2609.GAO Yanfa,WANG Bo,WANG Jun,et al.Test on structural property and application of concrete-filled steel tube support of deep mine and soft rock roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(Sup 1):2604-2609.
[12]乔卫国,孟庆彬,林登阁,等.深部软岩巷道锚注联合支护技术研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2011,31(1):22-27.QIAO Weiguo,MENG Qingbin,LIN Dengge,et al.Research and case analysis of bolting grouting combined support technology in deep soft rock roadway[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2011,31(1):22-27.
[13]孟庆彬,韩立军,乔卫国,等.赵楼矿深部软岩巷道变形破坏机理及控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(2):165-172.MENG Qingbin,HAN Lijun,QIAO Weiguo,et al.The deformation failure mechanism and control techniques of soft rock in deep roadways in Zhaolou mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(2):165-172.
[14]刘红岗,贺永年,韩立军,等.大松动圈围岩锚注与预应力锚索联合支护技术的机理与实践[J].中国矿业,2007,16(1):62-65.LIU Honggang,HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,et al.Study and application of supportingmechanism of combined support of bolting-grouting and prestressed cable anchor in large broken zone surrounding rock[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(1):62-65.
[15]柏建彪,王襄禹,姚喆.高应力软岩巷道耦合支护研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(4):421-425.BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu,YAO Zhe.Study of coupling support in soft rock roadway under high stress[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(4):421-425.
[16]王连国,缪协兴,董建涛.动压巷道锚注支护数值模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):39-42.WANG Lianguo,MIAO Xiexing,DONG Jiantao.Numerical simulation of bolt-grouting support in soft roadway affected by mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):39-42.
[17]王琦,李为腾,李术才,等.深部巷道U型约束混凝土拱架力学性能及支护体系现场试验研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2015,46(6):2250-2260.WANG Qi,LI Weiteng,LI Shucai,et al.Field test study on mechanical properties of U-type confined concrete arch centering and support system in deep roadway[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2015,46(6):2250-2260.
[18]玉国进.无底柱分段崩落法的地压控制[J].岩土力学,1989,10(1):31-41.YU Guojin.The ground pressure control for sublevel caving[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1989,10(1):31-41.
[19]赵兴东,唐春安,田军.进路分步开挖背景应力场演化规律研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(4):659-662.ZHAO Xingdong,TANG Chun’an,TIAN Jun.Study on evolvement law of background stress field of multi-step excavation of roadway[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(4):659-662.
[20]陶干强,任青云,罗辉,等.无底柱分段崩落法采场稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(12):3768-3779.TAO Ganqiang,REN Qingyun,LUO Hui,et al.Stability analysis of stope in pillarless sublevel caving[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(12):3768-3779.
[21]齐彪.基于时效特性软岩采矿进路围岩稳定控制技术研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014:38-80.
[22]董方庭.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论及应用技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001:1-34.
[23]吴少华.无底柱分段崩落法采矿进路受力过程分析[J].化工矿山技术,1993,22(4):16-18.WU Shaohua.Process analysis of stress for the mining entrance of pillarless sublevel caving method[J].Journal of Chemical Technology in Mines,1993,22(4):16-18.