11个引进无花果品种抗寒性研究
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摘要
以进入休眠期的1年生枝条为试验材料,采用人工低温处理法,研究11个无花果引进品种和1个当地品种的部分生理指标的变化趋势,并采用隶属综合评价法排序12个无花果品种的抗寒能力强弱顺序。结果表明,随着处理温度的降低,12个无花果品种1年生枝条的相对电导率呈现出上升趋势,丙二醛含量表现先上升后下降趋势,而可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量均呈现有所不同的变化趋势。处理低温从-10℃降到-15℃时,12个无花果品种的相对电导率均剧烈上升,其中‘中国紫果’的上升幅度最大(比其对照高56.28%),‘日本紫果’最少;处理温度为-15℃时,12个无花果品种的丙二醛含量均达到最高点,与对照相比,‘波姬红’的丙二醛含量上升幅度最大,高17.70倍,‘丰产黄’的上升幅度最低,高5.87倍。12个无花果品种5个生理指标的平均隶属度为0.241~0.786,其中‘金傲芬’相对电导率的隶属度最高,‘丰产黄’丙二醛含量的隶属度最高,‘布兰瑞克’可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量的隶属度均最高。综合评价值得知,11个引进无花果品种中‘布兰瑞克’、‘丰产黄’、‘日本紫果’、‘美丽亚’、‘B110’和‘金傲芬’6个品种抗寒生理指标的隶属函数综合评价值均高于新疆当地品种‘新疆早黄’,其半致死低温分别为-12.62℃、-11.94℃、-11.69℃、-11.62℃、-11.48℃和-11.48℃,在新疆具有较广泛的推广价值。
Annual branches of 11 fig cultivars introduced in Xinjiang and one local cultivar were collected in dormancy period and treated with artificial low temperature to investigate the cold resistance of the cultivars by examine the variations of relative physiological parameters.Membership function evaluation method was adopted.The results showed that with the decrease of temperature,the relative electronic conductivity of 12 fig cultivars showed an upward trend,the MDA content increased first and then decreased,and the contents of soluble protein,soluble sugar and free proline varied differently.When the temperature decreased from-10 to-15℃,the relative electronic conductivity of all cultivars increased sharply,highest for cultivar‘Zhongguoziguo'(56.28%),and lowest for‘Ribenziguo'(30.12%).When the temperature was-15℃,the MDA contents of 12 cultivars reached their highest points,the MDA content of‘Bojihong'was the highest(17.70 times higher than the control),of‘Fengchanhuang',the lowest increase(5.87 times higher).The average membership coefficient of 12 cultivars ranged from 0.241 to 0.786,among them,the ‘Jinaofen'had a highest membership degree on relative electronic conductivity,‘Fengchanhuang'on the MDA content,'Blanrick'on soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and free proline contents.Comprehensive evaluation value showed that,among the 11 introduced cultivars,the‘Blanrick',‘Fengchanhuang',‘Ribenziguo',‘Meiliya',‘B110'and ‘Jinaofen'had higher values than local cultivar‘Xinjiangzaohuang',the half lethal low temperature for these cultivars were -12.62,-11.94,-11.69,-11.62,-11.48 and,-11.48℃,respectively,indicating their extension values in Xinjiang.
Annual branches of 11 fig cultivars introduced in Xinjiang and one local cultivar were collected in dormancy period and treated with artificial low temperature to investigate the cold resistance of the cultivars by examine the variations of relative physiological parameters.Membership function evaluation method was adopted.The results showed that with the decrease of temperature,the relative electronic conductivity of 12 fig cultivars showed an upward trend,the MDA content increased first and then decreased,and the contents of soluble protein,soluble sugar and free proline varied differently.When the temperature decreased from-10 to-15℃,the relative electronic conductivity of all cultivars increased sharply,highest for cultivar‘Zhongguoziguo'(56.28%),and lowest for‘Ribenziguo'(30.12%).When the temperature was-15℃,the MDA contents of 12 cultivars reached their highest points,the MDA content of‘Bojihong'was the highest(17.70 times higher than the control),of‘Fengchanhuang',the lowest increase(5.87 times higher).The average membership coefficient of 12 cultivars ranged from 0.241 to 0.786,among them,the ‘Jinaofen'had a highest membership degree on relative electronic conductivity,‘Fengchanhuang'on the MDA content,'Blanrick'on soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and free proline contents.Comprehensive evaluation value showed that,among the 11 introduced cultivars,the‘Blanrick',‘Fengchanhuang',‘Ribenziguo',‘Meiliya',‘B110'and ‘Jinaofen'had higher values than local cultivar‘Xinjiangzaohuang',the half lethal low temperature for these cultivars were -12.62,-11.94,-11.69,-11.62,-11.48 and,-11.48℃,respectively,indicating their extension values in Xinjiang.
引文
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[8]姜卫兵,王业遴,马凯.越冬期间无花果枝条电解质渗出率与超氧化物歧化酶活性的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,1992,15(1):129-131.JIANG W B,WANG Y L,MA K.Relationship between electrolytic leakage of fig shoot and superoxide dismutase activity during overwintering period[J].Journal of Nanjing Agriculiural University,1992,15(1):129-131.(in Chinese)
[9]姜卫兵,王业遴,马凯.渗透保护物质在无花果抗寒性发育中的作用[J].园艺学报,1992,19(4):371-372.JIANG W B,WANG Y L,MA K.Effect of osmoprotective substances on cold hardiness of fig[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1992,19(4):371-372.(in Chinese)
[10]姜卫兵,王业遴,马凯.无花果越冬期间枝皮同工酶的变化[J].果树学报,1994,11(1):41-42.
[11]孙蕾,荀守华,王洪斌,等.无花果不同品种抗寒性研究初报[J].经济林研究,1997,15(1):30-31.
[12]哀方,苏卫国,张振玲.不同无花果品种抗寒性的测定[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(14):4183-4184,4285.AI F,SU W G,ZHANG Z L.Determination of cold tolerance of different varieties of figs[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(14):4183-4185.(in Chinese)
[13]刘家尧.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:72-75.
[14]张树宝,苏志刚,李淑霞,等.电导法等测定欧美彩叶树抗寒性试验研究[J].北方园艺,2009(2):187-189.ZHANG S B,SU Z G,LI S X,et al.Research the cold resistance test of determining colored-leaves trees in europe and america using conductivity method etc[J].Northern Horticulture,2009(2):187-189.(in Chinese)
[15]LI P H,PALVA E T.Plant cold hardiness gene regulation and genetic engineering[J].Annals of Botany,2003(92):327-328.
[16]韩俊威,史彦江,宋锋惠,等.平欧杂交榛13个品种(系)抗寒性比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2014(12):7-12.HAN J W,SHI Y J,SONG F H,et al.Comparrative study on cold resistance of thirteen strains of corylus heterophylla×corylus avellana[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014(12):7-12.(in Chinese)
[17]王有科,席万鹏,郁松林,等.引种扁桃抗寒力及冻害成因分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(5):126-129.WANG Y K,XI W P,YU S L,et al.Analysis on cold resistance ability of almond and causes of chilling injury[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2006,24(5):126-129.(in Chinese)
[18]何丽斯,汪仁,孟祥静,等.茉莉扦插苗对模拟低温的生理响应[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2451-2458.HE L S,WANG R,MENG X J,et al.Physiological responses of jasminum sambac cuttings under artificial low temperature[J].Acta Bot.Boreal-Occident Sin.,2010,30(12):2451-2458.(in Chinese)
[19]RUIZ N,BARRANCO D,RAPOPORT H F.Antomical response of live to freezing temperatures changes in soluble carbohydrate of rye[J].Crop Sci.,2006,25:288-290.
[20]付晓伟,张倩,刘崇怀,等.评价葡萄根系抗寒性指标的确定[J].果树学报,2014,31(1):52-59.FU X W,ZHANG Q,LIU C H,et al.Index for the evaluation of grape root cold-resistance[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(1):52-59.(in Chinese)
[21]苏李维,李胜,马绍英,等.葡萄抗寒性综合评价方法的建立[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):70-79.SU L W,LI S,MA S Y,et al.Acomprehensive assessment method for cold resistance of grape vines[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(3):70-79.(in Chinese)
[22]吕跃东,董凤祥,王贵禧,等.平欧杂交榛抗寒性综合评价体系的建立与应用[J].林业科学,2008,44(9):31-35.LYU Y D,DONG F X,WANG G X,et al.Establishment and application of integrated assessment system on cold resistance of hybrid hazelnut[J].Scintia Silvae Sinicae,2008,44(9):31-35.(in Chinese)
[23]玉苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价莉砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129.YUSUFU A,AYIGULI T,PATIMAN A,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on cold hardiness of pear rootstocks by the subordinate function[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2014,19(3):121-129.(in Chinese)
[24]王勇,乔永胜,梅霞,等.不同低温下核桃枝条抗寒性生理生化指标分析[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(10):40-44.WANG Y,QIAO Y S,MEI X,et al.Physiological and biochemical indexes of change of cold hardiness of different branches of walnut under low temperature[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(10):40-44.(in Chinese)
[25]许桂芳,张朝阳,向佐湘.利用隶属函数法对4种珍珠菜属植物的抗寒性综合评价[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(3):24-26.XU G F,ZHANG Z Y,XIANG Z X.Comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance on four lysimachia plants by subordinate function values analysis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(3):24-26.(in Chinese)
[2]陈建业,宁玉霞,朱自兰.无花果生物学特性观察[J].果树科学,1997,14(1):16-20.CHEN J Y,NING Y X,ZHU Z L.Observation on biological charactecs fig(Ficus caracal)[J].Journal of Fruit Science,1997,14(1):16-20.(in Chinese)
[3]FLAISHMAN M A,RODOV V,STOVER E.The fig botany,horticulture,and breeding[J].Horticultural Reviews,2008,34:113-196.
[4]艾沙江·阿不都沙拉木,杨培,买买提江·吐尔逊,等.无花果在阿图什维吾尔族民间的传统应用的调查研究[J].植物分类与资源学报,2015,37(2):214-220.AYSAJAN A,YANG P,MAMETJAN T,et al.Traditional use culture of Ficus carica among uyghurs in Atux,Xinjiang[J].Plant Diversity and Resources,2015,37(2):214-220.(in Chinese)
[5]吴子江,马翠兰,郭阳彬,等.无花果生产与研究进展[J].亚热带农业研究,2013,9(3):151-157.WU Z J,MA C L,GUO Y B,et al.Overview of fig(Ficus carica)production and research[J].Subtropical Agriculture Research,2013,9(3):151-157.(in Chinese)
[6]买买提江·阿不来提.气候条件对无花果生长影响的分析[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(Supp.1):92-94.MAIMAITIJIANG A.Analysis on effect of climatic conditions on growth of Ficus carica(Fig)in Atushi,Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2006,43(Supp.1):92-94.(in Chinese)
[7]黄鹏,吕顺端,马贯羊.无花果优良品种的引种栽培[J].经济林研究,2009,27(3):47-52.HUANG P,LYU S D,MA G Y.In troduction and cultivation of improved fig varieties[J].Nonwood Forest Research,2009,27(3):47-52.(in Chinese)
[8]姜卫兵,王业遴,马凯.越冬期间无花果枝条电解质渗出率与超氧化物歧化酶活性的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,1992,15(1):129-131.JIANG W B,WANG Y L,MA K.Relationship between electrolytic leakage of fig shoot and superoxide dismutase activity during overwintering period[J].Journal of Nanjing Agriculiural University,1992,15(1):129-131.(in Chinese)
[9]姜卫兵,王业遴,马凯.渗透保护物质在无花果抗寒性发育中的作用[J].园艺学报,1992,19(4):371-372.JIANG W B,WANG Y L,MA K.Effect of osmoprotective substances on cold hardiness of fig[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,1992,19(4):371-372.(in Chinese)
[10]姜卫兵,王业遴,马凯.无花果越冬期间枝皮同工酶的变化[J].果树学报,1994,11(1):41-42.
[11]孙蕾,荀守华,王洪斌,等.无花果不同品种抗寒性研究初报[J].经济林研究,1997,15(1):30-31.
[12]哀方,苏卫国,张振玲.不同无花果品种抗寒性的测定[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(14):4183-4184,4285.AI F,SU W G,ZHANG Z L.Determination of cold tolerance of different varieties of figs[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(14):4183-4185.(in Chinese)
[13]刘家尧.植物生理学实验教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010:72-75.
[14]张树宝,苏志刚,李淑霞,等.电导法等测定欧美彩叶树抗寒性试验研究[J].北方园艺,2009(2):187-189.ZHANG S B,SU Z G,LI S X,et al.Research the cold resistance test of determining colored-leaves trees in europe and america using conductivity method etc[J].Northern Horticulture,2009(2):187-189.(in Chinese)
[15]LI P H,PALVA E T.Plant cold hardiness gene regulation and genetic engineering[J].Annals of Botany,2003(92):327-328.
[16]韩俊威,史彦江,宋锋惠,等.平欧杂交榛13个品种(系)抗寒性比较[J].东北林业大学学报,2014(12):7-12.HAN J W,SHI Y J,SONG F H,et al.Comparrative study on cold resistance of thirteen strains of corylus heterophylla×corylus avellana[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014(12):7-12.(in Chinese)
[17]王有科,席万鹏,郁松林,等.引种扁桃抗寒力及冻害成因分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2006,24(5):126-129.WANG Y K,XI W P,YU S L,et al.Analysis on cold resistance ability of almond and causes of chilling injury[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2006,24(5):126-129.(in Chinese)
[18]何丽斯,汪仁,孟祥静,等.茉莉扦插苗对模拟低温的生理响应[J].西北植物学报,2010,30(12):2451-2458.HE L S,WANG R,MENG X J,et al.Physiological responses of jasminum sambac cuttings under artificial low temperature[J].Acta Bot.Boreal-Occident Sin.,2010,30(12):2451-2458.(in Chinese)
[19]RUIZ N,BARRANCO D,RAPOPORT H F.Antomical response of live to freezing temperatures changes in soluble carbohydrate of rye[J].Crop Sci.,2006,25:288-290.
[20]付晓伟,张倩,刘崇怀,等.评价葡萄根系抗寒性指标的确定[J].果树学报,2014,31(1):52-59.FU X W,ZHANG Q,LIU C H,et al.Index for the evaluation of grape root cold-resistance[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2014,31(1):52-59.(in Chinese)
[21]苏李维,李胜,马绍英,等.葡萄抗寒性综合评价方法的建立[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):70-79.SU L W,LI S,MA S Y,et al.Acomprehensive assessment method for cold resistance of grape vines[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(3):70-79.(in Chinese)
[22]吕跃东,董凤祥,王贵禧,等.平欧杂交榛抗寒性综合评价体系的建立与应用[J].林业科学,2008,44(9):31-35.LYU Y D,DONG F X,WANG G X,et al.Establishment and application of integrated assessment system on cold resistance of hybrid hazelnut[J].Scintia Silvae Sinicae,2008,44(9):31-35.(in Chinese)
[23]玉苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,等.利用隶属函数法综合评价莉砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129.YUSUFU A,AYIGULI T,PATIMAN A,et al.Comprehensive evaluation on cold hardiness of pear rootstocks by the subordinate function[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2014,19(3):121-129.(in Chinese)
[24]王勇,乔永胜,梅霞,等.不同低温下核桃枝条抗寒性生理生化指标分析[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(10):40-44.WANG Y,QIAO Y S,MEI X,et al.Physiological and biochemical indexes of change of cold hardiness of different branches of walnut under low temperature[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(10):40-44.(in Chinese)
[25]许桂芳,张朝阳,向佐湘.利用隶属函数法对4种珍珠菜属植物的抗寒性综合评价[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(3):24-26.XU G F,ZHANG Z Y,XIANG Z X.Comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance on four lysimachia plants by subordinate function values analysis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(3):24-26.(in Chinese)