花都强降水的时间演变特征
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摘要
利用1960—2017年的观测资料研究表明,花都区的暴雨和短时强降水都表现了明显的时间演变特征。花都暴雨初日有逐渐提前的趋势,近58 a平均为4月24日,近30 a平均为4月19日。年平均暴雨日数为7.5 d, 90%出现在汛期。暴雨月变化呈双峰型分布,大峰值出现在5月,小峰值在8月。花都的降水和短时强降水都表现出明显的时间演变特征。短时强降水发生频率低,但很大程度上决定着总降水量的时间演变特征。年平均短时强降水时数为17.1 h,92%出现在汛期。短时强降水的月变化呈双峰型分布,峰值出现在5月和8月。短时强降水日变化有明显季节演变特征,4月主要出现在凌晨至中午,5月集中出现在傍晚,6月大多出现在下午至上半夜,后汛期,主要出现在午后至傍晚以及凌晨前后2 h。
According to the observation data from 1960 to 2017, the rainstorm and short-time heavy rainfall in Huadu district showed obvious temporal evolution characteristics. The first days of heavy rain in Huadu show a trend of gradual advance. The average days in the past 58 years are April 24, and the average days in the past 30 years are April 19. The annual average number of rainstorm days is 7.5 days, 90% of which occur in the flood season. The monthly variation of rainstorm shows a bimodal distribution, with a large peak in May and a small peak in August. Both precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation in huadu show obvious temporal evolution characteristics. The frequency of short-time heavy precipitation is low, but it largely determines the temporal evolution of total precipitation. The annual average short-time heavy rainfall is 17.1 hours, 92% in the flood season. The monthly change of short-time heavy rainfall shows a bimodal distribution, and the peak appears in May and August. The diurnal variation of short-time heavy rainfall has obvious seasonal evolution characteristics. In April, it mainly occurs from early morning to noon; In May, it mainly occurs in the evening; In June, it mostly occurs from late afternoon to midnight; In the post-flood season, it mainly occurs from late afternoon to evening and 2 hours before and after early morning.
According to the observation data from 1960 to 2017, the rainstorm and short-time heavy rainfall in Huadu district showed obvious temporal evolution characteristics. The first days of heavy rain in Huadu show a trend of gradual advance. The average days in the past 58 years are April 24, and the average days in the past 30 years are April 19. The annual average number of rainstorm days is 7.5 days, 90% of which occur in the flood season. The monthly variation of rainstorm shows a bimodal distribution, with a large peak in May and a small peak in August. Both precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation in huadu show obvious temporal evolution characteristics. The frequency of short-time heavy precipitation is low, but it largely determines the temporal evolution of total precipitation. The annual average short-time heavy rainfall is 17.1 hours, 92% in the flood season. The monthly change of short-time heavy rainfall shows a bimodal distribution, and the peak appears in May and August. The diurnal variation of short-time heavy rainfall has obvious seasonal evolution characteristics. In April, it mainly occurs from early morning to noon; In May, it mainly occurs in the evening; In June, it mostly occurs from late afternoon to midnight; In the post-flood season, it mainly occurs from late afternoon to evening and 2 hours before and after early morning.
引文
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[3] 陆虹,陈思蓉,郭媛,等.近50年华南地区极端强降水频次的时空变化特征[J].热带气象学报,2012,28(2):219-227.
[4] 罗律,张陈娴,许艾米,1962—2013 年清远市极端强降水的变化[J].广东气象,2015,37(4):6-9.
[5] 宋艳华,杨伟民,何健,等.华南区域极端强降水时间监测、检测业务服务平台简介[J].广东气象,2012,34(3):44-46.
[6] 陈元昭,兰红平,陈训来,等.短时临近预报系统在广东一次强对流天气过程中的检验分析[J].广东气象,2012,32(2):5-9.
[7] 张蕾,王明洁,李辉.短时强降水临近预报相对准确率的探讨[J].广东气象,2015,37( 2 ):1-6.
[8] 刘秀英,李芬,范永玲.强降水对铁路安全的影响[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(17):271-272.
[9] 林良勋,冯业荣,黄忠,等.广东省天气预报技术手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:9-11.
[10] 王钊.广东省水资源演变情势分析[J].广东水利水电,2006(5):60-61.
[11] 李湘姣.广东省主要河流径流情势演变分析[J].广东水利水电,2005(1):39-41.
[12] 严彬.东江流域降水特性分析[J].广东水利水电,2007(8):57-60.
[13] 罗碧瑜,张晨辉,陈海泉,等.梅州市气候变化及其对水资源的影响[J].广东水利水电,2007(5):52-54.
[14] 张晨辉,罗碧瑜,廖仕湘,等.梅州市地质灾害气象预报方法初探[J].广东水利水电,2008(1):19-21.
[15] 张嘉盛,刘宇,李兴荣.珠江流域多尺度降水空间分布特征研究[J].广东水利水电,2015(9):33-39.