不同类型控释肥对辣椒生长及土壤养分和微生物的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽试验,研究不同类型控释肥对辣椒生长及土壤养分和微生物的影响。结果表明,在等养分量下,控释肥处理可以显著提高辣椒花期和结果期叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD)和干物质积累量,但对植株光合和呼吸速率影响不明显。同时,不同施肥处理下,土壤硝态氮释放动态差异明显,而铵态氮、速效磷和速效钾释放动态比较接近,且速效钾释放高峰期明显滞后于铵态氮和速效磷。在微生物方面,不同处理细菌和真菌数量变化趋势一致,基本上都是随着种植时间的延长而下降,而放线菌却呈现逐渐升高趋势,且脲甲醛处理对真菌表现出明显的抑制作用。
Pot trials were conducted to investigate the effect of different controlled-release fertilizers on the growth of pepper,soil nutrient and microorganisms.The results indicated that controlled-release fertilizers treatments significantly increased the SPAD of leaves and the amount of dry matter accumulation,but the plant photosynthesis and respiration rate had not affected during florescence and fruit stage at the same nutrient rate.In addition,the dynamic release of soil nitrate nitrogen was significantly different,while the ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium release dynamic was similar,and the available of potassium release peak was obviously lagging behind in nitrogen and phosphorus.In microbiology,the number of bacteria and fungi had same change trend in different treatments,which decreased with the increase of planting time in basically,but the number of actinomycetes had gradually increased trend,and the urea formaldehyde treatment showed obvious inhibitory effect on the fungi.
Pot trials were conducted to investigate the effect of different controlled-release fertilizers on the growth of pepper,soil nutrient and microorganisms.The results indicated that controlled-release fertilizers treatments significantly increased the SPAD of leaves and the amount of dry matter accumulation,but the plant photosynthesis and respiration rate had not affected during florescence and fruit stage at the same nutrient rate.In addition,the dynamic release of soil nitrate nitrogen was significantly different,while the ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium release dynamic was similar,and the available of potassium release peak was obviously lagging behind in nitrogen and phosphorus.In microbiology,the number of bacteria and fungi had same change trend in different treatments,which decreased with the increase of planting time in basically,but the number of actinomycetes had gradually increased trend,and the urea formaldehyde treatment showed obvious inhibitory effect on the fungi.
引文
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[9]陈建生,唐拴虎,徐培智,等.控释肥料氮素释放规律及其对叶菜类蔬菜生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(3):135-137.
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[17]蒋曦龙,陈宝成,张民,等.控释肥氮素释放与水稻氮素吸收相关性研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):215-220.
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[19]王晓巍,蒯佳林,刘晓静,等.4种缓控释氮肥在不同环境条件下的养分释放特性的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(2):332-337.
[20]段路路,范宾,王寅,等.脲醛缓释肥料红外光谱分析及养分释放特性研究[J].化肥工业,2010,37(3):16-22.
[21]李秀英,赵秉强,李絮花,等.不同施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1591-1599.
[22]孟庆英,于忠和,贾会彬,等.控释肥对大豆根际土壤微生物数目、肥力及大豆农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2001(5):827-829.
[2]肖建中,卢树昌,翁福军,等.不同缓控释氮肥对设施菠菜生长及土壤环境的影响研究[J].中国园艺文摘,2014(2):5-6,114.
[3]张文新,张成军,赵同科,等.缓释氮肥减少菜园土壤硝酸盐淋溶研究[J].华北农学报,2010,25(5):166-170.
[4]吕殿青,同延安,孙本华,等.氮肥施用对环境污染影响的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(1):8-15.
[5]曹仁林,贾晓葵.我国集约化农业中氮污染问题及防治对策[J].中国土壤与肥料,2001(3):3-5.
[6]王素萍,李小坤,鲁剑巍,等.施用控释尿素对油菜籽产量、氮肥利用率及土壤无机氮含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1449-1456.
[7]赵秉强,张福锁,廖宗文,等.我国新型肥料发展战略研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(5):536-545.
[8]谢春生,唐拴虎,徐培智,等.一次性施用控释肥对水稻植株生长及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(2):177-182.
[9]陈建生,唐拴虎,徐培智,等.控释肥料氮素释放规律及其对叶菜类蔬菜生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(3):135-137.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.265-267.
[11]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[12]唐拴虎,张发宝,黄旭,等.缓/控释肥料对辣椒生长及养分利用率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):986-991.
[13]龙锦林.控释尿素对蔬菜生长与品质的影响及其肥效评价[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2003.
[14]郑剑英.施用氮、磷肥对作物体内养分含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,1996,16(6):56-61.
[15]张发宝,唐拴虎,徐培智,等.缓释肥料对辣椒产量及品质的影响研究[J].广东农业科学,2006(10):47-49.
[16]杨相东,常京涛,蓝锐,等.作物对氮素的吸收特性和对包膜控释肥的释放性能要求[J].化工进展,2010,29(8):1530-1535,1540.
[17]蒋曦龙,陈宝成,张民,等.控释肥氮素释放与水稻氮素吸收相关性研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):215-220.
[18]韩桂琪.蔬菜专用缓释肥对辣椒、茄子产量与品质的影响[D].重庆:西南大学,2013.
[19]王晓巍,蒯佳林,刘晓静,等.4种缓控释氮肥在不同环境条件下的养分释放特性的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(2):332-337.
[20]段路路,范宾,王寅,等.脲醛缓释肥料红外光谱分析及养分释放特性研究[J].化肥工业,2010,37(3):16-22.
[21]李秀英,赵秉强,李絮花,等.不同施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1591-1599.
[22]孟庆英,于忠和,贾会彬,等.控释肥对大豆根际土壤微生物数目、肥力及大豆农艺性状的影响[J].大豆科学,2001(5):827-829.