旱作小麦控释氮肥释放特征研究（英文）
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摘要
[目的]研究在水分胁迫条件下不同控释肥料释放特征及对小麦生长发育和产量影响。[方法]利用旱地小麦大田实验,以仅施磷钾肥和优化施肥为对照,选用4种不同的包膜材料控释肥A、B、C和D。[结果]在磷钾水平相同条件下,控释氮肥A和B均能显著提高小麦产量,亩穗数是导致产量差异的主要原因;控释氮肥A和B在冬前分别释放了44.4%和46.3%,拔节期释放了72.1%和69.8%,收获期释放了88.0%和91.5%,能够满足旱作小麦全生育期的氮肥需求;另外与OPT(优化施肥)处理相比,控释肥A和B氮素积累量分别增加1.39、2.09 kg/667 m~2,氮肥利用率增加8.66和13.04个百分点,氮肥偏生产力增加9.00、7.22kg/kg,[结论]控释肥A和B对旱作冬小麦效果最好。
[Objective] The aim was to study the release characteristics of different release-controlled fertilizers, as well as their effects on wheat growth and development under water stress. [Method] With phosphorus-potassium fertilization and optimized fertilization(OPT) as the control, the release characteristics of 4 kinds of release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers(A, B, C and D) coated with different materials were studied. [Result] Under the same phosphorus and potassium levels, the release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers A and B significantly improved the yield of wheat.Spike number is the main reason leading to the difference in yield. The fertilizers A and B were released by 44.4% and 46.3% before winter, released by 72.1% and 69.8% at the jointing stage, and related by 88.0% and 91.5% in the harvest period,meeting the nitrogen requirement of dryland wheat across the growth period. Compared with OPT, the nitrogen accumulation amounts in treatments A and B were increased by 1.39 and 2.09 kg/667 m~2, the nitrogen use efficiencies were increased by 8.66% and 13.04%, and the nitrogen partial factor productivities were increased by 9.00 and 7.22 kg/kg, respectively. [Conclusion] Among the 4 kinds of fertilizers,A and B were considered as the optimum release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat on dry land.
[Objective] The aim was to study the release characteristics of different release-controlled fertilizers, as well as their effects on wheat growth and development under water stress. [Method] With phosphorus-potassium fertilization and optimized fertilization(OPT) as the control, the release characteristics of 4 kinds of release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers(A, B, C and D) coated with different materials were studied. [Result] Under the same phosphorus and potassium levels, the release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers A and B significantly improved the yield of wheat.Spike number is the main reason leading to the difference in yield. The fertilizers A and B were released by 44.4% and 46.3% before winter, released by 72.1% and 69.8% at the jointing stage, and related by 88.0% and 91.5% in the harvest period,meeting the nitrogen requirement of dryland wheat across the growth period. Compared with OPT, the nitrogen accumulation amounts in treatments A and B were increased by 1.39 and 2.09 kg/667 m~2, the nitrogen use efficiencies were increased by 8.66% and 13.04%, and the nitrogen partial factor productivities were increased by 9.00 and 7.22 kg/kg, respectively. [Conclusion] Among the 4 kinds of fertilizers,A and B were considered as the optimum release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat on dry land.
引文
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[8]ZHOU ZX(周忠新),YU ZW(于振文),XU WX(许卫霞),et al.Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium rates on winter wheat yield,protein content and fertilizer utilization rate(氮磷钾用量及配比对小麦产量、蛋白质含量和肥料利用率的影响)[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences(山东农业科学)[J].2006,(3):42-44.
[9]ZENG CL(曾长立),LIU L(刘丽),WANG XR(王兴仁),et al.The effect of N fertilizer applied on the content of soil NO3-N remained and the space distribution of winter wheat roots(氮肥施用对冬小麦土壤残留NO3-N含量及分析分布的影响)[J].Journal of Jianghan University(Natural Science)(江汉大学学报(自然科学版)),2002,19(1):82-85.
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[11]ZHU XK(朱新开),GUO WS(郭文善),ZHOU ZQ(周正权),et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on N absorption,yield and quality of medium-gluten wheat Yangmai 10(氮肥对中筋小麦扬麦10号氮素吸收、产量和品质的调节效应)[J].China Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2004,37(12):1831-1837.
[12]BENBI DK,BISWAS CR,KALKAT JS.Nitrate distribution and accumulation in Vstochrept soil profile along term fertilizer Research experiment[J].Fertilizer,1991,28(2):173-177.
[13]WANG YF,YU ZW,LI SX,et al.The effects of different fertilization level on grain protein and free amino acid content of organs above ground of different wheat variety[J].Acta Bot Boreali Occident Sin,2005,25(1):150-154.
[14]WANG HF(王弘菲).Effects of applying slow control released nitrogen on the environmental and economic benefit of winter wheat(冬小麦施用缓控释氮肥的环境效应及其经济效益研究)[D].Hebei Baoding:Agricultural University of Hebei(河北保定:河北农业大学),2012.
[2]JIANG YZ(蒋永忠),LIU HQ(刘海琴),ZHANG YC(张永春),et al.High-efficiency urea improves yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat(高效尿素提高小麦产量及氮肥利用率的研究)[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences(江苏农业科学),1999,(6):54-56.
[3]ZHENG SX(郑圣先),NIE J(聂军),XIONG JY(熊金英).Study on role of controlled release fertilizer in increasing the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and rice yield(控释肥料提高氮素利用率的作用及对水稻效应的研究)[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science(植物营养与肥料学报),2001,7(1):11-16.
[4]GU JL(谷佳林),CAO B(曹兵),LI YX(李亚星),et al.Research status and expectation of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers(缓/控释氮素肥料的研究现状与展望)[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science(土壤通报),2008,39(2):431-434.
[5]WANG DS(汪德水).Synergistic effect and coupling model of fertilizer and water in dryland(旱地农田肥水协同效应与耦合模式)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press(北京:气象出版社),1999.
[6]SHANGGUAN ZP(上官周平).Regulation of nitrogen nutrition on photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat on dryland(氮素营养对旱作小麦光合特性的调控)[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science(植物营养与肥料学报),1997,3(2):105-110.
[7]YANG XD(杨相东),CHANG JT(常京涛),LAN R(蓝锐),et al.Crop nitrogen uptake and its requirement on film coated controlled-release fertilizer(作物对氮素的吸收特性和对包膜控释肥的释放性能要求)[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress(化工进展),2010,29(8):1530-1540.
[8]ZHOU ZX(周忠新),YU ZW(于振文),XU WX(许卫霞),et al.Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium rates on winter wheat yield,protein content and fertilizer utilization rate(氮磷钾用量及配比对小麦产量、蛋白质含量和肥料利用率的影响)[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences(山东农业科学)[J].2006,(3):42-44.
[9]ZENG CL(曾长立),LIU L(刘丽),WANG XR(王兴仁),et al.The effect of N fertilizer applied on the content of soil NO3-N remained and the space distribution of winter wheat roots(氮肥施用对冬小麦土壤残留NO3-N含量及分析分布的影响)[J].Journal of Jianghan University(Natural Science)(江汉大学学报(自然科学版)),2002,19(1):82-85.
[10]HU AT(胡霭堂).Plant Nutrition(植物营养学)[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press(北京:中国农业大学出版社),2003,26-27.
[11]ZHU XK(朱新开),GUO WS(郭文善),ZHOU ZQ(周正权),et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on N absorption,yield and quality of medium-gluten wheat Yangmai 10(氮肥对中筋小麦扬麦10号氮素吸收、产量和品质的调节效应)[J].China Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学),2004,37(12):1831-1837.
[12]BENBI DK,BISWAS CR,KALKAT JS.Nitrate distribution and accumulation in Vstochrept soil profile along term fertilizer Research experiment[J].Fertilizer,1991,28(2):173-177.
[13]WANG YF,YU ZW,LI SX,et al.The effects of different fertilization level on grain protein and free amino acid content of organs above ground of different wheat variety[J].Acta Bot Boreali Occident Sin,2005,25(1):150-154.
[14]WANG HF(王弘菲).Effects of applying slow control released nitrogen on the environmental and economic benefit of winter wheat(冬小麦施用缓控释氮肥的环境效应及其经济效益研究)[D].Hebei Baoding:Agricultural University of Hebei(河北保定:河北农业大学),2012.