内蒙古赛罕乌拉自然保护区蝶类群落多样性
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摘要
为了解赛罕乌拉自然保护区不同生境下蝶类群落多样性及人为干扰对蝶类多样性的影响,2016—2017年在赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区的山地草原、河流湿地、山地森林、典型草原和湿地草甸5种生境对蝶类多样性进行了调查。共采集记录蝶类1826只71种,隶属5科55属,其中粉蝶科(Pieridae)的个体数最多,蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)的属数和种数最多。不同生境类型的蝶类群落组成有差异,山地森林的蝶类的属数和种数最多,有47属58种,典型草原最少,有9属10种。对保护区蝶类群落特征分析结果表明,蛱蝶科的Shannon多样性指数(2.93)和Margalef丰富度指数(5.44)最高,弄蝶科(Hesperiidae)的Pielou均匀度指数(0.86)最高,凤蝶科(Papilionidae)的Berger-Parker优势度指数(0.77)最高。各生境蝶类的多样性有明显差异,山地森林的多样性指数最高,典型草原的多样性指数最低。保护区碟类群落多样性指数具明显的时序特征,7月的多样性指数最高,9月的多样性指数最低。通过Jaccard群落相似性系数计算可知,山地草原与湿地草甸的蝶类Jaccard群落相似性系数(0.43)最高。蝶类群落多样性与植被类型有明显的相关性,人为干扰对蝶类群落多样性有破坏作用。
To understand diversity of butterfly community and the effects of human disturbance in different habitats of Saihanwula Nature Reserve,butterfly community composition was surveyed from 2016 to 2017 in five different habitats,i. e. mountain grassland,river wetland,mountain forest,typical steppe,and wetland meadow. A total of 1826 butterfly individuals were collected,of which 71 species belonging to five families 55 genera were identified. Pieridae had the most number of individuals. Nymphalidae had the most number of species and families. The composition of butterflies differed among different habitats. The highest species number was in mountain forest,with 58 species from 47 families,while the least was in the typical steppe,with 10 species from nine families. The analysis of butterfly community characteristics showed that the Nymphalidae had the highest Shannon diversity index(2. 93) and Margalef richness index(5.44). Hesperiidae had the highest Pielou evenness index(0.86) and Papilionidae had the highest Berger-Parker dominance index(0.77). There was a significant difference in the diversity of butterflies among habitats,with the diversity index being the highest in mountain forest and the lowest in the typical steppe. Moreover,the diversity index of butterfly community had obvious temporal pattern,being the highest in July and the lowest in September. The Jaccard community similarity(0.43) was the highest between mountain grassland and wetland meadow. There was a clear relationship between diversity of butterfly community and vegetation type. Human disturbance had negative effects on butterfly community diversity.
To understand diversity of butterfly community and the effects of human disturbance in different habitats of Saihanwula Nature Reserve,butterfly community composition was surveyed from 2016 to 2017 in five different habitats,i. e. mountain grassland,river wetland,mountain forest,typical steppe,and wetland meadow. A total of 1826 butterfly individuals were collected,of which 71 species belonging to five families 55 genera were identified. Pieridae had the most number of individuals. Nymphalidae had the most number of species and families. The composition of butterflies differed among different habitats. The highest species number was in mountain forest,with 58 species from 47 families,while the least was in the typical steppe,with 10 species from nine families. The analysis of butterfly community characteristics showed that the Nymphalidae had the highest Shannon diversity index(2. 93) and Margalef richness index(5.44). Hesperiidae had the highest Pielou evenness index(0.86) and Papilionidae had the highest Berger-Parker dominance index(0.77). There was a significant difference in the diversity of butterflies among habitats,with the diversity index being the highest in mountain forest and the lowest in the typical steppe. Moreover,the diversity index of butterfly community had obvious temporal pattern,being the highest in July and the lowest in September. The Jaccard community similarity(0.43) was the highest between mountain grassland and wetland meadow. There was a clear relationship between diversity of butterfly community and vegetation type. Human disturbance had negative effects on butterfly community diversity.
引文
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常春燕,贾艳霞,王新增.2014.宁夏云雾山国家自然保护区蝶类群落结构与多样性.西北农业学报,23(1):158-172.
朝鲁门其其格.2012.赛罕乌拉自然保护区土壤(硕士学位论文).呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学.
陈学新.1997.昆虫生物地理学.北京:中国林业出版社.
房丽君,关建玲.2010.蝴蝶对全球气候变化的响应及其研究进展.环境昆虫学报,32(3):399-406.
顾伟,马玲,刘哲强,等.2015.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区蝶类多样性.生态学报,35(22):7387-7396.
郭成,袁树先,白桂芬,等.2011.黑里河国家级自然保护区蝶类资源调查及区系研究.安徽农业科学,39(22):13263-13265.
贾晓燕,王晓江,牛建明,等.2014.赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区不同植被类型水源涵养服务特征.干旱区研究,31(4):495-501.
李刚,阎雄飞,刘永华,等.2016.毛乌素沙地东南缘蝶类资源调查及区系.中国农学通报,32(19):102-109.
马克平,钱迎倩.1994.生物多样性的测度方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
能乃扎布,刘强,闫大平,等.1988.内蒙古昆虫志.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社.
蒲正宇,史军义,姚俊,等.2015.中国蝶类多样性威胁因子分析.中国农学通报,31(11):148-155.
尚素琴,张红勇,田赋斌,等.2017.甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区蝶类区系组成与多样性.草业科学,34(6):1314-1322.
寿建新,周尧,李宇飞.2006.世界蝴蝶分类名录.西安:陕西科学技术出版社.
王敏,范骁俊.2002.中国灰蝶志.郑州:河南科学技术出版社.
翁锦泅,吕文龙,胡诗佳,等.2017.广东古田自然保护区蝶类群落多样性.生态学杂志,36(1):132-136.
雍世鹏,邢莲莲.2011.赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区生物多样性编目.呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社.
张鑫,胡红英,吕昭智.2013.新疆东部天山蝶类多样性及其垂直分布.生态学报,33(17):5329-5338.
张立微,张红玉.2016.蝶类对生境的指示作用研究进展.生物学杂志,33(3):88-91.
赵志模,郭依泉.1994.生境类型生态学原理和方法.重庆:重庆科学技术出版社重庆分社.
周尧.1996.中国蝶类志.郑州:河南科学技术出版社.
周尧.1998.中国蝴蝶分类与鉴定.郑州:河南科学技术出版社.
Cleary DFR,Mooers AO.2004.Butterfly species richness and community composition in forests affected by ENSO-induced burning and habitat isolation in Borneo.Tropical Ecology,20:359-367.
Ehrlich PR,Murphy DD.1987.Conservation lessons from longterm studies of checkerspot butterflies.Conservation Biology,1:122-131.
Pollard E,Yates TJ.1993.Monitoring Butterflies for Ecology and Conservation.London:Chapman and Hall.
Samways MJ.1993.Insect in biodiversity conservation:Someperspective and directives.Biodiversity and Conversation,2:258-282.
Su JC,Debinski DM,Jakubauskas ME,et al.2004.Beyondspecies richness:Community similarity as a measure of crosstaxon congruence for coarsefilter conservation.Conservation Biology,18:167-173.
van Nieukerken EJ,Kaila L,Kitching IJ,et al.2011.Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus,1758.Zootaxa,3148:212-221.
van Swaay CAM,Nowicki P,Settele J,et al.2008.Butterfly monitoring in Europe:Methods,applications and perspectives.Biodiversity and Conservation,17:3455-3469.
Vogel JA,Debinski DM,Koford RR,et al.2007.Butterfly responses to prairie restoration through fire and grazing.Biological Conservation,140:78-90.
常春燕,贾艳霞,王新增.2014.宁夏云雾山国家自然保护区蝶类群落结构与多样性.西北农业学报,23(1):158-172.
朝鲁门其其格.2012.赛罕乌拉自然保护区土壤(硕士学位论文).呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学.
陈学新.1997.昆虫生物地理学.北京:中国林业出版社.
房丽君,关建玲.2010.蝴蝶对全球气候变化的响应及其研究进展.环境昆虫学报,32(3):399-406.
顾伟,马玲,刘哲强,等.2015.小兴安岭凉水自然保护区蝶类多样性.生态学报,35(22):7387-7396.
郭成,袁树先,白桂芬,等.2011.黑里河国家级自然保护区蝶类资源调查及区系研究.安徽农业科学,39(22):13263-13265.
贾晓燕,王晓江,牛建明,等.2014.赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区不同植被类型水源涵养服务特征.干旱区研究,31(4):495-501.
李刚,阎雄飞,刘永华,等.2016.毛乌素沙地东南缘蝶类资源调查及区系.中国农学通报,32(19):102-109.
马克平,钱迎倩.1994.生物多样性的测度方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社.
能乃扎布,刘强,闫大平,等.1988.内蒙古昆虫志.呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社.
蒲正宇,史军义,姚俊,等.2015.中国蝶类多样性威胁因子分析.中国农学通报,31(11):148-155.
尚素琴,张红勇,田赋斌,等.2017.甘肃省兴隆山国家级自然保护区蝶类区系组成与多样性.草业科学,34(6):1314-1322.
寿建新,周尧,李宇飞.2006.世界蝴蝶分类名录.西安:陕西科学技术出版社.
王敏,范骁俊.2002.中国灰蝶志.郑州:河南科学技术出版社.
翁锦泅,吕文龙,胡诗佳,等.2017.广东古田自然保护区蝶类群落多样性.生态学杂志,36(1):132-136.
雍世鹏,邢莲莲.2011.赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区生物多样性编目.呼和浩特:内蒙古大学出版社.
张鑫,胡红英,吕昭智.2013.新疆东部天山蝶类多样性及其垂直分布.生态学报,33(17):5329-5338.
张立微,张红玉.2016.蝶类对生境的指示作用研究进展.生物学杂志,33(3):88-91.
赵志模,郭依泉.1994.生境类型生态学原理和方法.重庆:重庆科学技术出版社重庆分社.
周尧.1996.中国蝶类志.郑州:河南科学技术出版社.
周尧.1998.中国蝴蝶分类与鉴定.郑州:河南科学技术出版社.
Cleary DFR,Mooers AO.2004.Butterfly species richness and community composition in forests affected by ENSO-induced burning and habitat isolation in Borneo.Tropical Ecology,20:359-367.
Ehrlich PR,Murphy DD.1987.Conservation lessons from longterm studies of checkerspot butterflies.Conservation Biology,1:122-131.
Pollard E,Yates TJ.1993.Monitoring Butterflies for Ecology and Conservation.London:Chapman and Hall.
Samways MJ.1993.Insect in biodiversity conservation:Someperspective and directives.Biodiversity and Conversation,2:258-282.
Su JC,Debinski DM,Jakubauskas ME,et al.2004.Beyondspecies richness:Community similarity as a measure of crosstaxon congruence for coarsefilter conservation.Conservation Biology,18:167-173.
van Nieukerken EJ,Kaila L,Kitching IJ,et al.2011.Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus,1758.Zootaxa,3148:212-221.
van Swaay CAM,Nowicki P,Settele J,et al.2008.Butterfly monitoring in Europe:Methods,applications and perspectives.Biodiversity and Conservation,17:3455-3469.
Vogel JA,Debinski DM,Koford RR,et al.2007.Butterfly responses to prairie restoration through fire and grazing.Biological Conservation,140:78-90.