密闭生态系统中大黑甲生长发育及虫沙营养成分的初步研究
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摘要
密闭受控生态系统中,大黑甲(俗称大麦虫)不仅可以作为乘员日常饮食中动物蛋白的重要来源之一,且对作物秸秆、餐厨垃圾等物质转化起到重要作用,其虫沙可配制新型有机肥料。本试验在密闭受控生态系统中,通过测定大黑甲日增数量、质量及大黑甲各生长阶段呼吸代谢量,研究密闭生态环境对大黑甲的生长发育及其虫沙营养成分价值的影响。试验表明,大黑甲在受控密闭生态系统中生长良好,生长速率为0.79%,大黑甲幼虫时期CO_2产生速率为0.0439 g/g虫/d,O_2消耗速率为0.027 g/g虫/d,大黑甲成年期CO_2产生速率为0.0109 g/g虫/d,O_2消耗速率为0.0126 g/g虫/d,大黑甲的呼吸代谢对密闭系统中大气循环起到一定作用。此外,大黑甲每日能够消耗一定量的植物不可食部分,其虫沙营养全面,具有用作植物培养基质的潜力。
Zophobas opacus(Sahlberg, 1823) were not only important sources of animal proteins in the crew's daily diet, but also can participate in the circulation of substances in the controlled closed ecological system. Z. opacus feces can be made into new organic fertilizers. To investigate the growth of Z. opacus and its function in the controlled closed ecosystem, we measured the average individual quality, quantity, respiration rate and nutrient components of its feces during the experiment. The results showed that Z. opacus grew well in the controlled closed ecosystems, the grow rate was 0.79%, the carbon dioxide production rate was 0.0439 g per day per Z. opacus for larva, and the oxygen consumption rate was 0.027 g per day per Z. opacus for larva. But for adults the carbon dioxide production rate and the oxygen consumption rate decreased to 0.0109 and 0.0126 per day per Z. opacus. So Z. opacus played a role in the atmospheric circulation of the controlled closed ecological system. In addition, Z. opacus could consume a certain amount of incredible parts of plants. Z. opacus feces had comprehensive nutrition and had potential used for plants growth.
Zophobas opacus(Sahlberg, 1823) were not only important sources of animal proteins in the crew's daily diet, but also can participate in the circulation of substances in the controlled closed ecological system. Z. opacus feces can be made into new organic fertilizers. To investigate the growth of Z. opacus and its function in the controlled closed ecosystem, we measured the average individual quality, quantity, respiration rate and nutrient components of its feces during the experiment. The results showed that Z. opacus grew well in the controlled closed ecosystems, the grow rate was 0.79%, the carbon dioxide production rate was 0.0439 g per day per Z. opacus for larva, and the oxygen consumption rate was 0.027 g per day per Z. opacus for larva. But for adults the carbon dioxide production rate and the oxygen consumption rate decreased to 0.0109 and 0.0126 per day per Z. opacus. So Z. opacus played a role in the atmospheric circulation of the controlled closed ecological system. In addition, Z. opacus could consume a certain amount of incredible parts of plants. Z. opacus feces had comprehensive nutrition and had potential used for plants growth.
引文
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XuQA, Peng WL, Li XX, et al. Research advances on the economic insect of mealworm and superworm [J]. Anhui Agri. Sci. Bull., 2008, 14 (21): 158-160. [许齐爱, 彭伟录, 李小玺, 等. 经济昆虫黄粉虫与大麦虫研究进展 [J]. 安徽农学通报, 2008, 14 (21): 158-160]
Cai KJ, Zhang LQ, Liu L. Zophobas opacuss breeding technology [J]. Modern Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 15 (5): 38-39. [采克俊, 张丽倩, 刘莉. 大麦虫养殖技术 [J]. 现代农业科学, 2008, 15 (5): 38-39]
Meng JZ, Pan HP, Wei K. Experiment on Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated with Zophobas feces [J]. Edible Fungi of China, 2011, 30 (3): 32-33. [蒙健宗, 潘红平, 韦珂. 大麦虫沙栽培秀珍菇试验研究 [J]. 中国食用菌, 2011, 30 (3): 32-33]
Yu JX, Zhang X, Hu YJ. Artificial breeding technology of Zophobas opacuss [J]. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology, 2011, 38 (1): 51-52. [喻锦秀, 张烜, 胡拥军. 大麦虫的人工繁育技术 [J]. 湖南林业科技, 2011, 38 (1): 51-52]
Wang YP, Wang XX, Zhang DW,et al. Effects of fermentation waste on the growth performance of superworm [J]. China Food Additives, 2012, Z1: 169-173. [王艳萍, 王鑫璇, 张殿伟, 等. 利用发酵废弃物制备大麦虫饲养饵料的研究 [J]. 中国食品添加剂试验研究, 2012, Z1: 169-173]
Chen ZY, Ye ZL. Analysis on culture benefit of barley pest [J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science, 2013, 34 (1): 78-80. [陈智毅, 叶柱良. 大麦虫养殖效益分析 [J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2013, 34 (1): 78-80]
Wei K, Lan HX, Shi JD,et al. Experiment on clitocybe maxima cultivated with Zophobas opacus feces and mulberry branch [J]. Southern Horticulture, 2014, 25 (2): 6-8. [韦珂, 蓝红新, 石杰东, 等. 大麦虫沙-桑枝杆栽培大杯蕈的研究 [J]. 南方园艺, 2014, 25 (2): 6-8]
Yang SY, Li WJ, Liu CX,et al. Effects of fermented swine manure on the conversion ratio of Hermetia illucens and nutritional components detection of H. illucens larva and sandworm [J]. Journal of Anhui Agri. Sci., 2016, 44 (21): 69-70. [杨树义, 李卫娟, 刘春雪, 等. 发酵猪粪对黑水虻转化率的影响及黑水虻幼虫和虫沙营养成分测定 [J]. 安徽农业科学, 2016, 44 (21): 69-70]
Wang XN. Study on Biological Characteristics of Zophobas Atratus Fab and its Conditions of Artificial Feeding [D]. Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University, 2012: 28-43. [王孝妮. 大黑甲生物学及人工饲养条件研究 [D].成都: 四川农业大学, 2012: 28-43]
Xu H, Wen LZ. The living habits and behavior characteristics of Zophobas opacus [J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2011, 37 (1): 43-46. [许浩,文礼章.大黑甲的生活习性与行为特征 [J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 37 (1): 43-46]