金华地区18次冰雹天气的大气环境与雷达回波特征分析
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摘要
利用MICAPS、多普勒雷达资料和中尺度气象资料,统计了近9 a来金华地区共18次冰雹个例,并对其形成的天气学机制和雷达回波特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:(1)金华地区的冰雹天气型分为西风槽型和副热带高压影响型两类,年际高发时段集中在春季和盛夏,日际则集中在午后。(2)对流有效位能和风垂直切变是影响该区域冰雹产生的重要因子,夏季冰雹大多产生在高能弱切变环境下,春季冰雹大多产生在低能强切变环境下,大冰雹多出现在高能环境下,极易出现在高能且中等以上切变环境中。(3)冰雹发生前大气的水汽含量较高,整层大气可降水量(PWV)的平均值可达40.8 mm,而湿球温度0℃层则适宜。(4)冰雹单体生命史均超过1 h,0.5°仰角最大反射率因子值超过60 dBz;冰雹云风暴顶高分布与回波顶高度分布一致,且具有较明显的季节变化。(5)单体的垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)先增后降,中间至少有一次跃增过程,其最大值出现后的突降时间与降雹时间基本一致;强天气概率(SWP)产品相对冰雹出现有12～160 min不等的提前量。
Using micaps data, Doppler radar data and mesoscale meteorological data, etc, eighteen hail events occurred in Jinhua area during9 years were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the weather types of hail in Jinhua can be classified into two types, i.e., westerly trough type and subtropical high type. The annual high occurrence time is concentrated in spring and summer, while the diurnal peak is concentrated in the afternoon.(2) The convective available potential energy and wind vertical shear are two important factors for hail generation. Hail in summer mostly occurred in high energy and weak wind shear environment. Hail in spring mostly occurred in the low energy and strong wind shear environment. Large hail occurred in high energy environment, especially in the high energy and medium shear environment.(3) The moisture content of the atmosphere before the occurrence of hail is very high. The average value of PWV can reach 40.8 mm, and level of wet blub zero is appropriate.(4) The lifetime of hail is more than 1 hour, and the maximum radar base reflectivity is above 60 d Bz. The distribution of storm top height of hailstorm cloud is consistent with that of echo top height, and has an obvious seasonal variation.(5) VIL(storm cell) of hail storm increases first and then decreases, with at least one jump in the middle. The sudden drop time after the maximum value is basically the same as the hail time. Strong weather probability(SWP) product is ahead 12～160 min of hail.
Using micaps data, Doppler radar data and mesoscale meteorological data, etc, eighteen hail events occurred in Jinhua area during9 years were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) the weather types of hail in Jinhua can be classified into two types, i.e., westerly trough type and subtropical high type. The annual high occurrence time is concentrated in spring and summer, while the diurnal peak is concentrated in the afternoon.(2) The convective available potential energy and wind vertical shear are two important factors for hail generation. Hail in summer mostly occurred in high energy and weak wind shear environment. Hail in spring mostly occurred in the low energy and strong wind shear environment. Large hail occurred in high energy environment, especially in the high energy and medium shear environment.(3) The moisture content of the atmosphere before the occurrence of hail is very high. The average value of PWV can reach 40.8 mm, and level of wet blub zero is appropriate.(4) The lifetime of hail is more than 1 hour, and the maximum radar base reflectivity is above 60 d Bz. The distribution of storm top height of hailstorm cloud is consistent with that of echo top height, and has an obvious seasonal variation.(5) VIL(storm cell) of hail storm increases first and then decreases, with at least one jump in the middle. The sudden drop time after the maximum value is basically the same as the hail time. Strong weather probability(SWP) product is ahead 12～160 min of hail.
引文
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[2]雷蕾,孙继松,魏东.利用探空资料判别北京地区夏季强对流的天气类别[J].气象,2011,37(2):136-141
[3]金米娜,陈云辉,许爱华,等. 2013年3月19日江西省冰雹天气成因分析[J].暴雨灾害,2013,32(2):158-166
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[11]马素艳,韩经纬,斯琴,等.冷涡背景下呼和浩特市冰雹特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2016, 35(6):529-536
[12]俞小鼎.关于冰雹的融化层高度[J].气象,2014,40(6):649-654
[13] Johns H R,Doswell C A.Sever local storms forecasting[J].Wea Forecasting,1992,7:588-612
[14]仇娟娟,何立富.苏沪浙地区短时强降水与冰雹天气分布及物理量特征对比分析[J].气象,201339(5):577-584
[15]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版2006:145
[16]张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕等.雷达气象学[M].北京:气象出版2000:1-33
[17]李玉林,杨梅,李玉芳.夏季雷暴云雷达回波特征分析[J].气象,2001,27(10):33-37
[18]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:185
[19] Steven A A,Peter L W.VIL density as a hail indicator[J]. Wea Forecasting,1997,12:473-478
[20]刁秀广,朱君鉴,黄秀韶,等.VIL和VIL密度在冰雹云判据中的应用[J].高原气象,2008,27(5):1 131-1 139
[21]王莉萍,张湃,崔晓东,等.一次后倾槽型冰雹天气过程演变的诊断分析[J].暴雨灾害,2010, 29(3):239-244
[22]陈双,王迎春,张文龙.北京香山“7.29”γ中尺度短时局地大暴雨过程综合分析[J].暴雨灾害,2016,35(2):148-157
[23] Brown R A, Wood V T.Improved severe storm warning using Doppler radar[J]. Natl Wea Dig, 1983,8(3):19-27
[24] Andra D L. The origin and evolution of the WSR-88D mesocyclone recognition nomogram[C]//Preprints 28th conf on radar meteorology.Amer Meteor Soc,1997:364-365
[2]雷蕾,孙继松,魏东.利用探空资料判别北京地区夏季强对流的天气类别[J].气象,2011,37(2):136-141
[3]金米娜,陈云辉,许爱华,等. 2013年3月19日江西省冰雹天气成因分析[J].暴雨灾害,2013,32(2):158-166
[4]鲁德金,陈钟荣,袁野,等.安徽地区春夏季冰雹云雷达回波特征分析[J].气象,2015,41(9):1 104-1 110
[5]邵伟军,严红梅,钱华锋.一次典型降雹过程CINRAD/SB雷达资料分析[J].浙江气象,2008,29(2):8-11
[6]赵贤产,何丽萍,刘学华.一次副热带高压边缘的局地冰雹多普勒雷达回波特征分析[J].气象科学,2007,27:170-174
[7]方桃妮,邵伟军,严红梅.金华冰雹天气过程CINRAD/SB雷达特征的初探[J].浙江气象, 2010,31(3):6-9
[8]廖晓农,俞小鼎,王迎春.北京地区一次罕见的雷暴大风过程特征分析[J].高原气象,2008,27 27(6):1 350-1 362
[9]梁爱民,张庆红,申红喜等.北京地区雷暴大风预报研究[J].气象,2006,32(11):73-80
[10]章国材.强对流分析与预报[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:65
[11]马素艳,韩经纬,斯琴,等.冷涡背景下呼和浩特市冰雹特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,2016, 35(6):529-536
[12]俞小鼎.关于冰雹的融化层高度[J].气象,2014,40(6):649-654
[13] Johns H R,Doswell C A.Sever local storms forecasting[J].Wea Forecasting,1992,7:588-612
[14]仇娟娟,何立富.苏沪浙地区短时强降水与冰雹天气分布及物理量特征对比分析[J].气象,201339(5):577-584
[15]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版2006:145
[16]张培昌,杜秉玉,戴铁丕等.雷达气象学[M].北京:气象出版2000:1-33
[17]李玉林,杨梅,李玉芳.夏季雷暴云雷达回波特征分析[J].气象,2001,27(10):33-37
[18]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊廷南等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:185
[19] Steven A A,Peter L W.VIL density as a hail indicator[J]. Wea Forecasting,1997,12:473-478
[20]刁秀广,朱君鉴,黄秀韶,等.VIL和VIL密度在冰雹云判据中的应用[J].高原气象,2008,27(5):1 131-1 139
[21]王莉萍,张湃,崔晓东,等.一次后倾槽型冰雹天气过程演变的诊断分析[J].暴雨灾害,2010, 29(3):239-244
[22]陈双,王迎春,张文龙.北京香山“7.29”γ中尺度短时局地大暴雨过程综合分析[J].暴雨灾害,2016,35(2):148-157
[23] Brown R A, Wood V T.Improved severe storm warning using Doppler radar[J]. Natl Wea Dig, 1983,8(3):19-27
[24] Andra D L. The origin and evolution of the WSR-88D mesocyclone recognition nomogram[C]//Preprints 28th conf on radar meteorology.Amer Meteor Soc,1997:364-365