广西隆安下石炭统都结微生物岩微相特征与沉积环境研究
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摘要
广西隆安县都结乡发育的微生物岩产于下石炭统都安组中—上部地层,分布广、厚度大,是中国南方早石炭世报道较少的碳酸盐岩建造类型,具有较高的研究价值。该微生物岩以颗粒灰岩和粘结岩为主,生物含量丰富,包括微生物、有孔虫、棘皮类、钙球、腕足等。通过岩相分析,可识别出以下8种微相类型:MF1含亮晶胶结物的泥晶包壳生屑灰岩、MF2含腕足似球粒灰岩、MF3无纹层似球粒颗粒灰岩、MF4集合颗粒灰岩、MF5细密纹层状粘结岩、MF6内碎屑鲕粒灰岩、MF7鲕粒灰岩、MF8白云质鲕粒灰岩。伴随海平面升降变化,都结微生物岩沉积环境先后经历了FZ1台地边缘浅滩相、FZ2开阔台地相与FZ3局限台地相这三种沉积相带之间往复变化的沉积相模式。结合前人基础地质资料,该沉积相模式表明该微生物岩发育于低纬度孤立碳酸盐岩台地浅水环境,并经历了初期、主体时期和消亡期3个发育阶段,海平面虽伴有小幅波动,但整体呈下降趋势。微生物岩发育于晚古生代冰期与谢尔普霍夫生物灭绝事件前夕,该时期南盘江盆地微生物岩的富集与后生动物礁的缺失相耦合,海洋生态系统中生物组成发生显著变化。在此基础上,本文从微生物岩的角度初步探讨了冈瓦纳大陆冰川作用对北半球低纬度地区的影响。
Objectives: The thick-bedded Dujie microbial carbonates are widespread and well exposed in Long 'an county,Guangxi. The microbial carbonates occur in the middle—upper part of Du'an Formation. Until recently,Early Carboniferous carbonate buildups were reported as relatively rare in south China,and very few work on Dujie microbial carbonates has been done. In this study,we focus on the microfacies analysis to establish depositional facies models and identify sedimentary environment.Methods: Microfacies is considered as the total of all sedimentological and paleontological data which can be described and classified from thin sections,polished slabs,rock samples and so on. Microfacies analysis consists of two parts of work:(1) Field geology,including mapping and profiling,is a prerequisite for successful microfacies analysis;(2) Thin-section studies,observing microscopic features of limestones by polarizing microscope and using microfacies criteria in describing and classifying limestones.Results: Dujie microbial carbonates contain various organisms including microbe,foraminifera,echinoderm,calcisphere,brachiopod etc.. Fossiliferous grainstones and boundstones are two common lithofacies in the microbial carbonates. Eight microfacies types grouped into three facies zones are recognized by petrographic analysis. They are( MF1) Coated bioclastic grainstone;( MF2) Peloidal grainstone with shell;( MF3) Non-laminated peloidal grainstone;( MF4) Aggregate-grain grainstone;( MF5) Densely laminated bindstone;( MF6) Ooid grainstone with intraclast;( MF7) Ooid grainstone;( MF8) Dolomitic ooid grainstone. The sedimentary processes of Dujie microbial carbonates include( FZ1) the shoal of platform margin facies,( FZ2) the open platform facies and( FZ3) the restricted platform facies.Conclusions: Thus,the established depositional facies models and geologic foundation data indicate that:(1)Dujie microbial carbonates are distributed in shallow water carbonate platform within low latitudes;(2) Dujie microbial carbonates have 3 developmental stages;(3) the sea level shows a falling trend roughly,although it changes within a narrow range. Dujie microbial carbonates develop on the eve of the Late Paleozoic ice age and the Serpukhovian( Carboniferous) mass extinction. With the enrichment of microbial carbonates and the lack of metazoan reefs,the biological composition in marine ecosystems has changed significantly during the period from late Visean to Serpukhovian. Based on the above,the effects of the glaciation in Gondwanal and on the low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere from the perspective of microbial carbonates is analysised preliminary in the present study.
Objectives: The thick-bedded Dujie microbial carbonates are widespread and well exposed in Long 'an county,Guangxi. The microbial carbonates occur in the middle—upper part of Du'an Formation. Until recently,Early Carboniferous carbonate buildups were reported as relatively rare in south China,and very few work on Dujie microbial carbonates has been done. In this study,we focus on the microfacies analysis to establish depositional facies models and identify sedimentary environment.Methods: Microfacies is considered as the total of all sedimentological and paleontological data which can be described and classified from thin sections,polished slabs,rock samples and so on. Microfacies analysis consists of two parts of work:(1) Field geology,including mapping and profiling,is a prerequisite for successful microfacies analysis;(2) Thin-section studies,observing microscopic features of limestones by polarizing microscope and using microfacies criteria in describing and classifying limestones.Results: Dujie microbial carbonates contain various organisms including microbe,foraminifera,echinoderm,calcisphere,brachiopod etc.. Fossiliferous grainstones and boundstones are two common lithofacies in the microbial carbonates. Eight microfacies types grouped into three facies zones are recognized by petrographic analysis. They are( MF1) Coated bioclastic grainstone;( MF2) Peloidal grainstone with shell;( MF3) Non-laminated peloidal grainstone;( MF4) Aggregate-grain grainstone;( MF5) Densely laminated bindstone;( MF6) Ooid grainstone with intraclast;( MF7) Ooid grainstone;( MF8) Dolomitic ooid grainstone. The sedimentary processes of Dujie microbial carbonates include( FZ1) the shoal of platform margin facies,( FZ2) the open platform facies and( FZ3) the restricted platform facies.Conclusions: Thus,the established depositional facies models and geologic foundation data indicate that:(1)Dujie microbial carbonates are distributed in shallow water carbonate platform within low latitudes;(2) Dujie microbial carbonates have 3 developmental stages;(3) the sea level shows a falling trend roughly,although it changes within a narrow range. Dujie microbial carbonates develop on the eve of the Late Paleozoic ice age and the Serpukhovian( Carboniferous) mass extinction. With the enrichment of microbial carbonates and the lack of metazoan reefs,the biological composition in marine ecosystems has changed significantly during the period from late Visean to Serpukhovian. Based on the above,the effects of the glaciation in Gondwanal and on the low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere from the perspective of microbial carbonates is analysised preliminary in the present study.
引文
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